激光等离子体堵口效应的理论模拟

采用较为简化的理论模型,根据离子运动方程的自相似解,模拟了激光辐照腔靶时产生的妨碍能量继续注入的堵口效应,获得了注入腔靶的能量份额随小孔初始半径及激光参数的变化曲线。理论与实验结果相符。     

强激光斜入射半腔靶能量注入率测量

 在星光II单束激光条件下,通过新的方法、用热释电能量卡计和scientech378能量卡计测量了1.053 μm激光45°斜入射半腔靶及孔靶激光能量注入率,并估计了斜入射条件下的等离子体堵口速度。实验结果表明：相同参数条件下半腔靶与孔靶相比,激光能量注入率减少约10%。     

斜入射激光等离子体堵口时空特性研究

 在“星光II”上首次利用X光12分幅相机(XFC)成功地观测到了1.053 μm激光以45°方向斜入射孔靶和半腔靶等离子体堵口的时间和二维空间图象，获得了等离子体堵口速度，同时通过一维模型给出了斜入射条件下的等离子体堵口速度。实验结果表明：相同参数条件下半腔靶与孔靶相比，等离子体喷射速度高约15%。一维模型给出的等离子体喷射速度与XFC测出的等离子体喷射速度在实验误差范围内是一致的。     

辐射加热腔诊断孔堵口特性实验研究

研究辐射加热腔诊断孔堵口现象。实验采用波长为１．０５３μｍ、能量为３００－４００Ｊ、脉宽为－８００ｐｓ的高斯型激光脉冲，双束对打具有双源区的腔靶。在激光入射口及内腔口服两台亚千电子伏特Ｘ射线能谱仪监测源区与内爆区发射的Ｘ光谱。定性分析和讨论了堵口现象。     

激光驱动爆推靶特性研究

在神光装置上进行了爆推型DT气体的玻璃微球内爆实验。产生了5×(?)中子:内爆芯DT密度约一倍液D_2密度:内爆对称性4—8％:内爆速度3.3×10~(?)cm/s:内爆时间约150Ps:能量吸收系数约25％。实验结果与“一次冲击等熵压缩”理论符合得比较好     

提高腔靶激光能量注入率的新途径

 在“星光Ⅱ”上测量了入射孔边缘镀CH膜的孔靶激光能量注入率,给出了注入率随入射激光能量和波长变化的经验公式,同时对堵口现象物理机理进行了一维数值模拟。实验结果表明:镀CH膜是增加激光能量注入率、提高腔靶辐射温度的有效方法。     

飞秒激光-物质相互作用产生K_α X射线(英文)北大核心CSCD

用无色散X射线谱仪分别在靶前后测量了飞秒激光辐照铜箔产生的KαX射线,获得了能量转换效率。入射激光脉冲宽度33 fs,能量在50 mJ^5 J,强度1017~1019W/cm2。靶后发射的KαX射线强度随入射激光能量的增加而增加,其单色性较靶前好。采用100μm厚靶,其能量转换率为2.2×10-5。     

激光加热碳、金平面靶等离子体膨胀过程

利用软X射线条纹相机与针孔成象装置相结合,测得了碳、金平面靶靶面X射线时、空分辨图象,从而推算出靶面等离子体膨胀平均速度分别为(碳):5.11×10⁷cm/s,(金):6.13×10⁷cm/s。实验用1.06μm的钕玻璃激光轰击靶面,X射线能谱范围为0.1—10keV。测量在激光功率密度≈10¹⁴W/cm²的情况下进行。 关键词：     

84 MeV/核子的12C 引起的中能重离子反应的研究

一、开展中能重离子反应研究的意义对轰击能量较低的重离子反应已经进行了广泛的研究。此时质心系轰击能E_(cm)超过库仑位垒V_B 约3～5MeV/核子,在核接触时的相对速度V_(Rel)(?)3cm/ns,反应时间τ大于3×10~(-22)s/fm。核中核子的费米速度约为8cm/ns,相当于τ_F为10~(-22)s/fm,因此时τ(?)τ_F。大量实验表明此时主要发生二体反应,过程是绝热的。通过相互作用,能量、角动量、N/Z 自由度及质量逐步发生弛豫。     

“多靶串接”饱和增益软X光激光实验研究

采用“多靶串接”设计,利用强度为0.8×10~(13)～1.0×10~(13)W/cm~2,波长为1.05μm,脉宽约1ns的两路钕玻璃激光线聚焦辐照四块串接的平面厚锗靶,观察到波长为23.2和23.6nm的接近饱和的类Ne锗软X光激光输出。当总靶长为5.6cm时,这两种波长的软X光激光输出的GL值都达到16左右,沿靶法线和靶平面方向的发散角都只有3～4mrad。     

Analysis of second-order conditional moment closure applied to an autoignitive lifted hydrogen jet flame

The timing and location of autoignition can be highly sensitive to turbulent fluctuations of composition. Second-order Conditional Moment Closure (CMC) provides transport equations for conditional (co)variances in turbulent reacting flows. CMC equations accounting for compressibility and differential diffusion are analyzed using data from direct numerical simulation of an autoignitive lifted turbulent hydrogen jet flame [C.S. Yoo, R. Sankaran, J.H. Chen, Three-dimensional direct numerical simulation of turbulent lifted hydrogen/air jet flame in a heated coflow. Part 1. J. Fluid. Mech., (2008)]. At the flame base, second-order moments were required to accurately model the conditional reaction rates. However, over 80% of the second-order reaction rate component was obtainable with a small subset (16%) of the species-temperature covariances. The balance of the second-order CMC equation showed that turbulent transport across spatial composition gradients initiates generation of conditional variances.     

Assessment of dynamic closure for premixed combustion large eddy simulation

Turbulent piloted Bunsen flames of stoichiometric methane–air mixtures are computed using the large eddy simulation (LES) paradigm involving an algebraic closure for the filtered reaction rate. This closure involves the filtered scalar dissipation rate of a reaction progress variable. The model for this dissipation rate involves a parameter β_c representing the flame front curvature effects induced by turbulence, chemical reactions, molecular dissipation, and their interactions at the sub-grid level, suggesting that this parameter may vary with filter width or be a scale-dependent. Thus, it would be ideal to evaluate this parameter dynamically by LES. A procedure for this evaluation is discussed and assessed using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data and LES calculations. The probability density functions of β_c obtained from the DNS and LES calculations are very similar when the turbulent Reynolds number is sufficiently large and when the filter width normalised by the laminar flame thermal thickness is larger than unity. Results obtained using a constant (static) value for this parameter are also used for comparative evaluation. Detailed discussion presented in this paper suggests that the dynamic procedure works well and physical insights and reasonings are provided to explain the observed behaviour.     

Simulations of turbulent lifted jet flames with two-dimensional conditional moment closure

Simulations of H₂ air lifted jet flames are presented, obtained in terms of two-dimensional, first-order conditional moment closure (CMC). The unsteady CMC equation with detailed chemistry is solved without the need for operator splitting, while the accompanying flow field is determined using commercial CFD software employing a k − ε turbulence model. Computed lift-off heights and Favre-averaged species mole fractions are found to be very close to values obtained experimentally for a wide range of jet velocities and fuel–air mixtures. Simulations for which the initial condition is an attached flame and the jet velocity gradually increased do not result in lift-off, a result fully consistent with experimental observation and capturing the hysteresis behaviour of lifted flames. The stabilisation mechanism is explored by quantifying the balance of terms comprising the CMC in the lift-off region. In line with experimental data, it is found that the scalar dissipation rate at the stabilisation height is well below the extinction value, and that axial transport and molecular diffusion play a major role. The radial components of spatial convection and diffusion are always small, fully justifying the alternative approach of employing a cross-stream averaged CMC.     

高功率激光系统空间滤波小孔等离子体特性

 为解决高功率固体激光系统空间滤波小孔堵孔问题,针对空间滤波小孔中的等离子体溅射现象,对等离子体扩散１维分布模型进行了分析。分别对铝、金和碳等3种典型材料１维分布情况及扩散速度进行了数值模拟,得到等离子体扩散速度大约为107 cm/s。根据模拟计算结果,分析了神光Ⅲ原型装置助推放大级的堵孔风险,结果表明,在长脉冲情况下等离子体溅射造成的影响不可忽略。     

Modeling evaporation effects in conditional moment closure for spray autoignition

Simulations of an n-heptane spray autoigniting under conditions relevant to a diesel engine are performed using two-dimensional, first-order conditional moment closure (CMC) with full treatment of spray terms in the mixture fraction variance and CMC equations. The conditional evaporation term in the CMC equations is closed assuming interphase exchange to occur at the droplet saturation mixture fraction values only. Modeling of the unclosed terms in the mixture fraction variance equation is done accordingly. Comparison with experimental data for a range of ambient oxygen concentrations shows that the ignition delay is overpredicted. The trend of increasing ignition delay with decreasing oxygen concentration, however, is correctly captured. Good agreement is found between the computed and measured flame lift-off height for all conditions investigated. Analysis of source terms in the CMC temperature equation reveals that a convective–reactive balance sets in at the flame base, with spatial diffusion terms being important, but not as important as in lifted jet flames in cold air. Inclusion of droplet terms in the governing equations is found to affect the mixture fraction variance field in the region where evaporation is the strongest, and to slightly increase the ignition delay time due to the cooling associated with the evaporation. Both flame propagation and stabilization mechanisms, however, remain unaffected.     

针孔点背光技术实验

在“星光Ⅱ”装置上进行针孔点背光技术的演示实验.利用激光辐照φ50μm的小孔产生的堵孔效应使X光的脉宽缩短,起到类似于短脉冲点背光源的作用.另外利用成像方法,实验演示了由面背光方式获得点背光技术,称之为点针孔背光技术.实验结果表明：结合堵孔效应和点背光方式,能获得与点背光同样的结果,这样可以避开点背光对激光器较为苛刻的要求.     

丰中子Z=96—102同位素链的N=184闭壳

在相对论平均场理论框架下, 首先证明了对力强度存在明显的壳效应, 然后用此方法研究了Z=96—102区域内超重同位素链中中子壳封闭问题, 证明了在超重元素中,N=184处确实存在壳封闭. 并据此给出了一种检验壳封闭的新方法.     

Numerical simulation of the flow within and over an intersection model with Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes method

In this study, the Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) method is employed to simulate the flow within and over an intersection model with three kinds of $k$--$\varepsilon$ turbulence closure schemes, namely, standard model, renormalization group (RNG) model and realizable $k$--$\varepsilon$model. The comparison between the simulated and observed flow fields shows that the RANS simulation with all the three turbulence models cannot completely and accurately reproduce the observed flow field in all details. A detailed comparison between the predicted profiles of wind velocities and the measured data shows that the realizable $k$--$\varepsilon$ model is the best one among the three turbulence closure models in general. However, the extent to which the improvement is achieved by the realizable $k$--$\varepsilon$ model is still not enough to completely and accurately describe the turbulent flow in a relatively complex environment.