600MeV 40Ar+197Au反应碎片角分布

在4π立体角范围内收集反应产物,采用离束γ射线测量方法测量了600MeV ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁹⁷Au反应的给定质量数的碎片角分布.讨论了中能重离子反应碎片角分布特征和产生碎片的反应机制.     

46.2MeV/u 12C+64Ni、58Ni反应中发射的轻粒子和复杂碎片

用光二极管读出的CsI(Tl)闪烁探测器和多叠层硅望远镜,测量了46.2MeV/u ¹²C引起各种靶⁶⁴Ni、⁵⁸Ni、¹²C、¹⁹⁷Au、²⁰⁹Bi反应中所发射的轻粒子和中等质量碎片,这些探测器对轻粒子和中等质量碎片有很好的能量分辨和质量分辨.单举的能谱用运动源模型进行了分析,对各种靶在不同角度的中等质量碎片的产额进行了比较.由单举数据推出同位素产额比随靶质量变化的系统性,讨论了N/Z自由度的平衡.     

46.7MeV/u 12C轰击197Au、115In、58Ni靶时产生的复杂碎片

用气体电离室-半导体位置灵敏探测器望远镜测量了46.7MeV/u ¹²C离子轰击¹⁹⁷Au,¹¹⁵In,⁵⁸Ni靶时,在大角区发射的从Li到Mg的复杂碎片能谱;由各碎片的能谱提取了蒸发源的温度和碎片发射的最可几动能Ep,并与=V_coul+2T计算的平均动能进行了比较,发现实验上提取的最可几动能E_p总是低于计算的.用A.Friedman简单的统计公式对复杂碎片的产额进行粗糙拟合,拟合结果令人满意.     

52Mn,54Mn核的高自旋态研究

利用重离子熔合蒸发反应¹²C+⁴⁸Ti布局⁵²Mn和⁵⁴Mn核的高自旋态. 用14台高纯锗反康谱仪组成的γ探测器阵列测量γ-γ符合. 经过对实验数据的分析, 发现了⁵²Mn和⁵⁴Mn核一些新的能级跃迁. 应用OXBASH程序对⁵²Mn核进行了理论计算与分析, 其结果与实验中测量得到的数值符合得很好.     

155Tm核的能级结构

通过重离子熔合蒸发反应¹⁴²Nd(¹⁹F, 6n)¹⁵⁵Tm来布居¹⁵⁵Tm核的高自旋态. 发现了一些新的γ跃迁, 经过γ-γ符合分析, 建立了新的能级纲图. 利用系统学比较对新建立的¹⁵⁵Tm能级进行了讨论.     

28.7MeV/u的14,16,18O+7,9Be反应中的同位素分布研究

用同位旋相关的Boltzmann-Langevin方程研究了在入射能量为28.7MeV/u下,不同弹核¹⁴O,¹⁶O和¹⁸O轰击不同靶核⁷Be和⁹Be的反应,计算了生成碎片的产生截面,发现用丰中子(缺中子)炮弹或丰中子(缺中子)靶进行反应,所得到的产物均有丰中子(缺中子)的碎片出现.同位素分布宽度和峰位与入射体系密切相关,产生碎片的电荷数越接近入射弹核的电荷数,则同位素分布的宽度越大,峰位偏离β稳定线值越远,其同位旋效应越明显.     

缺中子176Ir核β+/EC衰变研究

在210MeV的束流能量下, 利用重离子熔合蒸发反应¹⁴⁶Nd(³⁵Cl, 5nγ)¹⁷⁶Ir产生具有β⁺/EC衰变性质的核素¹⁷⁶Ir,由氦喷嘴快速带传输系统将反应产物传送到低本底区进行测量. 经过实验数据的离线处理分析,对早先发表的¹⁷⁶Ir衰变γ跃迁进行确认的同时又发现了3个新能级和10条新的γ射线, 丰富了¹⁷⁶Os核的低位激发态能级纲图. 并根据典型γ射线的衰变时间谱建议了¹⁷⁶Ir核的一个长寿命的低自旋同核异能态.     

在30MeV/u 40Ar+159Tb、natAg反应中比较热核两种温度值

用双同位素产额比方法和能谱斜率方法,在110°对30MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁵⁹Tb和^natAg反应得到的热核的温度进行了研究.对于不同的双同位素产额比,同位素温度值相同,为4.6MeV.能谱斜率温度随粒子或复杂碎片的不同而异.从α粒子能谱和质量数小于4的粒子能谱得到的斜率温度均是正常的,但是更重的碎片的斜率温度则高于极限温度Tlim,这可能是更重的碎片发射于复合核形成后的早期阶段,或者是库仑不稳定的发射.同时还分析了斜率温度高于极限温度T_lim的较重碎片能谱随探测角的变化.     

16O+94Zr和16O+116Sn的弹性散射角分布测量

用北京Q3D磁谱仪及其重离子焦面探测器系统测量了两个体系的14个弹性散射角分布,即¹⁶O+⁹⁴Zr体系在52,57,59,62,72,82和92MeV 7个能量点及¹⁶O+¹¹⁶Sn体系在57,59,62,67,72,82和92MeV 7个能量点的弹性散射角分布.用耦合道理论的ECIS计算程序拟合数据,初步观察到了“阈反常”现象.     

25MeV/u 40)Ar+115In,58Ni,27Al反应中前中角区碎片角分布和元素Z分布

测量了25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹¹⁵In,⁵⁸Ni,²⁷A1反应前中角区出射碎片的角分布和元素Z分布.用改进的量子分子动力学(MQMD)模型研究了碎片的角分布和Z分布.理论计算值和实验值整体上符合得很好,但在前角区,MQMD模型低估了碎片的产额,在中角区对于Z接近弹核的碎片,理论计算值比实验值偏高.碎片产物的角分布和Z分布还与统计蒸发模型GEMINI进行了比较,结果表明,在前角区平衡蒸发成份所占的比例很小,中角区所占的比例有所增加,但仍然是较小的比例.同时发现平衡蒸发成份随着出射碎片核电荷数Z的减小而逐渐减少.     

Distribution of DNA fragment sizes after irradiation with ions

Ionizing radiation is responsible for production of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in a DNA structure. In contrast to sparsely ionizing radiation, densely ionizing radiation produces DSBs that are non-randomly distributed along the DNA molecule and can form clusters of various size. The paper discusses minimalistic models that describe observable patterns of fragment length in DNA segments irradiated with heavy ions and applies the formalism to interpret the recent experimental data collected by use of atomic force microscope (AFM).     

Reactive scattering damage to DNA components by hyperthermal secondary ions

We have observed reactive scattering damage to fundamental DNA building blocks by the type of hyperthermal secondary ions that are produced along heavy ion tracks in biological media. Reactions include carbon abstraction by N+, and hydrogen abstraction by O- and N+, at collision energies down to 1 eV. Our results show that localized reactive scattering by hyperthermal secondary fragments can lead to important physicochemical damage to DNA in cells irradiated by heavy ions. This suggests a fundamentally different picture of nascent DNA damage induced by heavy ion tracks, compared to conventional (x or gamma) radiation tracks.     

碳离子辐射诱导秀丽隐杆线虫生殖细胞凋亡研究

重离子辐射具有独特的深度剂量分布和较高的相对生物学效应,被认为是理想的放疗手段。重离子的生物学效应在径迹形成过程中由多个物理参量共同决定,而这些物理参量和离子入射深度紧密相关,因此明确离子不同入射深度的生物学效应对重离子肿瘤放疗方案的设计和优化有着重要的理论和应用价值。使用兰州重离子研究装置HIRFL-CSRe 终端的碳离子束作为辐射源,以活体模式动物线虫作为实验对象,以线虫生殖细胞的凋亡水平作为生物学检测终点,研究了10 和20 Gy 碳离子辐射在辐射的入口、坪区和峰区的当代生物学效应和对后代个体基因组不稳定性的影响。结果表明:10 和20 Gy 碳离子辐射在三个不同的辐照区域内均显著增加了辐射当代的线虫生殖腺细胞的凋亡水平,并表现出一定的辐射区域和辐射剂量依赖性。同时,辐射诱导的后代个体基因组不稳定性也表现出一定的辐射区域和辐射剂量相关性。Heavy ion irradiation is a perfect means in radio-therapy due to its special depth dose distribution and high relative biological effects. The biological effects of heavy ion irradiation are determined by some major physical parameters, and vary along the tracks of heavy ions. Therefore, it is very significant for the tumor radio-therapy to investigate the biological effects along whole range of heavy ion radiation. In the present study, Caenorhabditis elegans, a model in vivo, was irradiated by carbon ion beams from HCRFL-CSRe, The level of germ cell apoptosis of worms was used as a checking endpoint for DNA damage, the effects of carbon irradiation located in the entrance, plateau and peak regions on the genomic instability of the irradiated worm and their progeny were detected. The results showed that the 10 and 20 Gy of carbon ion radiations led to the increased germ cell apoptosis in irradiated worms and these effects depend on the worm location along the range of carbon ions and the irradiation dosage. The results also suggested that heavy ion irradiation induced the up-regulated genomic instability in their progeny, and might be related to both the irradiation dose and the irradiated location.     

Surface modifications by swift heavy-ion irradiation of indium phosphide

InP (001) samples were irradiated with 200 MeV Au ions at different fluences. The surface nanotopographical changes due to increasing fluence of swift heavy ions were observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), where the onset of a large increase in surface roughness for fluences sufficient to cause complete surface amorphization was observed. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to observe bulk-ion tracks that formed in InP, and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) revealed that single-ion tracks might not be amorphous in nature. Surface-ion tracks were observed by AFM in the form of ill-defined pits (hollows) of ~12 nm in diameter (width). In addition, Rutherford backscattering was utilized to follow the formation of disorder to amorphization in the irradiated material. The interpretation of the large increase in surface roughness with the onset of amorphization can be attributed to the plastic phenomena induced by the change of states from crystalline to amorphous by ion irradiation. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

碳离子辐照对神经胶质瘤干细胞杀伤的研究

虽然重离子束治癌已经被证明有着射程精确、入口坪区剂量小、相对生物学效应高等显著优点,但重离子辐照对肿瘤干细胞所产生的辐射生物学效应特性依旧不明确。本研究使用人源神经胶质瘤干细胞来研究在面对肿瘤干细胞时,重离子相对于传统X射线是否有明显的生物学优势。实验结果证明,在神经胶质瘤干细胞中,2 Gy碳离子造成的DNA损伤的修复率比X射线造成的损伤修复率要低;MTT实验则证明经过碳离子辐照的肿瘤干细胞活力要比X射线辐照的肿瘤干细胞低得多。综上所述,面对神经胶质瘤干细胞,碳离子能更有效地靶向肿瘤干细胞从而相对于传统X射线有明显的生物学优势。这些发现对于更好地理解重离子束治癌相关的生物学效应有重要的作用。Though heavy-ion therapy has demonstrated significant benefits such as well-defined range, small entrance dose and high relative biological effectiveness, the characteristics of radio-biological effects on cancer stem cells induced by heavy-ion treatment is not completely clear. In this paper, we used human glioma cancer stem cells to investigate whether heavy ions offered a biological advantage, by effectively targeting cancer stem cells, in comparison to conventional X-rays. Our results showed that the repair rate of DNA damage generated by 2 Gy of carbon ions was lower than that generated by X-rays in glioma stem cells. MTT assay showed that the viability of cancer stem cells irradiated by carbon ions was significant lower than that irradiated by X-rays. Taken together, carbon ions showed a biological advantage over X-rays by effectively targeting glioma cancer stem cells. These findings have significant importance in understanding the biological effects related to heavy-ion therapy.     

利用HIRFL高能重离子束的核能材料辐照损伤研究

载能重离子与高能中子在材料中能够产生相似的级联碰撞损伤,加之重离子具有大的离位损伤截面和在材料样品中低的感生放射性,载能重离子束成为模拟先进核能装置内部结构材料辐照损伤的重要手段。HIRFL能区的重离子在结构材料中的射程一般远大于晶粒尺寸,因此能够产生材料体损伤,借助小样品技术可以获得材料力学性能变化（尤其辐照脆化）的有用信息,为探讨材料辐照损伤微结构和宏观力学性能变化的关联提供了重要条件。本文简要介绍了近年来我们基于HIRFL高能离子束开展的聚变堆候选材料辐照损伤的研究,包括低活化钢的辐照脆化行为、氧化物弥散强化（ODS）铁素体钢的结构优化对于抗辐照性能的影响、不同载能粒子辐照条件下铁素体/马氏体钢的辐照肿胀数据的关联,以及高能重离子辐照的钨材料中氢同位素的滞留行为。研究表明,结合特殊的测试技术及数据分析方法,高能重离子可作为核能结构材料辐照损伤研究及评估的有效手段。Because of the similarity in cascade damage structure in materials produced by energetic heavy ions and by fast neutrons, and the high displacement rate and low induced radioactivity of samples by heavy ions, heavy ion beam becomes an important tool to simulate radiation damage by energetic neutrons in materials in advanced nuclear energy systems. The ranges of heavy ions provided by HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) are generally much larger than the mean dimensions of grains in alloys candidate to advanced nuclear reactors, and is capable of producing radiation damage in bulk scale. It therefore makes possible the evaluation of change of mechanical properties including the radiation induced embrittlement from the irradiated specimens by using miniaturized specimen techniques. In the present paper, we provide an introduction of our recent studies of radiation damage of materials candidate to future fusion reactors by utilizing heavy ion beams in HIRFL.The studies include issues as follows:ductility loss of RAFM steels causes by high-energy Ne ions, impact of oxide dispersoids on the radiation resistance of ODS ferritic steels, correlation of void swelling of ferritic/martensitic steels under different particle irradiation, and behavior of deuterium retention in tungsten under irradiation with high-energy heavy ions. The results show that high-energy heavy ions can be used as a tool to efficiently investigate or evaluate radiation damage in structure materials if combined with some special test techniques and data analysis.     

Swift heavy ion irradiation effects on carbonyl and trans-vinylene groups in high and low density polyethylene

In this work, we have studied the effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on the creation of new functional groups in high and low density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE). Polymers were irradiated with different ions (6.77 MeV He and 47 MeV Li) and fluences. The induced changes were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Creation and damage cross sections for some groups were compared for two different types of PE.     

Formation of Direct and Enzymatic DNA Double-Strand Breaks in the Presence of Repair Inhibitors after Exposure to Radiations of Different Quality

With the use of the DNA comet assay and immunocytochemical staining, regularities have been studied in the induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs) in human cells after exposure to ⁶⁰Co γ-rays and accelerated heavy ions with different linear energy transfer (LET) in the presence of the DNA repair inhibitors cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea. It is shown that for heavy ions the agents’ modifying effect decreases with increasing particles’ LET. The approach involving DNA synthesis inhibitors used in this study allows an estimation of the proportion of enzymatic DNA DSBs in total DSB yield after exposure to ionizing radiations of different quality.     

The influence of DNA inhibitor synthesis on the induction and repair of double-strand DNA breaks in human lymphocytes under action of radiation with a different linear energy transfer

The influence that inhibitors of repair and replicative DNA synthesis, 1-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine and hydroxyurea, have on the formation and repair kinetics of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in peripheral human blood lymphocytes under the influence of radiation with a different linear energy transfer (LET) (gamma quanta and accelerated heavy ions) is studied. It is demonstrated that lithium and boron ions with LETs of 20 and 40 keV/μm, respectively, possess higher biological effectiveness with respect to the DNA DSB induction criterion. The value of the relative biological effectiveness of accelerated lithium and boron ions is 1.5 ± 0.1 and 1.6 ± 0.1, respectively. It is found that, upon cell irradiation by gamma quanta in the absence of inhibitors, efficient DNA DSB repair is observed during incubation. Under the conditions of cell incubation and in the presence of inhibitors, some growth in the number of DNA DSBs, rather than a reduction, is observed after 5-h incubation. In the case of the action of accelerated boron ions (as well as gamma quanta), under normal conditions, the efficient repair of induced DNA lesions takes place. Unlike the action of gamma quanta, in the case of cell incubation in the presence of radiomodifiers, the number of induced DNA DSBs falls. These results may testify to the fact that the repair of double-strand DNS breaks takes place under the action of ionizing radiation with a different LET on mammalian cells in the presence of DNA synthesis inhibitors Ara-C and HU. It is concluded that, for cells subject to gamma irradiation, no DNA DSB repair is observed due to the large contribution of single-strand incision DNA breaks formed in the postradiation period in the course of excision nucleotide repair.     

Transmission measurement based on STM observation to detect the penetration depth of low-energy heavy ions in botanic samples

The penetration depth of low-energy heavy ions in botanic samples was detected with a new transmission measurement. In the measurement, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) pieces were placed behind the botanic samples with certain thickness. During the irradiation of heavy ions with energy of tens of keV, the energetic particles transmitted from those samples were received by the HOPG pieces. After irradiation, scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was applied to observe protrusion-like damage induced by these transmitted ions on the surface of the HOPG. The statistical average number density of protrusions and the minimum transmission rate of the low-energy heavy ions can be obtained. The detection efficiency of the new method for low-energy heavy ions was about 0.1-1 and the background in the measurement can be reduced to as low as 1.0 x 10(8) protrusions/cm2. With this method, the penetration depth of the energetic particles was detected to be no less than 60 micrometers in kidney bean slices when the slices were irradiated by 100 keVAr+ ion at the fluence of 5 x 10(16) ions/cm2.