Study of multipacting effect in superconducting cavity

A number of superconducting cavities of axis-symmetric geometry have been considered to study the effect in order to achieve the desired performance.It is shown that the multipacting effect is strongly dependent on the condition of the RF surface and can be suppressed with reconsideration of the geometry.The simulation result is compared with the result of the semi-analytical model in the end.     

On non‐equilibrium photon distributions in the Casimir effect

The electromagnetic field in a typical geometry of the Casimir effect is described in the Schwinger–Keldysh formalism. The main result is the photon distribution function (Keldysh Green function) in any stationary state of the field. A two‐plate geometry with a sliding interface in local equilibrium is studied in detail, and full agreement with the results of Rytov fluctuation electrodynamics is found.     

TE11模式增强型高效率同轴虚阴极振荡器

 在阴阳极严格同轴的条件下，理论分析表明同轴虚阴极振荡器中TE₁₁模式与TM₀₁模式与径向入射电子束的谐振耦合具有近似的作用效率。3维PIC数值模拟结果显示，即使在圆对称结构下，输出波导中非角向均匀模式在输出功率中也占有较大成分。因此，同轴虚阴极振荡器中TE11模式与电子束之间的谐振作用对器件效率的影响不可忽略。通过引入结构的不对称性以及TE11模式反射器可以抑制电子束与TM₀₁模式之间的谐振作用，从而起到抑制同轴虚阴极振荡器系统中模式竞争的作用，因此可以提高电子束到微波的功率转换效率。实验结果表明，采用阴阳极非均匀对称结构的TE₁₁模式增强型同轴虚阴极振荡器可以大幅度提高效率，在优化参数条件下获得功率转换效率约7％，输出功率大于1.0 GW的实验结果，该功率约为近似严格同轴结构的2.5倍。该研究结果可以为高效率同轴虚阴极振荡器装置设计与实验结果分析提供基本理论依据以及参数确定基础。     

Gravitational constant in f(R) theories of gravity with non-minimal coupling between matter and geometry

We study the effect of the non-minimal coupling between matter and geometry on the gravitational constant in the context of f(R) theories of gravity on cosmic scales. For a class of f(R) models,the result shows that the value of the gravitational constant not only changes over time but also has the dampened oscillation behavior.Compared with the result of the standard ACDM model, the consequence suggests that the coupling between matter and geometry should be weak.     

Rayleigh-Taylor instability of multi-fluid layers in cylindrical geometry

Rayleigh-Taylor instability of three fluid layers with two interfaces in cylindrical geometry is investigated analytically.The growth rates and the amplitudes of perturbation on the two interfaces are obtained. The feedback factor from outer to inner interface is larger than that from inner to outer interface under the same conditions. The growth rate on the initially unstable interface is larger than the corresponding result in planar geometry for low mode perturbation. The two interfaces are decoupled for a larger mode number perturbation. The dependencies of the amplitudes of perturbation on different initial conditions are analyzed. The negative feedback effect from initially stable interface to another unstable interface is observed. In the limit of infinity inner radius and finite shell thickness, the results in planar geometry are recovered.     

Hawking black body spectrum from tunneling mechanism

We obtain, using a reformulation of the tunneling mechanism, the Hawking black body spectrum with the appropriate temperature for a black hole. This is a new result in the tunneling formalism of discussing Hawking effect. Our results are given for a spherically symmetric geometry that is asymptotically flat.     

Giant quantum oscillations of the skin layer in semimetals

We study theoretically the effect of electron energy quantization in a magnetic field on the penetration of radio waves into a semimetal in a geometry in which a constant magnetic field H is directed along the trigonal axis of a crystal. In this geometry, strong magnetic Landau damping in semimetals prevents wave propagation and is responsible for the skin effect. It is shown that quantization of the transverse energy of electrons considerably influences the effectiveness of collisionless absorption of the wave. As a result, the magnetic Landau damping and the skin depth experience giant oscillations upon a change in magnetic field H.     

Frequency map analysis of the 3D vibrational dynamics of the LiCN/LiNC molecular system

The Casimir effect is a force arising in the macroscopic world as a result of radiation pressure of vacuum fluctuations. It thus plays a key role in the emerging domain of nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS). This role is reviewed in the present paper, with discussions of the influence of the material properties of the mirrors, as well as the geometry dependence of the Casimir effect between corrugated mirrors. In particular, the lateral component of the Casimir force and restoring torque between metal plates with misaligned corrugations are evaluated.     

基于随机表面微面元理论的二向反射分布函数几何衰减因子修正

现有几何光学方法的二向反射分布函数BRDF (bidirectional reflection distribution function)模型在计算阴影遮蔽效应时普遍应用Blinn几何衰减效应假设, 其等倾角V形槽近似得出的分段折线形式的几何衰减因子导致BRDF曲线存在较大的误差. 基于倾斜角随机高斯分布的微面元理论提出了一种新的几何衰减模型, 得出了积分形式的几何衰减因子表达式, 数值模拟比较了Blinn几何衰减因子与修正后的积分型衰减因子以及对应的BRDF模型曲线. 结果表明: 提出的几何衰减因子在物理合理性以及模拟精度方面都有明显提升, 使BRDF模型曲线与已有BRDF 数据之间的标准误差由0.0636减小到0.0084.     

有机玻璃的几何形状对爆炸切割影响的研究

为了改善现有的航空弹射救生系统,提高飞行员安全逃生的成功率,提出了微爆索切割技术在航空穿盖弹射救生系统中的应用。采用非线性动力显式程序LS-DYNA3D,对有机玻璃平板元件、航空舱盖的微爆索切割过程进行了数值计算分析,得到了不同装药量下有机玻璃平板元件、航空舱盖的切割深度,对比了有机玻璃的几何形状对微爆索切割深度的影响。模拟结果表明:有机玻璃平板切割实验对航空舱盖切割实验具有一定的指导意义,研究结果也可为微爆索线性切割航空舱盖的实验设计提供依据。     

Towards uniqueness of degenerate axially symmetric Killing horizon

For near horizon geometry we examine the linearized equations around extremal Kerr horizon (which is a unique axially symmetric near horizon geometry) and give some arguments towards stability of this horizon with respect to generic (non-symmetric) linear perturbation of near horizon geometry. The result is also applicable for other situations like Kundt’s class spacetimes or isolated horizons.     

On the theory of nonlinear dopplerons in metals

The possibility of the nonlinear wave propagation occurring in metals, such as cadmium, in the geometry where a constant magnetic field H is directed at an angle with respect to the hexagonal axis of the crystal has been investigated theoretically. In the linear regime in this geometry, there is a significant magnetic Landau damping, which prevents propagation of waves. It has been shown that the electron trapping by the magnetic field of a wave can substantially decrease the efficiency of this damping. As a result, the propagation of a doppleron, i.e., the mode related to the Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance of electrons, becomes possible. It has been noted that a similar “bleaching” effect should also take place in some other metals.     

Coupling effects of depletion interactions in a three-sphere colloidal system

In a three-sphere system, the middle sphere is acted upon by two opposite depletion forces from the other two spheres. It is found that, in this system, the two depletion forces are coupled with each other and result in a strengthened depletion force. So the difference of the depletion forces of the three-sphere system and its corresponding two two-sphere systems is introduced to describe the coupling effect of the depletion interactions. The numerical results obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations show that this coupling effect is affected by both the concentration of small spheres and the geometrical confinement. Meanwhile, it is also found that the mechanisms of the coupling effect and the effect on the depletion force from the geometry factor are the same.     

散射粒子的相互作用对He(e,3e)五重微分截面的贡献

计算了敲出电子等能分享几何安排下,入射能量分别为5 599 eV和1 099 eV时He(e,3e)反应五重微分截面,并比较在He(e,3e)过程中散射粒子的相互作用和它们之间的干涉效应对五重微分截面的贡献.结果表明,理论计算数据在误差范围内与实验数据基本吻合,并且散射粒子的相互作用以及干涉效应对五重微分截面的影响都是不容忽视的.     

Effect of width on the properties of Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cells

The effect of container geometry on the Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cells has been investigated. The wave heights increase with the width of the cell and a linear function is selected to express the relation between these data and parameters. The wave lengths also increase with the width and are in good agreement with the dispersion relation. In order to reveal the real nature behind these phenomena, we have developed a gap-averaged model to numerically solve this issue and give an analysis of the result to show how these Faraday waves are formed in a Hele-Shaw cell.     

Antisymmetric magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy

While magnetoresistance (MR) has generally been found to be symmetric in applied field in nonmagnetic or magnetic metals, we have observed antisymmetric MR in Co/Pt multilayers. Simultaneous domain imaging and transport measurements show that the antisymmetric MR is due to the appearance of domain walls that run perpendicular to both the magnetization and the current, a geometry existing only in materials with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. As a result, the extraordinary Hall effect gives rise to circulating currents in the vicinity of the domain walls that contributes to the MR. The antisymmetric MR and extraordinary Hall effect have been quantitatively accounted for by a theoretical model.     

The dynamics of ring dark soliton in inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates

The dynamics of the ring dark soliton in an inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) with thin disk-shaped potential trapping is investigated analytically and numerically. Analytical result shows that the ring dark soliton is governed by a variable coefficients Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. The effect of the ring curvature (nonplanar geometry) and the inhomogeneous of the background on soliton amplitude and the emitted radiation profiles are obtained analytically. The theoretical results are confirmed by the direct numerical results.     

A time-resolved imaging study of Cr (I) emissions from a laserplasma formed on a sample at nonnormal incidence

The effect of sample orientation on atomic emission in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was studied using time-resolved imaging and spectroscopy. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of sampling geometry on the analytical performance of the LIBS measurement. The results obtained indicate that atoms are ejected perpendicular to the sample surface independent of the angle-of-incidence of the laser pulse. This result is consistent with previous work by others. In addition, it was found that the observed LIBS atomic emission intensities were maximum for normal laser pulse incidence, reached a minimum at 50° angle-of-incidence, and then increased as the sample was rotated to higher angles-of-incidence     

A Phase Transition for Circle Maps and Cherry Flows

We study C ² weakly order preserving circle maps with a flat interval. The main result of the paper is about a sharp transition from degenerate geometry to bounded geometry depending on the degree of the singularities at the boundary of the flat interval. We prove that the non-wandering set has zero Hausdorff dimension in the case of degenerate geometry and it has Hausdorff dimension strictly greater than zero in the case of bounded geometry. Our results about circle maps allow to establish a sharp phase transition in the dynamics of Cherry flows.     

Automation of a neutron diffractometer for analysis of residual stress inside complex engineering components

Residual stress measurement using neutron diffraction is becoming an increasingly important tool in engineering stress analysis. To this effect, a new generation of dedicated engineering strain instruments are being built at neutron sources, offering considerable improvements in both counting time and spatial resolution. Alongside these improvements, measurements in complex geometry prototype components are increasingly in demand. As a result, there is a strong drive towards integrated sample positioning systems that allow for simplified setup and operating of experiments on components with complex geometries.