基于数据驱动的弹射救生可视化软件开发

以第三代弹射救生系统为基本仿真对象,根据实际座椅系统的工作过程,基于Unity3D游戏引擎,数据驱动3DsMax建模软件建立的三维仿真实体模型,结合基于C#编程开发语言的Visual Studio 2010开发平台,利用计算机图形图像生成技术,将弹射救生过程中的相关信息以三维图像直观地显示出来,表现人椅系统出舱过程、离机过程和人伞系统工作过程在真实的实验数据驱动下弹射救生全过程。通过开发弹射救生可视化软件系统,把弹射救生这一复杂过程直观形象地展现出来,为研究防护救生技术提供一条行之有效的手段。     

铅壳柔爆索爆炸特性实验研究

 对直径为2.0 mm的铅壳柔爆索的爆炸特性进行了系统的实验研究。测得这种柔爆索爆速为D_J=(6.95±0.06) km/s。其爆炸产生的铅粒子非常小,粒度小于5 μm的铅粒子的总质量约占铅壳质量的40%。对柔爆索爆炸产生的铅粒子的飞散速度及冲量大小也进行了研究。     

复杂激光系统中平板光学元件的调频-调幅效应的研究

为了抑制大口径光学元件中的受激Brillouin散射效应,并满足打靶过程中束匀滑的要求, 目前高能激光驱动器大都采用了正弦相位调制脉冲.然而,这类脉冲在复杂激光系统中传输时, 会出现明显的调频-调幅(FM-to-AM)效应.研究这种效应的来源,对提升激光系统的整体输出性能至关重要. 对复杂激光系统中一直被人们所忽视的平板光学元件带来的FM-to-AM效应进行了理论研究和数值模拟. 数值模拟结果表明,通过平板光学元件的次数越多调制深度越大,呈线性递增趋势,当通过次数为10次时, 调制深度高达22.2%;并且平板光学元件对各谱线的过滤也各不相同,当前端选用的中心波长为1054 nm时, 平板光学对各谱线的过滤作用非常小.提出通过改变中心波长来减小FM-to-AM效应, 这对于复杂激光系统的设计具有重要的指导意义.     

基于激光火工系统的烟火泵浦激光技术

为研究烟火泵浦激光输出性能,对烟火泵浦激光器中泵浦源与激光晶体棒进行匹配实验研究和烟火泵浦激光器出光实验研究,以及烟火泵浦激光器光纤耦合输出实验研究。实验结果表明:烟火泵浦激光器选用锆氧闪光灯作为泵浦源,与工作物质为Nd∶YAG激光工作物质是相匹配的,烟火泵浦激光器输出能量4.82 J,满足烟火泵浦激光火工系统的能量输出需要;烟火泵浦激光器光纤耦合输出能量2.87 J,光纤耦合装置耦合效率达到50%以上,为烟火泵浦激光器用于战斗机舱盖抛放、飞行员座椅弹射逃生等火工系统研究提供了重要的技术支持。     

乳化油滴微爆规律的研究

本文分析了微爆研究中存在的问题，分别用实验与理论方法研究了乳化油滴的微爆规律．利用局部混合分阶段模型，结合微爆条件及判断微爆的指标，预报的微爆与实验相吻合，说明了模型的合理性．分析了多种因素对微爆的影响，发现柴油机内细小乳化油液的微爆很难达到．     

简单光学成像技术及其研究进展

计算成像为光学成像系统提供了更强大的信息获取能力,通过在成像链路中引入编解码过程,在增大信息量的同时降低系统的复杂度,为实现更简单和更智能的成像系统奠定了基础.本文总结了以计算成像为基础的简单光学成像技术的发展.简单光学以小型化和集成化的成像元件与系统为目标,将光学系统设计与图像处理算法进行联合优化,在小尺寸、低质量和低功耗的系统中实现与复杂光学系统相媲美的成像效果.随着微纳加工技术的发展,简单光学元件从单透镜或少片透镜逐渐发展到衍射光学元件、二元光学元件和超构表面等平板光学元件.复原算法中总结了正向求解算法、基于模型的优化迭代算法和深度学习人工智能算法.本文介绍了深度成像、高分辨与超分辨成像、大视场和大景深成像等技术,以及简单光学在消费电子、自动驾驶、机器视觉、安防监控和元宇宙等领域发挥的作用,并对未来的发展进行展望.     

空间形体定位及其包络的最小间距

在滑轨试验中,弹射救生系统包络的最小间距变化是很有意义的数据。这一数据的获取就是将运动的空间目标作为相应的标准形体、进行空间定位进而讨论其最小间距的过程。本文将要介绍的是这一过程中主要问题解决的基本思想和程序框图。     

连续微光学元件在光刻胶上的面形控制

介绍了连续微光学元件在光刻胶上的面形控制方法。分析了光刻胶及显影液在制人和二元和连续元件中所存在差别;导出具有倒易关系的浮雕深度表达式和适用的范围,并以此指导面形的控制,对光刻胶进行适当的发行以适应连续微光学元件的制作。本文还给出实验验证,制作了多种质量优良的微光学元件,并对典型元件的面形进行了评价。     

单个飞秒激光作用下熔融石英的微爆阈值研究

对飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质中产生微爆的物理机制进行了研究,比较了长短激光脉冲的光击穿机制,基于Fokker-Planck方程建立了飞秒激光微爆模型,给出了飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质中产生微爆的阈值解析表达式.针对飞秒激光脉冲在熔石英介质中的微爆阈值进行了计算,得到的结果与实验结果基本相符.     

新型平板热管相变换热器储放能过程的研究

将新型平板热管作为换热元件引入相变蓄热系统,研制了一套新型的平板热管式相变蓄热换热器。蓄热换热器采用石蜡作为蓄热材料,对其蓄、放热过程进行了实验研究,得到了不同时刻换热器内石蜡温度分布。改变供、取热流体温度,分析了流体入口温度对换热器蓄放热过程的影响,分析了新型平板热管在蓄放热过程的均温性能以及换热器的蓄放热效率。结果表明,新型平板热管相变换热器蓄、放热效果良好。     

Ultrasonically assisted turning of aviation materials: simulations and experimental study

Ultrasonically assisted turning of modern aviation materials is conducted with ultrasonic vibration (frequency f approximately 20 kHz, amplitude a approximately 15 microm) superimposed on the cutting tool movement. An autoresonant control system is used to maintain the stable nonlinear resonant mode of vibration throughout the cutting process. Experimental comparison of roughness and roundness for workpieces machined conventionally and with the superimposed ultrasonic vibration, results of high-speed filming of the turning process and nanoindentation analyses of the microstructure of the machined material are presented. The suggested finite-element model provides numerical comparison between conventional and ultrasonic turning of Inconel 718 in terms of stress/strain state, cutting forces and contact conditions at the workpiece/tool interface.     

Laser cutting of polymeric materials: An experimental investigation

The CO₂ laser cutting of three polymeric materials namely polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is investigated with the aim of evaluating the effect of the main input laser cutting parameters (laser power, cutting speed and compressed air pressure) on laser cutting quality of the different polymers and developing model equations relating input process parameters with the output. The output quality characteristics examined were heat affected zone (HAZ), surface roughness and dimensional accuracy. Twelve sets of tests were carried out for each of the polymer based on the central composite design. Predictive models have been developed by response surface methodology (RSM). First-order response models for HAZ and surface roughness were presented and their adequacy was tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was found that the response is well modeled by a linear function of the input parameters. Response surface contours of HAZ and surface roughness were generated. Mathematical model equations have been presented that estimate HAZ and surface roughness for various input laser cutting parameters. Dimensional accuracies of laser cutting on polymers were examined by dimensional deviation of the actual value from the nominal value. From the analysis, it has been observed that PMMA has less HAZ, followed by PC and PP. For surface roughness, PMMA has better cut edge surface quality than PP and PC. The response models developed can be used for practical purposes by the manufacturing industry. However, all three polymeric materials showed similar diameter errors tendency in spite of different material properties.     

船用烟火信号光强测试技术研究

救生信号弹是民用船只海上救生的必要设备,其质量的好坏直接关系到人身安全。根据照度距离平方反比定律,结合光电技术和计算机辅助技术,研究救生信号弹的信号光强测试,构建测试系统。通过编写的测试软件,将测得的信号直接输入计算机,并直观地显示结果。实现了简易、快速测量救生信号弹发光强度和遮光率的目的。实验证明：该系统稳定可靠,并且符合生产企业生产过程在线检测的需要。     

Simultaneous imaging for surface and internal structure of polymer blend thin films

A novel experimental technique for three-dimensional (3D) visualization of phase-separated structure of polymer blend thin film was proposed. Polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) blend thin films with the thickness of approximately 100 nm were cut at extremely low angle by utilizing surface and interface cutting analysis system (SAICAS), and the cross-section was exposed as gradient surface with the width of approximately 2.5 μm. SFM investigation for the grazing cross-section imaged the detailed internal and surface phase separated structure of the (PS/PMMA) blend thin films on one image.     

Underwater femtosecond laser micromachining of thin nitinol tubes for medical coronary stent manufacture

Microprofiling of medical coronary stents has been dominated by the use of Nd:YAG lasers with pulse lengths in the range of a few milliseconds, and material removal is based on the melt ejection with a high-pressure gas. As a result, recast and heat-affected zones are produced, and various post-processing procedures are required to remove these defects. This paper reports a new approach of machining stents in submerged conditions using a 100-fs pulsed laser. A?comparison is given of dry and underwater femtosecond laser micromachining techniques of nickel–titanium alloy (nitinol) typically used as the material for coronary stents. The characteristics of laser interactions with the material have been studied. A femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser system (wavelength of 800?nm, pulse duration of 100?fs, repetition rate of 1?kHz) was used to perform the cutting process. It is observed that machining under a thin water film resulted in no presence of heat-affected zone, debris, spatter or recast with fine-cut surface quality. At the optimum parameters, the results obtained with dry cutting showed nearly the same cut surface quality as with cutting under water. However, debris and recast formation still appeared on the dry cut, which is based on material vaporization. Physical processes involved during the cutting process in a thin water film, i.e. bubble formation and shock waves, are discussed.     

PMMA/凝胶玻璃复合材料作为非线性有机分子掺杂基质的研究

对分散红1（DR1）掺杂聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）／凝胶玻璃复合材料的光学二阶非线笥及其热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,PMMA／凝胶玻璃作为一种有机／无机复合材料,是介于胶玻璃和PMMA之间的一种非线性有机分子掺杂基质。随复合材料中凝胶玻璃含量增多,所制备的非线性材料的热稳定性能变好。对非线性和热稳定性的折衷考虑,获得了制备光学二阶非线笥基质材料先体PMMA和正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）的最佳混合比例。     

行波管中多级降压收集极效率评估的研究

在行波管中,多级降压收集极(MDC)效率由于其与总效率的关系密切而显得非常重要. 而在设计MDC之前对其效率和行波管的总效率进行准确的评估可以把握管子的整体性能, 并为相关软件的开发提供理论指导,因而对MDC的优化和行波管总效率的提高具有十分重要的意义. 虽然Kosmahl在1980年就给出了MDC的效率评估公式,但其预测值比实测值偏高较多, 因而需要更为准确的评估公式.本文首先引入耗散公差的概念, 然后建立作用完电子注等差三角能量分布模型推导了MDC效率评估的公式,与Kosmahl给出的预测相比, 新公式的估计结果更接近实测值.最后根据MDC效率最高和各个电极上耗散能量最低这两个极值条件, 给出了MDC最佳电极级数的选取公式,其预测结果合理而且准确.     

The effect of polymer type on electric breakdown strength on a nanosecond time scale

Based on the concepts of fast polarization,effective electric field and electron impact ionization criterion,the effect of polymer type on electric breakdown strength(E BD) on a nanosecond time scale is investigated,and a formula that qualitatively characterizes the relation between the electric breakdown strength and the polymer type is derived.According to this formula,it is found that the electric breakdown strength decreases with an increase in the effective relative dielectric constants of the polymers.By calculating the effective relative dielectric constants for different types of polymers,the theoretical relation for the electric breakdown strengths of common polymers is predicted.To verify the prediction,the polymers of PE(polyethylene),PTFE(polytetrafluoroethelene),PMMA(organic glass) and Nylon are tested with a nanosecond-pulse generator.The experimental result shows E BD(PTFE) > E BD(PMMA) > E BD(Nylon) > E BD(PE).This result is consistent with the theoretical prediction.     

“强光一号”等离子体开关及负载稳定性分析

"强光一号"等离子体断路开关(POS)及负载二极管系统工作性能不够稳定,通过分析数据指出POS等离子体源参数差异性是导致系统不稳定的主要原因。POS等离子体源参数重复性测量结果表明,在开关断路时刻等离子体源瞬时发射等离子体密度重复性极差在10%左右,而开关区间累积等离子体密度极差超过100%。开关区间累积等离子体密度和阴极重粒子发射会对POS断路性能产生显著影响。计算表明开关区间累积等离子体密度差异对POS断路电流阈值影响达到200kA,与运行数据统计结果一致;在断路电流阈值相同的条件下,阴极物质逸出对二极管电压影响显著,MCNP程序计算结果表明,产生辐射剂量差别可以达到80%,与统计数据相当。