基于时变SJC-Copula对商品期货市场间风险传染的探究

分别选取WIND商品指数和CRB指数作为衡量我国商品期货市场及国际商品期货市场综合价格的指标,利用时变SJC-Copula模型构建两者之间的动态相依结构,通过动态的尾部相关系数来探究我国商品期货市场与国际市场间的尾部相关性.实证结果表明,我国商品期货市场与国际市场间的上尾相关性要强于下尾相关性,即当商品期货价格上涨时,两个市场间更易发生风险传染.     

Likelihood Based Confidence Intervals for the Tail Index

For the estimation of the tail index of a heavy tailed distribution, one of the well-known estimators is the Hill estimator (Hill, 1975). One obvious way to construct a confidence interval for the tail index is via the normal approximation of the Hill estimator. In this paper we apply both the empirical likelihood method and the parametric likelihood method to obtaining confidence intervals for the tail index. Our limited simulation study indicates that the normal approximation method is worse than the other two methods in terms of coverage probability, and the empirical likelihood method and the parametric likelihood method are comparable.     

重尾分布的尾部指数估计及沪深股市实证分析

重尾分布尾部指数α的估计依赖于样本中所用顺序统计量个数k的选取.本文介绍了估计α时选择k的两类不同的方法:Sum-plot方法和Bootstrap方法,并对Hall提出的Bootstrap方法作了改进,称为M-Bootstrap方法.本文利用上述方法对已知分布进行Monte-Carlo模拟,研究它们的可行性,然后对上海和深圳两市股指数据进行了实证分析.计算结果表明,上海和深圳股指收益率具有重尾性.是右偏态的,右尾厚于左尾.通过几种方法计算的结果比较发现Sum-plot方法和M-Bootstrap方法在估计重尾指数上精确性较高一些,而且不受异常值的影响.     

Densities of Ruin-Related Quantities in the Cramér-Lundberg Model with Pareto Claims

In this paper, we consider the classical yet widely applicable Cramér-Lundberg risk model with Pareto distributed claim sizes. Building on the previously known expression for the ruin probability we derive distributions of different ruin-related quantities. The results rely on the theory of scale functions and are intended to illustrate the simplicity and effectiveness of the theory. A particular emphasis is put on the tail behavior of the distributions of ruin-related quantities and their tail index value is established. Numerical illustrations are provided to show the influence of the claim sizes distribution tail index on the tails of the ruin-related quantities distribution.     

Extreme value theory with operator norming

A new approach to extreme value theory is presented for vector data with heavy tails. The tail index is allowed to vary with direction, where the directions are not necessarily along the coordinate axes. Basic asymptotic theory is developed, using operator regular variation and extremal integrals. A test is proposed to judge whether the tail index varies with direction in any given data set.     

沪深股市大盘指数收益率分布尾部的实证研究

通过H ill估计的改进方法对上证综合指数和深圳成分指数的收益率分布的尾部指数进行了参数估计,用χ2检验验证了指数的稳定性及其置信区间.在此基础上提出用尾部指数估计尾概率,达到风险控制的目的.实证研究表明,沪深大盘指数收益率分布具有肥尾的特征,但并不服从无限方差分布.     

On the tail index of a heavy tailed distribution

This paper proposes some new estimators for the tail index of a heavy tailed distribution when only a few largest values are observed within blocks. These estimators are proved to be asymptotically normal under suitable conditions, and their Edgeworth expansions are obtained. Empirical likelihood method is also employed to construct confidence intervals for the tail index. The comparison for the confidence intervals based on the normal approximation and the empirical likelihood method is made in terms of coverage probability and length of the confidence intervals. The simulation study shows that the empirical likelihood method outperforms the normal approximation method.     

Regularly varying random fields

We study the extremes of multivariate regularly varying random fields. The crucial tools in our study are the tail field and the spectral field, notions that extend the tail and spectral processes of Basrak and Segers (2009). The spatial context requires multiple notions of extremal index, and the tail and spectral fields are applied to clarify these notions and other aspects of extremal clusters. An important application of the techniques we develop is to the Brown–Resnick random fields.     

The tail empirical process for long memory stochastic volatility sequences

This paper describes the limiting behaviour of tail empirical processes associated with long memory stochastic volatility models. We show that such a process has dichotomous behaviour, according to an interplay between the Hurst parameter and the tail index. On the other hand, the tail empirical process with random levels never suffers from long memory. This is very desirable from a practical point of view, since such a process may be used to construct the Hill estimator of the tail index. To prove our results we need to establish new results for regularly varying distributions, which may be of independent interest.     

Alternatives to a Semi-Parametric Estimator of Parameters of Rare Events—The Jackknife Methodology*

In this paper, and in a context of regularly varying tails, we propose different alternatives to a well-known estimator of the tail index—the Hill estimator (Hill, 1975). These alternatives have essentially in mind a reduction in bias, preferably without increasing Mean Square Error, by the use of suitable Generalized Jackknife methodologies (Gray and Schucany, 1972). The first estimate obtained through this methodolgy is the one introduced by Peng (1998), under a different context. Other Generalized Jackknife estimators are linear combinations of Hill estimators at different levels. This methodology of affine combinations of Hill estimators at different levels may be easily generalized to other semi-parametric estimators of the tail index, like Pickands' estimator (Pickands, 1975) or the Moment's estimator (Dekkers et al., 1989), and consequently to a general real tail index, seeming to be a promising field of research.     

A Diagnostic Plot for Estimating the Tail Index of a Distribution

The problem of estimating the tail index in heavy-tailed distributions is very important in many applications. We propose a new graphical method that deals with this problem by selecting an appropriate number of upper order statistics. We also investigate the method's theoretical properties are investigated. Several real datasets are analyzed using this new procedure and a simulation study is carried out to examine its performance in small, moderate and large samples. The results suggest that the new procedure overcomes many of the shortcomings present in some of the most common techniques—for example, the Hill and Zipf plots—used in the estimation of the tail index, and it performs very competitively when compared with other adaptive threshold procedures based on the asymptotic mean squared error of the Hill estimator.     

金融市场极端日收益数据的广义Pareto分布拟合

本文基于极值理论和方法建立了上证综合指数极端日收益率的广义Pareto模型,并利用所得的模型计算出日收益率的返回水平及其上尾概率。将估计的日收益率模型比较得出,在实施涨跌停板前,日收益率的上尾明显厚于实施涨跌停板后的上尾,说明了实施该制度可以有效的控制股票市场的投机现象,从而降低投资者的收益损失风险。     

iVIX指数与上证50 ETF收益率的相关性实证研究

采用1分钟高频数据,研究iVIX指数与上证50 ETF收益率之间的相关性。运用参数估计和核密度估计描述两者的边缘分布,通过K-S拟合优度检验构建Copula模型。研究表明:Copula模型具有较好的拟合优度,Copula函数相对于Kendall和Spearman分析方法不仅能够捕捉iVIX指数与ETF收益率序列间的秩相关性,而且还能反映iVIX指数与ETF收益率的尾部相关性;iVIX指数与上证50 ETF收益率之间存在负的秩相关性,秩相关性强弱随着不同持有期大致呈现“W”型分布,通过Copula概率密度函数的尾部相关性发现iVIX指数与ETF收益率存在非对称结构特征。     

ARCH族模型对沪市行业指数收益率的实证研究

本文利用ARCH族模型研究沪市行业指数收益率的波动性.通过对各行业指数收益率的分析发现,行业指数收益率是平稳的,但其条件方差是尖峰厚尾的非正态分布且具有明显的ARCH效应.行业指数收益率均具有不同程度"杠杆"效应.外部信息对公用指数和综合指数收益率影响最大.融入相同的风险,它们收益最高.地产指数对外部信息反应迟钝,收益率也不显著.     

Nonlinear autoregressive models with heavy-tailed innovation

In this paper, we discuss the relationship between the stationary marginal tail probability and the innovation's tail probability of nonlinear autoregressive models. We show that under certain conditions that ensure the stationarity and ergodicity, one dimension stationary marginal distribution has the heavy-tailed probability property with the same index as that of the innovation's tail probability.     

Spectral tail processes and max-stable approximations of multivariate regularly varying time series

A regularly varying time series as introduced in Basrak and Segers (2009) is a (multivariate) time series such that all finite dimensional distributions are multivariate regularly varying. The extremal behavior of such a process can then be described by the index of regular variation and the so-called spectral tail process, which is the limiting distribution of the rescaled process, given an extreme event at time 0. As shown in Basrak and Segers (2009), the stationarity of the underlying time series implies a certain structure of the spectral tail process, informally known as the “time change formula”. In this article, we show that on the other hand, every process which satisfies this property is in fact the spectral tail process of an underlying stationary max-stable process. The spectral tail process and the corresponding max-stable process then provide two complementary views on the extremal behavior of a multivariate regularly varying stationary time series.     

Tail dependence between order statistics

In this work, we introduce the s,k-extremal coefficients for studying the tail dependence between the s-th lower and k-th upper order statistics of a normalized random vector. If its margins have tail dependence then so do their order statistics, with the strength of bivariate tail dependence decreasing as two order statistics become farther apart. Some general properties are derived for these dependence measures which can be expressed via copulas of random vectors. Its relations with other extremal dependence measures used in the literature are discussed, such as multivariate tail dependence coefficients, the coefficient η of tail dependence, coefficients based on tail dependence functions, the extremal coefficient ?, the multivariate extremal index and an extremal coefficient for min-stable distributions. Several examples are presented to illustrate the results, including multivariate exponential and multivariate Gumbel distributions widely used in applications.     

Weighted least squares estimators for the Parzen tail index

Periodica Mathematica Hungarica - Estimation of the tail index of heavy-tailed distributions and its applications are essential in many research areas. We propose a class of weighted least squares...     

Clusters of extremes: modeling and examples

We study clusters of threshold exceedances caused by dependence in time series. The clusters are defined as conglomerates containing consecutive threshold exceedances of the series separated by return intervals with consecutive non-exceedances. We derive asymptotic distributions of the cluster and inter-cluster sizes for processes with the extremal index equal to zero, the asymptotic expectation of the inter-cluster size and an exponential rate of convergence of the distribution tail of the return interval between clusters to the stable distribution tail. Distributions of the cluster and inter-cluster sizes of ARMAX, MM and AR(1) processes are obtained.     

基于Copula函数的我国股指期货风险及套期保值实证研究

运用SJC-Copula-GJR模型,计算了持有沪深300股指期货多头和空头两种组合的VaR值和最优投资比例,模型的特点是能够准确地描述尾部相关关系,且其对尾部相关性的描述是非对称的,所得结论为投资者进行风险管理提供了可靠的依据.同时,通过构造加权的非线性相关系数来计算沪深300股指期货最优套期保值比率,解决了分布非正态、期货与现货非线性的问题,准确地度量了股指期货收益率序列的动态相依关系,实证研究表明基于Copula函数的套期保值有效性明显地优于传统模型.