铁掺杂方沸石的合成及其磁性化

采用水热合成法, 按摩尔比n(SiO2):n(Al2O3):n(Na2O):n(Fe3+):n(H2O)=2.3:1:3.9:(0.02, 0.04, 0.08):185配料, 三乙胺为模板剂, 草酸为铁离子的络合剂, 经过室温搅拌成胶, 170 ℃下于不锈钢反应釜晶化60 h, 合成了三种掺杂铁量不同的方沸石, 为了解决粉末沸石分子筛难以从使用料液中分离问题, 对合成铁掺杂方沸石700 ℃下进行氢气还原制得了磁性沸石. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换-红外(FT-IR)光谱和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对制得的产品进行表征. 结果表明, 合成的铁掺杂方沸石与纯方沸石结构相同, 磁性化沸石结构发生了变化. 考察样品对水中氟离子和铅离子的吸附性能发现, 铁掺杂方沸石和磁性沸石对它们的吸附性能没有促进作用.     

Na_2O-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-NaCl-H_2O体系中ANA和SOD沸石膜的水热合成

Na2 O SiO2 Al2 O3 NaCl H2 O体系中,以水玻璃和准一水软铝石为原料,分别在堇青石和玻璃载体上水热合成方沸石(ANA)与方钠石(SOD)沸石膜.研究水含量、反应温度、反应时间与多次合成对膜结晶的影响.用XRD,SEM,EDX表征膜的晶相、形貌和化学组成.堇青石负载方沸石膜在对 95 %(wt.)乙醇水溶液的渗透蒸发实验中,水优先透过沸石膜的选择性显示了晶间孔的醇/水分离作用.非计量的NaCl进入到在玻璃载体上成膜的方钠石笼中,致使该膜显示光致变色效应     

粉煤灰合成Na-X沸石去除废水中镍离子的研究

粉煤灰通过碱熔融 水热法合成了Na-X型沸石,研究了Na-X型沸石的用量、吸附时间、溶液pH值、初始镍离子浓度和温度对废水中镍离子去除效果的影响。结果表明,Na-X型粉煤灰沸石对镍离子的去除性能与化学原料合成的13X相当,明显优于粉煤灰。在20℃,pH值为6,沸石用量10g/L,吸附15min时,对初始浓度为20mg/L~150mg/L的镍离子去除率均可达90%以上。镍离子的吸附过程符合Langmiur吸附等温方程式,其单层吸附量为11.2×10^-3。粉煤灰沸石重复使用5次,对废水中镍离子的去除率仍高达95%,再生性能良好。     

富钾正长岩水热分解生成沸石反应热力学

以安徽某地富钾正长岩粉体为原料,研究其水热碱法分解生成沸石化合物的反应热力学。采用“聚合多面体模型”计算了几种沸石的热力学参数,结合矿物端员组分热力学数据及“混合电解质模型”,构建了富钾正长岩-NaOH-H₂O水热体系平衡热力学模型。反应Gibbs自由能计算结果表明,在160-300 ℃范围内,由富钾正长岩水热分解生成羟钙霞石、方沸石、P型、A型等沸石的反应可自发进行;通过OLI Analyzer 9.3软件对该体系不同条件下的相平衡进行模拟,预测了富钾正长岩水热碱法分解生成羟钙霞石、方沸石的反应条件。通过实验验证,生成的方沸石呈规则的四角三八面体晶型,粒径约50 μm;羟钙霞石呈柱状,长约20 μm,截面尺寸约500 nm-1 μm,K₂O溶出率97%以上。     

天然沸石在水污染控制中的应用

本文综合评述了天然沸石在水污染控制中的应用，包括去除城市废水和工业废水中的氮和磷、放射性废水中的铯和锶以及工业废水中的重金属等。     

氟离子对无胺法合成高硅丝光沸石的结构导向作用

 在含氟无胺体系中合成了高硅丝光沸石，研究了合成条件对丝光沸石产物的影响．结果表明，投料n（SiO2）／n（Al2O3）＝20～200时，控制晶化条件可得到高硅丝光沸石纯相．由含氟无胺体系中丝光沸石的热力学稳定相区可见，氟离子的引入对方沸石的生成的相区无影响，ZSM－5和镁碱沸石生成的相区消失，丝光沸石生成的相区扩大，石英生成的相区缩小，且基本上变为两相共存区．合成产物丝光沸石的硅铝比随着氟硅比的升高同步增大，证明氟离子在无胺合成高硅丝光沸石时具有结构导向作用．     

改性沸石处理含铅废水的试验研究

采用沸石为吸附材料,研究其对废水中Pb2+的吸附作用和机理。研究了吸附剂用量、搅拌时间、pH值以及废水浓度等因素对吸附效果影响的探讨。试验结果表明,利用KCl改性后的沸石0.4g,在pH值为8~9的条件下,处理100mL Pb2+质量浓度为10.11mg/L的废水25min,废水中的Pb2+去除率最高可达99.60%,剩余浓度为0.05mg/L,远低于国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)的一级标准。     

Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3-NaCl-H2O体系中ANA和SOD沸石膜的水热合成

Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3-NaCl-H2O体系中，以水玻璃和准一水软铝石为原料，分别在 堇青石和玻璃载体上水热合成方沸石（ANA）和方钠石（SOD）沸石膜。研究水含量 、反应温度、反应时间与多次合成对膜结晶的影响。用XRD，SEM，EDX表征膜的晶 相、形貌和化学组成。堇青石负载方沸石膜在对95％（wt.)乙醇水溶液的渗透蒸发 实验中，水优先透过沸石膜的选择性显示了晶间孔的醇／水分离作用。非计量的 NaCl进入到在玻璃载体上成膜的方钠石笼中，致使该膜显示光致变色效应。     

沸石分子筛的结构

有些含水的硅铝酸盐矿物晶体受到灼烧时,由于晶体中的水被赶出,产生类似起泡沸腾的现象,称为沸石或泡沸石。已经发现自然界中沸石矿物约有四十多种,除丝光沸石、斜发沸石、方沸石、钙十字沸石等少数几种数量较多外,其他数量都较少。人们认识自然、改造自然,根据沸石的化学组成和形成条件,成功地合成了和沸石矿物结构相似的化合物,迄今已有六、七十种。由于这类晶体具有很空旷的硅氧骨架,在结构中有许多孔径均匀的孔道和内表面很大的孔穴,若将孔穴和孔道内的水加热赶出,就能吸附分子。直径比孔道小的分子能进入孔穴中,直径比孔道大的分子被拒     

粉煤灰制备高纯度NaX型沸石及去除废水中Pb~(2+)的研究

采用经碱熔融-离心提取处理的粉煤灰为原料,经水热反应法两步合成高纯度NaX型沸石。研究了溶液pH值、NaX型沸石的用量及初始摩尔浓度对模拟废水中Pb~(2+)去除效果的影响。结果表明,在25℃,pH值为5.5,NaX型沸石的投加量为1kg/m~3,吸附时间为30min时,对初始摩尔浓度为0.1~1mol/m~3的Pb~(2+)去除率均达到了99%以上。粉煤灰基NaX型沸石对Pb~(2+)的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程和准二级反应动力学过程。     

The kinetics of Cd, Pb and Cr extraction from artificially polluted soils

The kinetics of Cd, Pb and Cr extraction with HCl from polluted chernozem and humous alluvial soils was investigated. The efficiency of the extraction was more than 90% for Cd and more than 80% for Pb. In both cases, the extraction reached the equilibrium state. For Cd and Pb, the metal-ion removal processes in the first 4 h of extraction can be modelled by two simultaneous, pseudo-first-order, irreversible reactions. One of the reactions is fast and can be attributed to H⁺–Mⁿ⁺ exchange reaction occurring on the surface of inorganic minerals as well as in the metal–humic acid complexes and to the dissolution of the water-insoluble precipitates.The minor portion of the metal ions took part in a rather slow reaction, where H⁺ ions exchange with metal ions bound in the internal lattice sites. The slow dissolution of the metal compounds should also be considered. The slow extraction partly can be attributed to slow irreversible processes (e.g., diffusion from the internal lattice sites).In the case of Cr(III), the extraction was found to be a very slow process; the efficiency of removal was less than 25%. The system did not attain the equilibrium state. Presumably, the rates of extraction processes are intermediate between those of the slow and fast reactions.     

Cadmium removal from single- and multi-metal (Cd + Pb + Zn + Cu) solutions by sorption on hydroxyapatite

Heavy metal contamination of waters and soils is particularly dangerous to the living organisms. Different studies have demonstrated that hydroxyapatite has a high removal capacity for divalent heavy metal ions in contaminated waters and soils. The removal of Cd from aqueous solutions by hydroxyapatite was investigated in batch conditions at 25+/-2 degrees C. Cadmium was applied both as single- or multi-metal (Cd + Pb + Zn + Cu) systems with initial concentrations from 0 to 8 mmol L(-1). The adsorption capacity of hydroxyapatite in single-metal system ranged from 0.058 to 1.681 mmol of Cd/g of hydroxyapatite. In the multi-metal system competitive metal sorption reduced the removal capacity by 63-83% compared to the single-metal system. The sorption of Cd by hydroxyapatite follows the Langmuir model. Cadmium immobilization occurs through a two-step mechanism: rapid surface complexation followed by partial dissolution of hydroxyapatite and ion exchange with Ca resulting in the formation of a cadmium-containing hydroxyapatite.     

Synthesis of new superabsorbent poly(NIPAAm/AA/N-allylisatin)nanohydrogel for effective removal of As(Ⅴ) and Cd(Ⅱ) toxic metal ions

The present studies highlight the effective removal of As（V） and Cd（II） from aqueous solutions by superabsorbent poly （NIPAAm/AA/N-allylisatin） nanohydrogel. Batch removal studies were performed as a function of treatment time, initial metal ion concentration, pH, and adsorbent dose. TEM micrographs confirm the particle size distribution in the range between 5 nm and 10 rim. The simple and metal ions adsorbed nanohydrogels were characterized by FF-IR, TGA, and EDX analysis. Finally, the equilibrium removal efficiency of the nanohydrogel was analyzed according to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models which showed the removal of As（V） and Cd（II） metal ions fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, respectively. Removal efficiency order of the metal ions is As（V） 〉 Cd（II）.     

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Cadmium Ion Removal from an Aqueous Solution by Eggshell Powder

The removal of cadmium(Cd) from synthetic solutions by batch adsorption process was performed using eggshell powder, which is mainly composed of calcite(CaCO₃). In order to optimize the adsorption process, a response surface methodology(RSM) based on Central Composite Design(CCD) was applied. Developed model for Cd remo-val yields(R,%) response was statistically validated by variance analysis(ANOVA) which showed a high determination coefficient value(R²=0.9889). According to Minitab software, the optimal conditions were found at temperature of 44℃, eggshell adsorbent dose of 2.98 g, initial Cd concentration of 36.74 mg/L and initial pH of 7. Under these conditions, the Cd removal yield was 98.76%. The deviation value of 1.24% confirms the validity of the model for the adsorption process optimization. The adsorption isotherm has been described by a Freundlich model. In addition, the predominant sorption mechanisms are the chemisorptions or precipitation(non-reversible) and ion exchange(reversible).     

Highly Efficient and Selective Removal of Pb(II) ions by Sulfur-Containing Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles

A facile one-step co-precipitation method was demonstrated to fabricate amorphous sulfurcontaining calcium phosphate (SCP) nanoparticles, in which the sulfur group was in-situ introduced into calcium phosphate. The resulting SCP exhibited a noticeable enhanced performance for Pb(II) removal in comparison with hydroxyapatite (HAP), being capable of easily reducing 20 ppm of Pb(II) to below the acceptable standard for drinking water within less than 10 min. Remarkably, the saturated removal capacities of Pb(II) on SCP were as high as 1720.57 mg/g calculated by the Langmuir isotherm model, exceeding largely that of the previously reported absorbents. Significantly, SCP displayed highly selective removal ability toward Pb(II) ions in the presence of the competing metal ions (Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II)). Further investigations indicated that such ultra-high removal efficiency and preferable affinity of Pb(II) ions on SCP may be reasonably ascribed to the formation of rodlike hydroxypyromorphite crystals on the surface of SCP via dissolution-precipitation and ion exchange reactions, accompanied by the presence of lead sulfide precipitates. High removal efficiency, fast removal kinetics and excellent selectivity toward Pb(II) made the obtained SCP material an ideal candidate for Pb(II) ions decontamination in practical application.     

Preparation and characterization of magnetic bioadsorbent for adsorption of Cd(II) ions

A facile magnetic chitosan composite used for heavy metal ions removal was prepared. The adsorbents with large specific area and rich carboxyl groups exhibited good removal of Cd(II) ions and could be easily separated with magnetic separation. The adsorption capacity of Cd(II) was 48 ​mg ​g⁻¹ and the removal efficiency reached 86.7% after five cycles. Thus, the prepared magnetic chitosan composite could act as a potential adsorbent for Cd(II) ions removal.     

13X分子筛去除水中重金属离子的研究

以人工合成的13X型分子筛为吸附剂,研究了水中Pb2 、Cd2 和Cu2 在分子筛上的吸附行为,讨论了Pb2 、Cd2 和Cu2 共存条件下的竞争吸附,并考察了水中存在的Na 、Mg2 、Ca2 等离子对分子筛吸附去除重金属的影响.实验结果表明,13X分子筛对Pb2 、Cd2 和Cu2 3种离子的吸附符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量分别为2.47mmol/L、2.0mmol/L和1.78mmol/L.在竞争吸附条件下,13X分子筛对3种重金属离子的选择性依次为pb2 ＞Cd2 ＞Cu2 .水中存在的Na 、Mg2 、Ca2 等对分子筛吸附重金属效率有一定的影响,其中Ca2 对Cu2 在分子筛上的去除影响最为显著.     

活化污泥强化工艺对重金属的去除效果研究

重点研究了活化污泥法强化一级处理对城市污水中重金属离子的去除效果。以实际生活污水和Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr6+、Pb、Mn六种城市污水中常见的重金属离子配水,采用活化污泥法的正常工艺条件,发现这几种金属离子去除的难易顺序为:Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Mn>Cr6+。水中的重金属离子与有机物间存在竞争吸附作用,共存时双方的去除效果都有所下降,但对Cd、Pb来说,有机物的存在则可以提高其去除效果。     

大孔树脂脱除中药水煎液中铅、镉和铜的研究

为探讨D001、D113和D7513种大孔树脂对葛根、毛冬青、乌药和苦参4种中药水煎液中模拟超标的铅、铜和镉离子的脱除效果,将中药水提取液经浓硝酸消化后,采用原子吸收光谱法测定了中药水煎液经大孔树脂处理前后铅、铜和镉的质量浓度变化。结果表明,4种中药水煎液经3种大孔树脂处理后,铅、铜和镉含量都普遍降低。可认为D001、D113与D751都能够显著脱除4种中药水提取液中的铅、铜和镉,尤其对镉的脱除效果最好,对铜的脱除效果相对较差,但脱除率都在58.9%以上;大孔螯合树脂D751的脱除效果最好。     

Preparation and application of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin for selective nitrate removal

正A novel magnetic anion exchange resin NDM-1 was prepared through suspension polymerization and then functionalized with ammonolysis and alkylating agents.Its application for selective removal of nitrate was performed in comparison with MIEX~.The results demonstrated that NDM-1 achieved higher efficiency in nitrate removal than MIEX~ did,with or without the existence of competing anion SO_4~(2-) ascribed to its longer alkyl chains on exchange sites.Combined with the advantage of easy separation due toγ-Fe_2O_3 implanted,the magnetic anion exchange resin NDM-1 was considered to be superior to MIEX~ for nitrate removal in practical application.