QF1基底上可见光区宽带增透膜研究

本文以QF1为基底设计了一种宽带可见光区增透膜,即:增透波长0.4～0.8 μm,工艺实现采用了电子束蒸发物理气相沉积的方法,薄膜材料仅含有TiO2和SiO2,并分别作为高低折射率材料.利用Edinburgh光谱仪对双面镀制该膜系样品的透过率进行测量,测试结果表明平均透过率达98.43;,通过SEM的膜层截面证实膜层比设计略偏厚,导致测试透过率与设计相比略有红移,但实际样品的光学特性与设计结果基本相符,具有宽带的增透特性.环境测试表明:薄膜具有良好的稳定性和牢固度.该增透膜可以应用于可靠性要求较高的环境中.     

超宽截止边带滤光片研究

以K9为基底设计了一种超宽截止边带滤光片,即:截止带波长0.5～0.85 μm、高透波长0.9～1.3 μm,膜层总数为57层,总厚度达6.026 μm,工艺实现采用了电子束蒸发物理气相沉积的方法,薄膜材料仅含有TiO2和SiO2,并分别作为高低折射率材料.利用分光光度计对该膜系样品的透过率进行测量,测试结果表明截止区(0.5～0.85 μm)的截止深度达5×10-3以下,截止带宽达350 nm,0.9～1.3 μm通带内的平均透过率也达到83.14;,除通带短波边缘外,实际样品的光学特性与设计结果基本相符,具有宽截止带深截止度、高通带透过率的特性.环境测试表明:薄膜具有良好的稳定性和牢固度.该边带滤光片可以应用于可靠性要求较高的环境中.     

CdSe波片6～12μm波段增透膜研究

采用垂直无籽晶气相升华法生长出直径37 mm的优质硒化镉(CdSe)单晶体,并沿光轴方向切割出20 mm×20 mm×3 mm的CdSe波片初胚.经研磨和抛光,在2～20μm波段CdSe波片的红外透过率约为70;.为进一步提高波片的透过率,采用Essential-Macleod软件辅助设计方案,选用YF3和ZnS为双层增透膜材料,并获得最佳的膜系厚度.镀膜后的CdSe波片在6～12μm波段透过率达到90;,在10.5μm处的透过率最高,峰值高达99;.     

宽通带宽截止带通滤光片研究

本文以K9为基底设计了一种宽通带宽截止带通滤光片,即:540～750 nm为通带区域,400 ～ 520 nm、770～1100 nm为截止带区域,为实现这一特性,在K9基底的两侧分别设置长波通和短波通组合膜系,分别用于截止400～520 nm和770～1100 nm,而两者通带交集为540 ～ 750 nm,膜层总数为48层,膜层总厚度达5.03 μm,工艺实现采用了电子束蒸发物理气相沉积的方法,薄膜材料仅含有TiO2和SiO2,并分别作为高低折射率材料.利用分光光度计对镀有该组合膜的样品透过率进行测量,测试结果表明540～750 nm通带平均透过率达到了85.82;,通带相对半宽度达221 nm,400 ～ 520 nm和770 ～ 1100 nm的截止度分别达到1.36;和1.27;,实验结果与理论设计基本吻合,达到了宽通带宽截止的目标,环境测试表明:薄膜具有良好的稳定性和牢固度.该组合膜系可以应用于可靠性要求较高的环境中.     

CdGeAs2晶体退火与红外光学均匀性分析

采用AIM-8800红外显微镜观察了CdGeAs2晶体的面扫描红外透过图像,分别在2.3～4μm、4～8 μm和8～18μm三个波段对退火前后的CdGeAs2晶片红外透过率和面扫描红外透过图像进行了对比分析,研究了晶体的红外均匀性.结果表明,CdGeAs2晶体在多晶粉末包裹下经450℃退火150 h后,其红外透过率和红外透过均匀性都得到较大程度的改善,其中在2.3 ～4μm和4～8μm波段的改善效果尤为显著;分析了影响晶体红外透过率和均匀性的主要因素,探讨了改善晶体均匀性的可能途径.研究结果对于快速评判CdGeAs2晶片质量具有重要的实用价值.     

8～12μm长波红外材料ZnS多晶的制备

真空热压烧结法是最经济、高效地制备ZnS多晶的方法之一.ZnS多晶的红外透过率是衡量材料品质的重要参数.本文运用TEM、XRD和化学分析方法,研究了原料粉末特性和热压工艺参数对热压ZnS多晶红外透过率的影响,并确定了合理的热压工艺参数.运用该方法制备的ZnS多晶6mm厚的试样,8～12μm波段平均红外透过率为66.7;.     

SiO2阻挡层对电子束沉积法生长高迁移率IWO薄膜性能的影响

利用电子束沉积技术在玻璃衬底上制备了IWO( In2O3∶WO3)薄膜和SiO2缓冲层,并将SiO2缓冲层对IWO薄膜性能的影响作了探究.SiO2缓冲层在室温生长.SIMS测试表明:SiO2缓冲层能有效阻挡浮法玻璃中的杂质进入到IWO薄膜.实验获得的具有SiO2阻挡层的IWO薄膜的电子迁移率μ～54.5 cm2·V-1·s-1,电阻率p ～5.86×10-4Ω,cm,电子载流子浓度n～ 1.95×1020 cm-3,400～1600nm砌光谱区域内的平均透过率～76;.     

氧离子后处理对氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜电学和光学性能的影响

采用氧离子束对电子束蒸发制备且退火后的氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜进行轰击后处理.经XPS检测发现氧元素在薄膜内含量增加,在深度方向上的梯度差下降.表面Sn4+含量增加,即掺杂离子浓度和载流子浓度提高,从而使薄膜方块电阻显著降低.当氧离子继续轰击时,薄膜的方块电阻保持平稳;同时,透过率曲线蓝移,紫外波段(300～400 nm)的平均透过率提高而可见光范围内(400 ～800 nm)的平均透过率略有下降,这种变化缘于薄膜的禁带宽度与折射率的增加.     

反应磁控溅射法制备HfO2金刚石红外增透膜

采用纯铪(Hf)金属靶,在氧+氩反应气氛中进行了HfO2薄膜直流反应磁控溅射沉积.首先在单晶硅片上沉积薄膜,研究工艺参数改变对薄膜的影响,然后选择较优的工艺在金刚石表面沉积符合光学厚度的薄膜,达到增透减反射效果.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了O2/Ar比例对薄膜组成的影响.利用X射线衍射仪(GIXRD)和椭偏仪(Ellipsometer)研究了不同衬底温度对氧化铪薄膜组织结构和光学性能的影响.采用傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)检测了镀膜前后金刚石红外透过性能,发现双面镀制HfO2薄膜能够有效提高金刚石在8～12 μm的红外透过性能,在8 μm处最大增透可达21.6;,使金刚石红外透过率达到88;;在3～5 μm范围,双面镀制了HfO2薄膜的金刚石平均透过率达66.8;,比没有镀膜的金刚石在该处的平均透过率54;高出12.8;.     

β-BBO薄膜的液相外延生长

采用液相外延法在掺Sr2+的α-BBO(001)衬底上进行了生长β-BBO薄膜的实验,生长出表面光滑、无色透明的薄膜.应用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、分光光谱仪和原子力显微镜(AFM)对外延膜进行了分析测试.结果表明,所制备的β-BBO薄膜择优取向为(001)面,在1μm×1μm的面积内,外延膜的表面粗糙度为2.279nm,其紫外吸收边同β-BBO单晶一样也为190nm,但外延膜的透过率略有下降.采用调Q脉冲Nd: YAG激光器观察了β-BBO外延膜的倍频效应.     

Syntheses and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazoles and by-products

The syntheses, properties, and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazole derivatives are described. Intermediates and by-products are also discussed. 1b. a = 43.997(7) Å, 5.7610(9) Å, 8.245(1) Å, = 99.339(4), C₂/c; 2a. a = 13.646(4) Å, b = 7.744(2) Å, c = 10.612(3) Å, = 91.979(6), P2₁/c. 3a. a = 22.245(1) Å, b = 22.245(1) Å, 10.010(1) Å, P42/n. 3a. a = 11.727(2) Å, b = 14.075(3) Å, c = 16.080(3) Å, = 105.859(3), = 105.331(3), = 98.187(3), P-1. 3b. a = 8.561(3) Å, b = 14.755(5) Å, c = 22.771(7) Å, = 97.006(5), P2₁/c. 3c. a = 10.500(2) Å, b = 12.189(2) Å, c = 13.040(2) Å, = 109.091(3), = 106.089(3), = 101.022(3), P-1. 8a. a = 16.389(8) Å, b = 5.749(3) Å, c = 19.316(3) Å, = 97.467(9), P2₁/n. 8b. a = 5.822(2) Å, b = 10.114(3) Å, c = 16.705(4) Å, = 84.681(5), = 82.840(5), = 75.769(4), P-1. 9b. a = 11.251(1) Å, 13.335(3) Å, 13.376(3) Å, = 102.456(4), P2₁/n. 9c. a = 15.836(3) Å, b = 8.236(2) Å, c = 5.447(3) Å, = 92.551(3), P2₁/c. 10a. a = 13.177(2) Å, b = 14.597(2) Å, c = 5.5505(8) Å, = 110.979(2), Cc. 11a. a = 14.720(2) Å, b = 13.995(2) Å, c = 38.245(6) Å, = 94.430(3), P2₁/n. 12b. a = 15.067(5) Å, b = 20.378(6) Å, c = 8.669(5) Å, = 99.16(4), = 99.32(3), = 105.23(3), P-1. 13b. a = 8.2824(6) Å, b = 10.5245(7) Å, c = 15.518(1) Å, = 92.305(1), = 100.473(1), = 100.124(1), P-1. 15a. a = 15.357(3) Å, b = 7.778(2) Å, c = 22.957(2) Å, Pbca. 16b. a = 18.0384(4) Å, b = 12.474(3) Å, c = 20.078(5) Å, Pbca.     

Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of adsorbent and photoluminescent nanocomposites of starch and silica

Using sol-gel method, mesoporous and photoluminescent silica nanocomposites of soluble starch have been synthesized and characterized. Different ratios of H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used at fixed template (soluble starch) and catalyst (NH₄OH) concentrations to obtain materials of different performances in terms of heavy metal binding from a solution which has been monitored using Cd(II) as representative divalent heavy metal ion. Optimum material was obtained when H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used in 14:1:2 ratio. This sample was not only an efficient metal ion adsorbent but also had an intense luminescence in ultra-violet region and potentially may be used in silicon-based UV-emitting devices. Metal binding by the material was further enhanced after calcination (at 800 °C in air) while its luminescence had a multipeak profile in UV-visible region. In a batch adsorption study, calcined hybrid composite (0.25 g/L) could remove 98.5% Cd(II) from 100 mg/L Cd(II) solution in 2 h. The chemical, structural and textural characteristics of the synthesized materials have been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA), Photoluminescence (PL), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Analysis (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).     

晶体中负离子配位多面体结晶方位、形变与晶体压电、铁电性

本文研究了压电、铁电晶体中负离子配位多面体的结晶方位与形变,提出了压电晶体中同一种负离子配位多面体的结晶方位是一致的.在铁电晶体中,负离子配位多面体发生形变,伴随着晶体发生顺电-铁电相变,并从这一基本过程出发,对铁电体相变的形成机理进行了讨论.     

Chemistry and Electrocrystallization of Organic Metals and Superconductors

Abstract

Considerable variation in the conditions of electrochemical crystal growth of TMTSF₂X (i.e., constant current versus constant potential, ambient versus inert atmosphere, etc.) and in the purity of the constituents (donor, electrolyte, solvent) does not significantly affect the unusual low-temperature properties of this class of materials. Our results suggest that the electrocrystallization procedure may be self-purifying by selecting for conducting crystal phases with constituents having specific oxidation potentials and solubility properties. However, doping solutions with structurally and chemically similar constituents (i.e., TMTTF, and IO^? ₄ in CIO^? ₄) leads to their incorporation in the crystal structure where they have a profound effect. Several mole percent of these dopants suppress superconductivity in the PF^? ₆ and CIO^? ₄ salts, and increase and broaden the metal-insulator phase transition.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Morphology of Thomsonite and Edingtonite

The hydrothermal treatment of different glasses of the composition 2 Na₂O–8 CaO–10 Al₂O₃– 20 SiO₂ and 2 BaO–2 Al₂O₃–6 SiO₂ at one kilobar pressure in a temperature-range between 80 °C and 230 °C lead to the formation of the zeolite-minerals thomsonite (orthorhombic symmetry space-group Pbmn, a = 13.05 Å, b = 13.09 Å and c = 13.22 Å), and edingtonite (orthorhombic symmetry, space-group: P2,2,2, a = 9.55 Å, b = 9.67 Å and c = 6.52 Å). Under the chosen hydrothermal conditions both mineral phases are formed in the whole temperature interval.     

Biocrystallization in Bacterial and Fungal Cells and Spores

A series of X-ray diffraction experiments were performed for the first time to study stress-induced biocrystallization (structural response to stress) in the bacteria E. coli, the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus cereus, and in cells and spores of the mycelial fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana. High-intensity areas with spacings of 90 and 44 Å are indicative of a periodically ordered arrangement (most likely nanocrystalline) of the bacterial nucleoid. For the starved bacteria Bacillus cereus, a peak at a spacing of 45 Å is also assigned to nanocrystalline complexes of DNA with the Dps protein. The spores of the fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana VKM F-582, as well as the spores of Bacillus cereus, form ordered arrays of DNA molecules with DNA-condensing acid-soluble proteins SASPs. Starved dehydrated mycelial cells of the fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana form ordered structures with spacings from 27 to 55 Å. A series of peaks reflect the formation of a number of ordered protein arrays, apparently with DNA, with continuously varying characteristic interplanar spacings.     

Preparation and characterization of PbSe nanopowder and quasi-ceramics

By means of the reduction of Pb(II) and Se(IV) with hydrazine, oval monodispersed PbSe nanoparticles characterized by sizes ～100 nm and the cubic symmetry were obtained. Their compaction and sintering into quasi-ceramic state were performed. The samples were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. The results obtained are discussed.     

Crystal and molecular structures of benz-p-nitroanilide and benz-p-methoxyanilide

The crystal structures of the two carboxylic amides C₁₃H₁₀N₂O₃ (I) and C₁₄H₁₃NO₂ (II) have been determined by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares. The predominant structural feature is the hydrogen bonding (N-H?O=C) which influences the conformations of both structures.     

Melting and short-range order in liquids and glasses

A theory is proposed to explain two-dimensional melting based on the gauge-invariant Lagrangian with spontaneous breaking (Higgs mechanism) or the SU(2) gauge field to U(1) symmetry. The first-order phase transition in two-dimensional melting may be strongly related to the asymptotic freedom-like interaction of the SU(2) gauge field in the case when the distance between each excited disk is shorter than a critical length, 2/ boxv;mboxv, near the melting temperature.     

Structural and spectral studies of N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline

N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine (1) C₁₆H₁₅N, and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline (2) C₁₅H₁₂NCl form isomorphous crystals which are monoclinic, space group P2_l/c, with unit cell dimensionsa=5.967(2),b=13.793(3),c=15.048(5) Å, =91.97(3)° anda=5.868(2),b=13.788(4),c=15.191(4) Å, =91.87(3)°, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of the title compounds revealtrans structures. Ring (A) C_10–15 and ring (B) C_1–6, are practically planar in both structures with dihedral angels of 61.3(3) and 63.6(2)°, respectively.¹H nmr, u.v. and i.r. spectra are also reported.