糖尿病人血清18种元素与肾功能、血脂、心功能等因素的分析

测定56例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病人血清Cu、Se、Zn、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、V、Cd、Pb、B、Al、Sr、As、Ti、Ni、Ba、Mg等18种微量元素，并以上述18种元素分别作为因变量，以血糖、血脂、肾功能、心功能等指标为自变量，作多因素逐步回归分析．能建立回归方程的微量元素有Cu、Mn、Zn、Co、Fe、Sr、Se、Cd、B、Mg、Ba．糖代谢有关的FBG、PBG、GHb均未能进入模型。能进入模型有与肾功能有关的CR、β2-Mg、Pu，与血脂代谢有关的TG、TC、LDL-Ch、VLDL-Ch、HDL-Ch及与心功能有关的EF．糖尿病人血清Cu、Mn、Co与病人的肾功能指标(CR、β2-Mg或Pu)相关，Mn、Se、Cd、B、Mg、Ba与血脂代谢指标相关，Zn、Co、Mg与心脏EF相关．     

血清微量元素与儿童少年身高生长的相关研究

报道了6-18岁在校学生身高生长突增的情况以及身高突增期前后血清中Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Se、Pb8种元素含量的变化。结果表明，女生身高生长突增开始、达到高峰及突增结束年龄均早于男生约2年。在身高生长的三个阶段，血清Ga、Mn、Cu、Se、Pb含量都有显著或极显著差异。血清Ca在身高突增期以后水平较低，血清Mn在身高突增期以前水平较低，血清Cu在身高突增期以前水平较高，血清Se、Pb则呈渐减趋势。而两性间除血清Cu女生高于男生外，其它各元素均无显著性羌异。     

乳腺癌与血清微量元素关系的分析

经临床、病理、放射或CT检查确诊的22名乳腺癌患者。在放疗前后分析血清中Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Se、Cr、Co、Ni的含量。结果显示：1．乳腺癌患者与健康人比较Cu、Ni含量增加，而Fe、Zn含量减少；2．健康人锌与其他元素的比值与乳腺癌患者比较，Fe／Zn上升，而Cu／Zn下降；3．乳腺癌患者放疗后与放疗前比较，Zn、Fe、Se、Co含量降低，而Cu、Ni含量增加，因此放疗时要针对降低元素给予合理的补充。     

常见消化病微量元素临床与实验研究

综述了微量元素与消化病之间的关系，包括：元素Cu，Zn，Fe,Mo，Cr，Mn,Ca，Se,Bi，Al,Mg与慢性胃病、消化性溃疡、食道癌、胃癌、肠道疾病的关系．     

胎儿肝、肾上腺微量元素的时序变化与抗氧化酶活性的关系

为探讨胎儿发育过程中组织器官抗氧化酶活性和微量元素的关系，分析了不同月龄胎儿肝、肾上腺中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se的含量和抗氧化酶活性，并分别与月龄进行相关分析。结果表明，肝、肾上腺中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Se与抗氧化酶活性之间显示有依存关系，为揭示人体胚胎微量元素与酶的关系及其分子生物学机制提供了依据。     

三七生长初期不同部位微量元素的含量测定

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES),对文山地区GAP种植及农户常规种植的生长初期三七不同部位中的微量元素Mg、P、Ca、Mn、Na、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Mo、Cr、Ni、Ge、Se等14种元素进行了测定分析。结果表明,三七的根、茎、叶中含有丰富的人体必需Mg、P、Ca、Mn、Na、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Mo、Ge、Se等有益元素,且P、Ca、Mg、Fe含量较高,Na、Mn、Co、Zn次之,Co、Mo、Cr、Ni、Ge、Se含量均较低。为三七GAP栽培标准和特征制订、三七道地药材的化学特征——化学指纹图谱的建立及研究提供理论依据。     

108例甲状腺功能障碍患者全血9种元素相关性研究

通过原子吸收光谱技术对68例治疗前甲亢病人(A组)，35例治疗后甲亢病人(B组)，5例甲减病人(C组)及74例正常人(D组）全血多种微量元素测定分析，结果显示：D组Cu与Al，Mg与Mn正相关；Al与Zn、Se负相关；A组Fe与Zn、Ca，Ca与TT4。Cu与Mn正相关，TT与Zn、Cr负相关。B组Fe与Zn、Cu、Mg，Zn与Cu、Mn、Mg与Ca、Se、Se与TT3正相关。     

弱视儿童血清微量元素的检测分析

为探讨弱视和微量元素之间的关系,对71例5~10岁的弱视儿童进行了血清微量元素Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn、Pb含量的检测,并与130例同龄正常儿童比较。结果表明,弱视儿童血清Zn含量明显低下,而Pb、Ca、Mn含量明显升高,与正常儿童比较差异均有显著性(P<0.01);Fe、Cu含量两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。弱视女童血清Mn含量比男童高,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而男女童Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Pb含量间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。提示弱视儿童部分血清微量元素异常,对弱视成因有一定影响,建议重视并及时纠正儿童异常的微量元素。     

白族长寿地区硬果仁中19种元素的测定分析

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP－AES）,对云南省白族长寿区的葵花子仁、麻子仁和核桃仁中的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、AI、B、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mo、Sr、Mn、Cr、Se、Ge、Cd、Pb、As等19种元素进行了测定分析。结果表明,3种硬果仁中含有丰富的人体必需的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、Fe、Zn、Mn、Se、Cu、Cr、Sr、Mo等有益元素,且P、Mg、S、Ca、Na、Zn、Mn、Fe、Se的含量较高。这些生命元素在3种硬果仁中的含量存在差异。有害元素Cd、Pb均未检出,核桃仁中As含量较高。硬果仁中富含这些生命元素是该地区老人健康长寿的一个重要原因。     

幼儿头发中微量元素含量相关性研究

为探讨儿童头发中微量元素是否有协同或拮抗作用,测定了646名1－3岁和3803名4－7岁儿童头发中的Zn,Fe,Cu,Ca,Mn和Pb含量,并研究了各元素间的相互关系,结果表明：1－3岁幼儿头发中Zn,Fe,Cu,Ca,Mn和Pb各元素间均呈正相关,4－7岁儿童的发锌含量与发铅含量呈非常显著负相关（P值均＜0．001）,其它各元素间均呈正相关。     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels

Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights.     

Gemini表面活性剂合成进展

系统总结了近百种Gemini表面活性剂的合成路线和方法,并且按照其结构特点分门别类地进行比较和归纳,对今后Gemini表面活性剂的合成发展方向提出了一些看法,这对促进此类新颖表面活性剂的工业化进程将具有指导意义。     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

乙基香兰素研究前景

报导了近几十年来国内外关于乙基香兰素的研究进展与动态,并简单介绍了本文作者在该方面所取得的研究成果,参考文献33篇。     

Trends in education in analytical chemistry

Summary At the session of the WPAC of Fechem on education in analytical chemistry it was concluded that it is now essential to include chemometrics and basic knowledge of computers in all courses on analytical chemistry.

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Tendenzen in der analytisch-chemischen Ausbildung

Zusammenfassung Bei einer Tagung der WPAC über die Lehre auf dem Gebiet der analytischen Chemie wurde bei der Betrachtung neuer Aspekte festgestellt, daß vor allem Chemometrie und Grundkenntnisse in Computertechnik in die Ausbildung aufgenommen werden sollten.

     

钙与人体及临床

钙是宏量元素，是人体中含量较高的元素之一，体内99％的钙构成骨骼和牙齿以及维持骨骼结构，1％的钙调节人体重要生理功能。钙的含量过高或过低都与许多疾病有关，只有保持一种平衡状态，才能使机体处于正常环境。     

Advances in passive sampling in environmental studies

Passive sampling is based on the phenomenon of mass transport due to the difference between chemical potentials of analytes in a given environmental compartment and the collection medium inside a dosimeter. The subsequent laboratory procedure (i.e. extraction, identification and determination of analytes) is the same as in the case of classic sampling techniques.Passive sampling techniques are characterized by simplicity with regard to the dosimeter's construction as well as its maintenance. Therefore, they find ever increasing application in the field of environmental research and analytics. When choosing a passive sampling method, one should not forget that some passive samplers require the time-consuming calibration step before being used in the field.Novel solutions and modifications of existing sampler designs have been presented. Practical application of passive dosimetry in environmental analytics, including sampling of water, soil, air and other atypical media are discussed. Some aspects of calibration methods in passive dosimetry are also described. The latest trends in the application of passive sampling are highlighted.