激光测距卫星的点扩展函数研究

本文将非相干成象系统的点扩展函数概念引入到激光测距系统,详细推导出激光测距卫星的点扩展函数的基本形式,并分别计算了Lageos和ERS卫星的点扩展函数以及脉冲和点扩展函数作用后的强度分布,取得了非常好的结果.     

共振非弹性散射光谱仪设计原理及性能测试

共振非弹性散射(RIXS)是一种研究分子、材料的电子结构的X射线光谱技术,其对光源、光谱仪都有着极为苛刻的要求。掌握先进RIXS光谱仪设计思想、使用方法、性能等对未来研究均具有重要意义。通过探究其设计思想,从光程函数理论方式出发并计算变间距光栅参数,逐一分析各像差项对最终成像结果影响; 开发可见激光的非接触式测量方式测量电机编码与光谱仪部件角度关系,并验证该方式的有效性; 在同步辐射实验站直接使用同步辐射X射线,对光谱仪成像分辨率进行标定,掌握光谱仪工作性能; 最终将SHADOW模拟数据与实际探测数据进行对比,表明光谱仪安装调试满足设计及实验要求。     

Satellite laser ranging experiment with sub-centimeter single-shot ranging precision at Shanghai Observatory

The Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, incollaboration with the Czech Technical University, carried out the experiment of satellite laser ranging with sub-centimeter precision in Shanghai in August 2001. A pico-second event timer was used for the measurement of the time interval between the transmitted and returned laser pulses for Lageos 1, 2, Starlette, Stella, Topex/Poseiden and ERS-2 in coordination with the existing laser transmitting and receiving system at the Shanghai Observatory. The analysis of the measurement showed that the single-shot ranging precision with these satellites is 7-8 mm. In order to compare ranging precision, the existing ranging system has tracked simultaneously these satellites and obtained the ranging precision of 12-15 mm. It means that the ranging precision with the new system is 80% better thanthe existing system. The systematic biases with the existing system have also been checked in the experiment.     

基于IAGA的空间测量定位系统测站优化部署

空间测量定位系统是一种基于光电扫描的角度交汇测量系统,由于该系统是在多测站协同作用下实现坐标测量,因此测站的布局优化是应用时面临的重要问题。为了解决该问题,提出了一种基于改进自适应遗传算法的测站优化部署方案。以系统定位精度、覆盖度和使用成本作为多目标优化函数;将进化代数衰减因子与自适应遗传算法相结合,根据多目标函数建立改进自适应遗传算法优化流程;对2~4个测站进行仿真优化分析。仿真结果表明,与传统自适应遗传算法相比,该方法能在10~20代内收敛到最优解并获得更优的目标函数值。因此该方法在空间布局优化设计中能有效提高系统的测量性能。     

激光测距卫星的质心改正模型

卫星质心改正值(简称CoM,Center-of-Mass)是卫星激光测距系统中的一个重要参量,准确估算该参量有助于提高卫星激光测距精度.本文以Lageos卫星为例,应用概率理论以及卫星上的角反射器对光子的反射概率与反射器的光学截面成正比,建立了球形激光卫星的CoM数学模型,并计算了几颗球形卫星的CoM值,还对一般的情况进行了讨论.     

Trend of extreme precipitation events over China in last 40 years

Using the daily precipitation data of 740 stations in China from 1960 to 2000, the analysis on the variations and distributions of the frequency and the percentage of extreme precipitation to the annual rainfall have been performed in this paper. Results indicate that the percentage of heavy rains （above 25mm/day） in the annual rainfall has increased, while on average the day number of heavy rains has slightly reduced during the past 40 years. In the end of 1970s and the beginning of 1980s, both the number of days with extreme precipitation and the percentage of extreme precipitation abruptly changed over China, especially in the northern China. By moving t test, the abrupt change year of extreme precipitation for each station and its spatial distribution over the whole country are also obtained. The abrupt change years concentrated in 1978-1982 for most regions of northern China while occurred at various stations in southern China in greatly different/diverse years. Besides the abrupt change years of extreme precipitation at part stations of Northwest China happened about 5 years later in comparison with that of the country＇s average.     

天然气加气站技术经济比较

介绍了4种形式的天然气加气站:CNG标准站、CNG子母站、L-CNG加气站和LNG加气站的工艺流程和主要设备。通过对比各种加气站的建站成本和运营成本,采用差额投资财务内部收益率法对各种加气站建站方案进行经济性分析,并较为全面地从技术、设备、经济性和安全性方面给出了各种加气站的优缺点。指出今后在有条件的地区发展建设加气站应朝着L-CNG加气站和LNG加气站方向进行。     

二次序列闪光高速照相系统研究

首次提出二次序列闪光高速照相系统结构。利用二次序列闪光激光光源在CCD相机曝光时间内两次发出超短激光脉冲,实现在一幅图像中捕获两个不同位置处高速运动目标图像。此系统可实现在一个照相站内两次成像,相当于实现两个照相站的功能,在现代弹道测量中有广泛的应用前景。     

Micrometeorological data collection via meteosat in the MICMET project of Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Summary As part of the MICMET regional project in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, an automatic system for the collection of micrometeorological data from a network of remote and impervious stations has been set up by adopting the Meteosat Data Retransmission System (DRS) for communications. To this end, a programmable data controller has been implemented over an RS-232 data link between the collecting station and the DCP (Data Collection Platform). In this paper, some details of both the electronic apparatus and the software program have been reported. An appropriate coding and decoding algorithm was used to recover the messages returned from satellite containing certain errors. The rate of success for the interpretation of satellite messages at the test station of Udine-Rizzi was greater than 90%. Paper presented at the IX Congresso del Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica dell'Atmosfera e dell'Oceano, June 8–10, 1992, Rome.     

A full-duplex radio-over-fiber system based on dual quadrupling-frequency

We proposed and simulatedly demonstrated a novel full-duplex radio-over-fiber system using an external modulator and an optical interleaver to generate dual quadrupling-frequency optical millimeter waves for carrying two base station downstream data and wavelength reuse for uplink connection. The simulation results reveal that the power penalties for the downstream and upstream signals of both base stations are less than 0.8 dB. In this new scheme, the configuration of the both base stations is simplified further because there is no additional laser at two base stations. The frequency of local oscillator signal is reduced due to frequency quadrupling. The cost of the new system is largely reduced.     

分布式光伏充电站Web实时监控平台设计

随着光伏充电站基础设施的广泛建设,为电动汽车用户提供便利的同时,也为其管理带来了巨大的挑战;为了实现对光伏充电站更加有效的管理,在分析分布式光伏充电站数据通信方案的基础上,设计了一种光伏充电站Web实时监控平台;该平台基于ZigBee技术、GPRS-DTU技术、HTTP协议设计了直流充电桩无线传感器数据采集方案,部署数据库服务器、Web服务器以克服充电站无人值守的问题,实现对该分布式系统的集中管控,同时设计用于充电预约、监控、提醒等功能的安卓用户APP以提升用户体验,并对该系统进行实验验证;经验证,该设计方案能够有效实现对分布式光伏充电站的实时数据采集与Web端集中管控,为充电站无人值守与远程监控提供了一种有效的技术解决方案。     

Circulation and heat exchanges of the Northern Adriatic in the winter season 1992/93

Summary The sea currents, temperature and conductivity were measured continuously at two stations and two depths of the eastern part of the Northern Adriatic during the winter season 1992/93. Meteorological elements were measured simultaneously at the two nearest meteorological stations on the Croatian coast (Rovinj, Pula). The sea level was also measured in that period at Rovinj. One severe bora storm was observed in the period of measurements. Qualitative good agreement between observed currents and velocities of the earlier developed models for the response of the Northern Adriatic to the bora and sirocco wind forcing has been shown. The sea currents on the Rovinj-Po transect are of the opposite direction to the bora wind because of tis spatial heterogeneity. The sea level observed at Rovinj station rose during the bora blows and it was much higher than what expected in the developed models. The response time of the currents to the bora forcing is computed by using correlation function between currents and wind. The heat exchanges on the sea-atmosphere surface are calculated. The correlation between same wind components and between total heat exchanges for two different stations was made. The sea temperature evolution calculated from meteorological data agrees well with what observed, especially for the Pula station. At the end of the measurement period the new dense water (σ_t=29.3 kg m⁻) was observed. We dedicate this article to the memory of colleague Antonio Michelato. D. Morožin is not employed at the Institute R. Boŝković.     

Rain Height in Relation to 0°C Isotherm Height Over Some Indian Tropical Locations and Rain Attenuation for an Indian South Coastal Station for Microwave and Millimeter Wave Communication Systems

There is a dearth of results on rain height over Indian tropical stations.The results on rain height in relation to 0°C isotherm height over four stations having different latitudes are presented in this paper. Four stations have been chosen in such a way that all have different latitudes and are located in different geographical regions having different local weather conditions. The seaonal variation of rain height in relation to 0°C isotherm height has been found to be appreciable over the station located in Indian east coast and Gujarat region, while seasonal variation is not significant at lower and intermediate probability levels over the stations located in Indian south-east coast and island. The prevailing local weather conditions over different stations also have been discussed. Based on observed rain heights and rain rates, the attenuation of radio wave at different frequencies lying in the range from 10 GHz to 150 GHz for different probability levels over Indian south-east coastal station have been deduced and presented in this paper.     

Orbit determination for geostationary satellites with the combination of transfer ranging and pseudorange data

Geostationary satellites(GEOs) play a significant role in the regional satellite navigation system.Simulation experiments show that the clock corrections could be mitigated through a single strategy or double differencing strategies for a navigation constellation,but for the mode of individual GEO orbit determination,high precision orbit and clock correction could not be obtained in the orbit determination based on the pseudorange data.A new GEO combined precise orbit determination(POD) strategy is studied in this paper,which combines pseudorange data and C-band transfer ranging data.This strategy overcomes the deficiency of C-band transfer ranging caused by limited stations and tracking time available.With the combination of transfer ranging and pseudorange data,clock corrections between the GEO and the stations can be estimated simultaneously along with orbital parameters,maintaining self-consistency between the satellite ephemeris and clock correction parameters.The error covariance analysis is conducted to illuminate the contributions from the transfer ranging data and the psudoranging data.Using data collected for a Chinese GEO satellite with 3 C-band transfer ranging stations and 4 L-band pseudorange tracking stations,POD experiments indicate that a meter-level accuracy is achievable.The root-mean-square(RMS) of the post-fit C-band ranging data is about 0.203 m,and the RMS of the post-fit pseudorange is 0.408 m.Radial component errors of the POD experiments are independently evaluated with the satellite laser ranging(SLR) data from a station in Beijing,with the residual RMS of 0.076 m.The SLR evaluation also suggests that for 2-h orbital predication,the predicted radial error is about 0.404 m,and the clock correction error is about 1.38 ns.Even for the combination of one C-band transfer ranging station and 4 pseudorange stations,POD is able to achieve a reasonable accuracy with the radial error of 0.280 m and the 2-h predicted radial error of 0.888 m.Clock synchronization between the GEO and tracking stations is achieved with an estimated accuracy of about 1.55 ns,meeting the navigation service requirements.     

The effect of the relativistic transformation law of angles on laser ranging of satellites moving in circular orbits equipped with a single retroreflector

It is shown that due to the relativistic transformation law of angles, a laser pulse reflected from a moving retroreflector propagates not strictly back, but at a small angle to the direction of the laser station. For this reason, the ray located on the periphery of a pulse reaches the receiving telescope of the laser station instead of the central ray of a pulse. As a result, the flux of electromagnetic energy received by the laser station is certainly less than the flux of energy in the vicinity of the central ray. The energy flux attenuation coefficient is assessed on the basis of numerical analysis. It is shown that if the receiving telescope is separated from the laser station in order to be mobile and is moving along the Earth’s surface so that the center of each spot formed by a pulse of the reflected light hits the telescope, then the electromagnetic energy flux during laser probing of the satellite will be higher by more than 100 times in comparison with the energy flux received by the stationary telescope of the laser station. From our study it follows that the maximum speed of motion of the centers of spots on the Earth’s surface does not exceed 8 km/h.     

纯距离法激光跟踪坐标测量系统的布局与仿真

一般激光跟踪测量系统通过测量距离变化量和跟踪镜转角来确定目标的位置坐标。而纯距离法激光跟踪测量系统只测量距离和距离变化量 ,而不用测量角度量 ,即可进行坐标测量 ,因此可得到较高的测量精度。其系统几何参数可以不借助外界实物标准尺进行自标定 ,并建立虚拟坐标测量参考系。多站测量系统的布局、测量点选择、计算的收敛性与误差等必须进行分析。从激光跟踪测量系统自标定的数学模型出发 ,分析其方程组的雅可比矩阵 ,推导出在自标定时测量系统中各站点和测量点的布局限制 ,并用计算机进行了仿真验证。     

The acoustic simulation and analysis of complicated reciprocating compressor piping systems,I: Analysis technique and parameter matrices of acoustic elements

This paper describes the mathematical formulation, equations, and procedures employed in the development of a comprehensive digital computer program for acoustic simulation and analysis of large and complicated piping systems. The analysis technique used is the transfer matrix method in which the piping system, with or without multiple inputs and outputs, is represented by a combination of discrete acoustic elements interconnected to one another at two stations such that the acoustic pressure and volume velocity at one station are uniquely related to those at the other by a two-by-two parameter matrix. Parameter matrices of 19 acoustic elements are included in this paper. By making use of these parameter matrices and the analysis technique, any complicated practical reciprocating compressor piping system can be modelled or analyzed.     

Estimation of the mobile user position in the cellular communication system in a multipath environment of signal propagation

We consider the problem of locating a mobile object (user) in the cellular communication system on the basis of the triangulation method and the Gaussian multipath-channel model under urban conditions of signal propagation. The probability density function of the maximum likelihood estimate of Cartesian coordinates of the user is found if two or three base stations arbitrarily located with respect to one another are used. It is shown that the user-locating error depends on the distance between the base stations, mutual location of the user and the base stations, and the variance of the user-bearing estimation error for each base station. In this case, using the third base station significantly improves the user-locating accuracy. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 162–170, February 2008.     

超高精度空间站共视时间比对新方法

随着科学技术的进步和发展,许多基础前沿领域要求时间比对的精度为几十皮秒甚至更高.空间站上的原子钟系统比地面钟性能更优,但传统的共视时间比对方法应用于空间站共视存在一定的局限性.本文基于广义相对论分析了精度为几十皮秒的空间站共视时间比对原理,考虑了所有的皮秒级以上的时延项;结合空间站共视时间比对原理,仿真分析了空间站对于中国几大主要地理城市的可见性,分析结果表明部分地区存在共视时间比对的工作盲区.结合理论和仿真研究了空间站轨道误差对传统共视时间比对方法的影响,研究结果表明传统共视时间比对方法不能有效地抵消轨道误差,其对共视时间比对的影响在几百皮秒量级.提出了空间站分时共视时间比对新方法,介绍了该方法的主要原理和优势.通过仿真实验验证了新方法的有效性,能够实现几十皮秒精度的两地面站远距离共视时间比对,同时解决了传统共视方法的工作盲区问题.     

用于导航定位坐标系转换的引申迭代算法研究

为了提升卫星导航信号处理软件RTKLIB的直角坐标转换至大地坐标算法的性能,本文基于牛顿迭代算法的思路,在Bowring直接解法基础上提出一种引申迭代算法。经过理论分析和测试实验数据对比,本文证实了引申迭代坐标转换算法相对于RTILIB现有的一般迭代坐标转换算法,具有迭代次数更少、精度更高的特点,更适用于高度坐标h取值较大的情形。