四元系溶液中溶质间的Gibbs自由能相互作用参数的研究

用气液色谱法测定２９８．１５Ｋ下，有机溶质在尿素＋高氯酸钠＋甲酰胺固定液中的保留参数，用ＭｃＭｉｌｌａｎ－Ｍａｙｅｒ理论，将溶液的势力学过量性质与溶液中粒子间的对相互作用、三相互作用参数相联系，用热力学方法求得该四元体系中溶质的气液色谱保留参数与Ｇｉｂｂｓ自由能相互作用参数的联系，并就溶质间的相互作用及混合溶剂性质的影响进行了讨论。     

葡萄糖与醇在甲酰0胺溶液中的焓相互作用参数

利用量热法测定了298．15K时葡萄糖在一些醇（甲醇、乙醇、1－丙醇、1－丁醇）与甲酰胺的混合溶剂中的溶解热。采用McMillan-Mayer方法,将溶液热力学过量性质与溶液中粒子的相互作用参数相关联,求得了粒子间的焓对相互作用参数和三分子相互作用参数,并就溶质－溶质间的相互作用及溶剂的影响进行了讨论。     

葡萄糖与醇在甲酰胺溶液中的焓相互作用参数

利用量热法测定了298.15K时葡萄糖在一些醇(甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、1-丁醇)与甲酰胺的混合溶剂中的溶解热.采用McMilan-Mayer方法,将溶液热力学过量性质与溶液中粒子的相互作用参数相关联,求得了粒子间的焓对相互作用参数和三分子相互作用参数,并就溶质-溶质间的相互作用及溶剂的影响进行了讨论.     

糖与非电解质在甲酰胺中相互作用的Gibbs自由能参数

用气液色谱法测定了298.15K时10个非电解质溶质在不同浓度甲酰胺糖(葡萄糖,果糖,蔗糖)溶液中的保留参数.依据McMillanMayer理论,求得非电解质溶质与糖间的Gibbs自由能相互作用参数g_ij和g_ijj.采用OkamotoWood的基团加合法,求得各基团的Gibbs自由能相互作用参数G_x,y,讨论了非电解质溶质与糖间的相互作用以及溶剂性质的影响.     

甲酰胺,乙酰胺,尿素在两种极性非水溶液中的体积性质

以尿素、甲酰胺和乙酰胺为溶质，二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜为溶剂；或以二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜为溶质，以甲酰胺为溶剂，通过测定溶液在２９８．１５Ｋ下的密度数据，求得了溶质的表观磨尔体积以及与溶质－溶质相互作用相关的体积第二维里系数。利用定标粒子理论讨论了溶质分子的几何体积、溶质－溶剂相互作用对溶质偏摩尔体积的影响，结果表明，熔质的溶剂化与溶质－溶质相互作用的体积效应呈相反的变化趋势。     

焓-熵补偿在芳香化合物位置异构体保留机理研究中的应用

系统地研究了二氯苯等６种芳香化合物在ＰＳＯ－１１－１８Ｃ６等９支冠醚聚硅氧烷和ＯＶ－１７０１,Ｃａｒｂｏｗａｘ－２０Ｍ毛细管色谱柱上分离过程的热力学参数。利用超热力学方法,考察了这些芳香化合物及其异构体在各种色谱柱上分离过程的焓－熵补偿现象。论述了各种冠醚固定液对芳香化合物的保留机理以及取代基在苯环上位置的变化对溶质与冠醚固定液之间的相互作用参数的影响。     

甲酰胺、乙酰胺、尿素在两种极性非水溶剂中的体积性质

以尿素、甲酰胺和乙酰胺为溶质,二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基亚砜为溶剂;或以二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜为溶质,以甲酰胺为溶剂,通过测定溶液在２９８．１５Ｋ下的密度数据,求得了溶质的表观摩尔体积以及与溶质－溶质相互作用相关的体积第二维里系数．利用定标粒子理论讨论了溶质分子的几何体积、溶质－溶剂相互作用对溶质偏摩尔体积的影响,结果表明,溶质的溶剂化与溶质－溶质相互作用的体积效应呈相反的变化趋势     

水溶液中氯化铯与糖(D-葡萄糖、D-果糖和蔗糖)相互作用的热力学参数研究(298.15K)

用钾离子选择性电极为测量电极,氯离子选择性电极为参比电极,设计组成无液接电池,用于氯化铯-糖(葡萄糖、果糖及蔗糖)-水三元体系中组分之间弱相互作用的热力学性质研究.通过测量电池的电动势获得氯化铯在糖水溶液中的活度系数,根据Scatchard理论推测出糖在氯化铯水溶液中的活度系数.通过Mcmillan-Mayer理论将体系的过量热力学函数与溶液中溶质的相互作用参数相关联,获得氯化铯与糖在水溶液中相互作用的吉布斯自由能参数及盐效应常数.运用结构相互作用模型、糖的羟基水化效应及色散能理论,探讨体系中溶质-溶质、溶质-溶剂间的相互作用及糖的立体结构和金属离子体积对热力学参数的影响.     

葡萄糖与杂环化合物在甲酰胺中的焓相互作用参数

由于糖具有特殊的生物和生理性质 ,在工业生产中已有广泛应用 ,故其溶液热力学性质已成为人们感兴趣的研究课题之一 .糖在水溶液中的热力学性质已见文献报道 [1] ,但在非水体系中的有关数据则较少报道 .研究表明 ,溶剂介质的变化对溶质的溶剂化状态和溶质间相互作用的影响较大 ,选用酰胺为溶剂可以获得模拟蛋白质环境条件下的溶质 -溶剂、溶质 -溶质间相互作用的信息 [2～ 4] .本文利用微量量热法测得了葡萄糖在杂环化合物与甲酰胺的混合溶剂中的溶解焓 .如果把杂环化合物作为 x,葡萄糖作为 y,按照 Mc Millan- Mayer[5 ] 理论 ,1 mol葡萄…     

DMSO溶液中有机溶质与尿素、酰胺的Gibbs自由能相互作用参数

ＤＭＳＯ溶液中有机溶质与尿素、酰胺的Ｇｉｂｂｓ自由能相互作用参数张心宽白同春卢雁李强＊（河南新乡师专化学系４５３０００）（河南师范大学化学系新乡４５３００２）酰胺、尿素等模拟生物分子的溶液热力学性质是许多热力学工作者关心的重要课题［１］。一些作者［２...     

A study of solute-solute interactions of amides dissolved in N-methylformamide by enthalpic interaction coefficients

Enthalpies of dilution of formamide, acetamide, propionamide, butyramide and hexanamide, dissolved in N-methylformamide have been measured calorimetrically at 25°C. From the results McMillan-Mayer coefficient related enthalpic pair and triplet interaction coefficients have been calculated. Except for those of formamide, all pair coefficients are negative, whereas the triplet terms are positive. The values in the protic solvent N-methylformamide presented in this paper together with those published before are compared with results for corresponding solutes dissolved in the aprotic solvent N,N-dimethylformamide. A discussion of the dependence of the interaction coefficients on the applied concentration scale is given and conversion factors are presented. The influence of hydrogen bonding, of substituent effects on this hydrogen bonding, and of polarophobic interaction is discussed. The latter is comparable in N,N-dimethyl-and N-methylformamide. The enthalpic pair interaction coefficients have been correlated with the Excess Group Additivity approach.To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

Column selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatography III. The physico-chemical basis of selectivity

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) retention data for 23 additional solutes have been acquired to further test and evaluate a general relationship from part I: log alpha = log (k/kref) = eta'H(i) + sigma'S(ii) beta'S(iii) + alpha'B(iv) +kappa'C(v) The physico-chemical origin of terms i-v above is examined here by comparing values of (a) the solute parameters of Eq. (1) (eta', sigma', etc.) vs. solute molecular structure, and (b) the column parameters (H, S, etc.) vs. column properties (ligand length and concentration, pore diameter, end-capping). We conclude that terms i-v correspond, respectively, to hydrophobic (i), steric (ii), hydrogen bonding (iii, iv) and ionic (v) interactions between solute and stationary phase. While steric interaction (term ii) is superficially similar to what previously has been defined as "shape selectivity", the role of the solute and column in determining steric selectivity (term ii) appears more complex than previously proposed for "shape selectivity". Similarly, what has previously been called hydrogen bonding between donor solutes and an acceptor group in the stationary phase (term iv) is very likely an oversimplification.     

Heat capacities and volumes of interaction between mixtures of alcohols in water at 298.15 K

The heat capacities and densities of mixtures of aqueous solutions of normal alcohols (methanol to n-butanol) and t-butanol were measured at 298.15 K at low molalities. The results were used to calculate the thermodynamic pair and triplet interaction parameters between solutes for heat capacities and volumes. The pair parameters are approximately a linear function of the total number of carbon atoms of the two solutes. The enthalpic pair and triplet interaction parameters for (ROH + H₂O) are also reported. The temperature dependence of the pair parameters for Gibbs free energies, enthalpies, entropies, heat capacities, and volumes are discussed in terms of structural changes in the aqueous solutions.     

一个描述液相色谱体系中溶质进样量与保留值关系的方程

通过考虑溶质和溶剂在液相色谱体系中的相互作用,从理论上给出了一个描述溶质在液相色谱体系中进样量与保留值之间关系的方程。由方程可以证明,当进样量趋于零时,溶质的保留值为一定值,当进样量无限大时,溶质的保留值趋于零,且随着进样量的增加,溶质的保留值必然减小。通过方程的线性形式,可以获得两个描述色谱体系特征的重要参数：一个是溶质与固定相相互作用的平衡常数Ｋ,另一个是假想的分布在固定相表面上的活性点总数。     

Thermodynamics of the Interactions of Peptides with α- and β-Cyclodextrins

The enthalpies of solution of α- and β-cyclodextrins is aqueous peptide solutions were determined experimentally at 298.15 K. The obtained results were used to calculate pair cross interaction parameters between solutes. The results are discussed in terms of the likelysolute–solute interactions. For systems α-cyclodextrin+peptide and β-cyclodextrin+peptide the diametrically opposite character of interaction defined by structure and solvation of the molecules is observed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.