有机化学知识在高分子材料合成创新实验中的运用——分享几个实例

针对目前教学中存在的理论课程之间、实验课程与理论课程之间关联不够紧密等问题,探索了通过"知识关联"将有机化学基本知识运用到高分子材料合成创新实验中的教学思路。以新试剂合成及应用、荧光聚酯合成、聚酰胺合成、聚酯水解等为例,介绍了如何将有机化学新理论、新方法、新试剂应用于本科高分子化学和高分子材料实验教学,以及如何将有机化学的理论知识和实验手段应用于高分子材料合成教学中。实践表明:通过"知识关联",将有机化学基础理论知识和实验技能应用于高分子合成实验中可以提高学生对所学知识的理解和运用能力,增强学生的实验探索兴趣,有效改进了高分子材料合成实验教学的课堂气氛。     

以创新教育为宗旨组织有机化学教学

介绍在有机化学教学中激发学生学习兴趣,创设提问环境,建立空间概念以及开设探索性实验等几方面的一些做法。     

格氏反应制备醇实验的改进

对有机化学必修实验“格氏反应制备醇”进行了研究。采用四氢呋喃(THF) 替代无水乙醚做反应溶剂,对教材中实验的试剂无水处理、反应的引发、试剂的用量、反应的后处理、产品的重结晶及用薄层色谱(TLC)检测产品纯度等进行了探讨和改进。结果表明,在THF中进行格氏反应制备三苯甲醇,实验现象明显,产率较高,降低了实验成本,全面提高了学生综合实验能力。     

建设有机化学实验教学新体系的探索与实践

针对传统有机化学实验教材和教学中存在的问题,对有机化学实验教学体系进行了重新设计,构建了循序渐进的“基础、综合和设计”三层次实验教学模式,并在教学过程中积极引入最新研究成果,渗透绿色化学思想。突出培养了学生的创新能力和综合素质,增强了学生的环保意识,提高了有机化学实验的教学质量。     

有机化学创新设计性实验“甲基化反应”的改进*

结合科研成果及实验教学经验,对有机化学实验中传统的甲基化反应实验进行改进。教材中涉及的传统甲基化试剂具有毒性大等缺点,不利于实验教学的实施。因此,提出使用三氟乙酸甲酯取代传统甲基化试剂,应用于本科有机化学实验教学中,加强学生对甲基化反应理论知识的理解。本实验结合新颖的科研内容,引入科研实验的设计思路,不仅有利于学生更好地掌握理论知识,而且有利于激发学生对科学研究的兴趣,提高学生的综合素养。     

有机化学实验双语教学课程体系改革与探索

遵循前沿化、国际化、微型化、绿色化的原则,针对实验基础、基本操作实验、微型合成实验、综合实验4个部分开展有机化学实验双语课程体系改革。在建立双语实验预习制度及完善考核制度的基础上,着力训练学生掌握实验原理、明确实验目的、熟悉实验仪器与试剂及实验过程,并用英语完成实验预习报告。积极引导学生产生对有机化学实验的兴趣和学习专业英语的积极性,培育具有国际化视野、实验技能扎实、专业能力全面的创新人才。     

在有机化学及实验教学中培养学生的科研能力

在有机化学理论课教学中融入对学科前沿、科研动态的介绍,在对知识的解析过程中注重培养学生的科研思路,在有机化学实验课教学中采用设计性实验,结合学术报告、学生科研立项、开放性实验室或课题等第二课堂,积极营造科研氛围,培养学生的科研能力。     

微型化有机合成实验的实践

１前言微型化有机化学实验有降低学生实验费用、节约时间、减少实验的污染物排放、有利于学生实验技能提高等诸多好处，因此，有机化学实验教学工作者一直为微型化有机实验在努力，比较有机化学实验的新老教材，许多有机合成实验的试剂用量都已大大减少［’，’］，但是，真正毫克级的微型化实验对学生来说因操作难度过大而不易实用化。但随着实验技术的发展，在科研中毫克级的合成己广泛应用，因此，对学生进行毫克级的合成反应实验训练已是迫切需要。本文建立了一套在学生实验中实用的薄层色谱操作，并用之于分析、监测反应、判断产物纯度…     

“乙醛溶液的电解”课堂演示实验研究

针对中学化学实验教学中电解有机物的空白现状,应用Schiff试剂定性检测电解液中乙醛浓度的方法,开发了一个电解乙醛的课堂演示实验。该实验将有机化学中的氧化还原反应与电解过程相结合,以此发展学生对电解池工作原理以及有机化学反应机理的认识。通过实验探究,培育学生“科学探究与创新意识”和“科学态度与社会责任”的学科素养。     

有机化学实验双语教学中的问题探讨

基于教学实践经验,总结了有机化学实验双语教学实施过程中的一些问题,如课程目的不清晰、英语地位过重、学生学习积极性不足等,并通过对实验各环节精心细致的设计、严格认真的实施对这些问题进行了有针对性的解决.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of tetrabenzoporphins of the basis of isoindoline

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds -