Behavior of yeast cells in aqueous suspension affected by pulsed electric field

This work discusses pulsed electric fields (PEF) induced effects in treatment of aqueous suspensions of concentrated yeast cells (S. cerevisiae). The PEF treatment was done using pulses of near-rectangular shape, electric field strength was within E=2-5 kV/cm and the total time of treatment was t(PEF)=10(-4)-0.1 s. The concentration of aqueous yeast suspensions was in the interval of C(Y)=0-22 (wt%), where 1% concentration corresponds to the cellular density of 2x10(8) cells/mL. Triton X-100 was used for studying non-ionic surfactant additive effects. The electric current peak value I was measured during each pulse application, and from these data the electrical conductivity sigma was estimated. The PEF-induced damage results in increase of sigma with t(PEF) increasing and attains its saturation level sigma approximately sigma(max) at long time of PEF treatment. The value of sigma(max) reflects the efficiency of damage. The reduced efficiency of damage at suspension volume concentration higher than phi(Y) approximately 32 vol% is explained by the percolation phenomenon in the randomly packed suspension of near-spherical cells. The higher cytoplasmic ions leakage was observed in presence of surfactant. Experiments were carried out in the static and continuous flow treatment chambers in order to reveal the effects of mixing in PEF-treatment efficiency. A noticeable aggregation of the yeast cells was observed in the static flow chamber during the PEF treatment, while aggregation was not so pronounced in the continuous flow chamber. The nature of the enhanced aggregation under the PEF treatment was revealed by the zeta-potential measurements: these data demonstrate different zeta-potential signs for alive and dead cells. The effect of the electric field strength on the PEF-induced extraction of the intracellular components of S. cerevisiae is discussed.     

Synthesis and Characterization of the Molybdenum－Tungsten Mixed－metal Oxopolymetalate（Et_4N）_2［Mo_（4．5）W_（1．5）O_（19）］

ＳｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓａｎｄＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＭｏｌｙｂｄｅｎｕｍ－ＴｕｎｇｓｔｅｎＭｉｘｅｄ－ｍｅｔａｌＯｘｏｐｏｌｙｍｅｔａｌａｔｅ（Ｅｔ_４Ｎ）_２［Ｍｏ_（４．５）Ｗ_（１．５）Ｏ_（１９）］ＬｉｕＨｕａｎｇ；ＸｕＬｉ；Ｈｕａ?..     

新型有机多胺Co(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构及抑菌性能

以1-氨乙基哌嗪和丙烯腈为原料合成了新型有机多胺1-（N,N-二氨基丙基）氨基乙基-4-氨基丙基哌嗪,并以此为配体,与高氯酸钴进行配位反应,得到其配合物[Co(L)HCl](ClO4)2的晶体。通过元素分析、测摩尔电导率和X射线衍射对所得晶体进行了分析。结果显示,该晶体结构属于四方晶系,空间群I4/m,a = 2.5006(3),b = 2.5006(3) c = 0.85615(11) nm, Mr =594.79,V = 5.3534(10) nm3,Z=8, F(000)= 2488, Dc = 1.476g/cm3,μ(MoKα)= 0.989mm-1,最终偏离因子R1 = 0.0666, wR2 = 0.1852 ( I > 2σ( I) )。采用琼脂扩散法测定目标产物的抑菌性能。结果表明, [Co(L)HCl](ClO4)2对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、鳗弧菌均有一定的抑制作用。     

Electric field modulation in tissue electroporation with electrolytic and non-electrolytic additives

Electroporation, cell membrane permeabilization with short electrical field pulses, is used in tissue for in vivo gene therapy, drug therapy and minimally invasive tissue ablation. For the electroporation to be successful, the electrical field that develops during the application of the pulses needs to be precisely controlled. In this study we investigate the use of electrolytic and non-electrolytic gels to generate the precise electrical fields required for controlled electroporation, in heterogeneous and irregular tissues, in vivo. Finite element computer simulations are used to illustrate various applications, such as the treatment of irregularly shaped organs and interior cavities. The feasibility of the concept is demonstrated experimentally in vivo with a rat liver subjected to irreversible electroporation.     

Optimal salt concentration of vehicle for plasmid DNA enhances gene transfer mediated by electroporation

In vivo electroporation has emerged as a leading technology for developing nonviral gene therapies, and the various technical parameters governing electroporation efficiency have been optimized by both theoretical and experimental analysis. However, most electroporation parameters focused on the electric conditions and the preferred vehicle for plasmid DNA injections has been normal saline. We hypothesized that salts in vehicle for plasmid DNA must affect the efficiency of DNA transfer because cations would alter ionic atmosphere, ionic strength, and conductivity of their medium. Here, we show that half saline (71 mM) is an optimal vehicle for in vivo electroporation of naked DNA in skeletal muscle. With various salt concentrations, two reporter genes, luciferase and beta-galactosidase were injected intramuscularly under our optimal electric condition (125 V/cm, 4 pulses x 2 times, 50 ms, 1 Hz). Exact salt concentrations of DNA vehicle were measured by the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) and the conductivity change in the tissue induced by the salt in the medium was measured by Low-Frequency (LF) Impedance Analyzer. Luciferase expression increased as cation concentration of vehicle decreased and this result can be visualized by X-Gal staining. However, at lower salt concentration, transfection efficiency was diminished because the hypoosmotic stress and electrical injury by low conductivity induced myofiber damage. At optimal salt concentration (71 mM), we observed a 3-fold average increase in luciferase expression in comparison with the normal saline condition (p < 0.01). These results provide a valuable experimental parameter for in vivo gene therapy mediated by electroporation.     

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of 3,5-Diiodo-salicylalidehyde and 3,5-Diiodo-salicylalidene-4-nitroaniline

The title compounds, C7H4I2O2 1 and C13H7I2N2O3 2, have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 9.802（2）, b = 13.867（3）, c = 7.364（2） A, β = 109.74（3）°, V= 942.1（3） A^3, Dc= 2.636 g/cm^3, C7H4I2O2, Mr= 373.90, F（000） = 672, μ = 6.627 mm^-1, Z = 4, R = 0.0459 and wR = 0.1018 for 1805 observed reflections （I 〉 2 σ（I））. Compound 2 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 9.015（2）, b = 12.024（2）, c = 14.072（3） A, β = 103.91（3）°, V = 1480.6（5） A^3, Dc= 2.216 g/cm^3, C13H7I2N2O3, Mr= 494.01, F（000） = 920, p = 4.255 mm^-1, Z = 4, R = 0.0777 and wR = 0.1757 for 2896 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. Compounds 1 and 2 were assayed for antibacterial activities against three Gram positive bacterial strains （B. subtilis, S. aureus and S. faecalis） and three Gram negative bacterial strains （E. coli, P. aeruginosa and E. cloacae） by MTr method. Fortunately, compound 2 is found to show potent antibacterial activity against these six bacterial strains.     

Oxidative Effects during Irreversible Electroporation of Melanoma Cells—In Vitro Study

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is today used as an alternative to surgery for the excision of cancer lesions. This study aimed to investigate the oxidative and cytotoxic effects the cells undergo during irreversible electroporation using IRE protocols. To do so, we used IRE-inducing pulsed electric fields (PEFs) (eight pulses of 0.1 ms duration and 2–4 kV/cm intensity) and compared their effects to those of PEFs of intensities below the electroporation threshold (eight pulses, 0.1 ms, 0.2–0.4 kV/cm) and the PEFs involving elongated pulses (eight pulses, 10 ms, 0.2–0.4 kV/cm). Next, to follow the morphology of the melanoma cell membranes after treatment with the PEFs, we analyzed the permeability and integrity of their membranes and analyzed the radical oxygen species (ROS) bursts and the membrane lipids’ oxidation. Our data showed that IRE-induced high cytotoxic effect is associated both with irreversible cell membrane disruption and ROS-associated oxidation, which is occurrent also in the low electric field range. It was shown that the viability of melanoma cells characterized by similar ROS content and lipid membrane oxidation after PEF treatment depends on the integrity of the membrane system. Namely, when the effects of the PEF on the membrane are reversible, aside from the high level of ROS and membrane oxidation, the cell does not undergo cell death.     

水杨醛缩糠胺合钴（Ⅲ）配合物的合成,表征与晶体结构

合成了水杨醛缩糠胺合钴（Ⅲ）配合物Co（SF）3[HSF=水杨醛缩糠胺Schiff碱],通过IR和单晶X射线衍射测定了其结构.配合物属三斜晶系,空间群P墿,晶体学参数a=0.900 64（8）nm,b=1.061 13（9）nm,c=1.636 23（14）nm,α=93.989 0（10）°,β=94.886 0（10）°,γ=93.627 0（10）°.分子式C36H30CoN3O6,V=1.550 5（2）nm3,Z=2,Dc=1.413 g/cm3,F（000）=684,R1=0.0350,wR2=0.0958[I〉2sigma（I）],S=1.068.在配合物分子中,Co原子处于三个N原子、三个酚O原子形成的变形八面体场中.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (E)-4-(Benzyloxy)-2-(cinnamoyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-4-oxobutan-1-aminium Chloride as a Double-prodrug

A novel hydrochloride quaternary ammonium salt (E)-4-(benzyloxy)-2-(cinnamo- yloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-4-oxobutan-1-aminium chloride (C23H29NO4Cl2, Mr = 454.37) has been synthesized via the sequence of acetylation and esterification by using L-carnitine (L-4-N-trimethy- lammonium-3-hydroxybutyric acid, LC) and cinnamic acid as the starting materials, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P212121 with a = 10.1670(4), b = 10.4488(4), c = 22.9795(11) ?, V = 2441.18(18) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.236 g/cm3, μ(MoKα) = 0.293 mm?1, F(000) = 960, Flack factor = –0.01(11), the final R = 0.0489 and wR = 0.1550 for 3350 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)) and R = 0.0953 for all 5648 unique reflections. The crystal structure involves a conjugated system which shows a reverse olefin structure.     

Syntheses and Characterizations of （CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3）6（BiI6）（I）2I3 and （NH3CH2CH2NH3）2Bi2I10

The title compounds have been respectively synthesized by solution process and solvothermal reaction, and their crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction method. For （CH3CH2CH2CH2NH3）6（BiI6）（I）2I3 1, it crystallizes in tficlinic, space group P1^- with Mr = 2049.76, a = 8.5719（1）, b = 11.7461（3）, c = 15.700（1）A, V = 1451.4（1）A^3, Z = 1, Dc = 2.345 g/cm^3, F（000） = 924, μ（MoKα） = 8.907 mm^-1, T = 293（2） K, the final R = 0.0655 and wR = 0.0804 for 2399 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. For （NH3CH2CH2NH3）2Bi2I10 2, it crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with Mr= 1811.20, a = 8.434（4）, b = 13.862（6）, c = 13.362（6）A, V = 1499.9（12）A^3, Z = 2, Dc = 4.010 g/cm^3, F（000） = 1536,μ（MoKα） = 22.007 mm^-1, T = 293（2） K, the final R = 0.0584 and wR = 0.1451 for 1798 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The structures of 1 and 2 contain halobismuthate monomer and dimers, respectively. It is noteworthy that the dimers and their organic counters in 2 connect each other by N…I hydrogen bonds to form a layered structure, and the electrostatic interactions and crystal packing forces between layers give rise to the packing of the crystal. The optical absorption spectra of 1 and 2 reveal the appearance of sharp optical gaps of 2.13 and 2.01 eV, respectively.     

Synthesis and Structure of the Copper(Ⅰ) Complex 〔Cu(PPh_3)_2(BH_4)〕

1　INTRODUCTIONCopper( ) displayswide diversity in itsstructuralchemistry,the copper coor dination number ranging from two to four.Procedures to synthesize copper( )complexes itself are of great interest because of the diversity of products resultingfrom almost the same methodology.Ithas long been accepted that because copper( ) complexesare diamagnetic,and hence,provideno opticalabsorption bands( nod d transition is encountered) for a copper( ) ion with a d10 configuration and noelect…     

Synthesis of 14-oxa-1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[9.5.3]nonadecane(L1) and a spectroscopic and structural study of [Ni(L1)(ClO4)](ClO4) and of the macrobicyclic precursor diamide complex, [Ni(HL2)](ClO4); chloride substitution kinetics of the corresponding [Ni(III)(L1)]3+ species

The pentadentate ligand 14-oxa-1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[9.5.3]nonadecane (L1) has been synthesized by the high dilution cyclization of 1-oxa-4,8-diazacyclododecane ([10]aneN(2)O) (1) with 1,3-bis(alpha-chloroacetamido)propane (2) and subsequent reduction of the diamide intermediate. The structure [Ni(L1)(ClO(4))](ClO(4)) (P2(1)/c (no. 14), a = 8.608(3), b = 16.618(3), c = 14.924(4) A, beta = 91.53(3) degrees converged at R = 0.050 (R(w) = 0.046) for 307 parameters using 2702 reflections with I > 2sigma(I). For the nickel(II) complex of the (monodeprotonated) precursor diamide ligand 14-oxa-1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[9.5.3]nonadecane-3,9-dione (H(2)L2), [Ni(HL2)](ClO(4)) (Pbca (no. 61), a = 15.1590(3), b = 13.235(2), c = 18.0195(6) A), the structure converged at R = 0.045 (R(w) = 0.038) for 265 parameters using 1703 reflections with I > 3sigma(I). In the reduced system, the cyclam-based ligand adopts a trans-III configuration. The [Ni(L1)(ClO(4))](2+) ion is pseudooctahedral with the Ni-O(ether) 2.094(3) A distance shorter than the Ni-O(perchlorate) 2.252(4) A. The nickel(II) and nickel(III) complexes are six-coordinate in solution. Oxidation of [Ni(L1)(OH(2))](2+) with K(2)S(2)O(8) in aqueous media yielded an axial d(7) Ni(III) species (g( perpendicular) = 2.159 and g( perpendicular) = 2.024 at 77 K). The [Ni(L1)(solv)](2+) ion in CH(3)CN showed two redox waves, Ni(II/I) (an irreversible cathodic peak, E(p,c) = -1.53 V) and Ni(III/II) (E(1/2) = 0.85 V (reversible)) vs Ag/Ag(+). The complex [Ni(HL2)](ClO(4)) displays square-planar geometry with monodeprotonation of the ligand. The ether oxygen is not coordinated. Ni-O(3) = 2.651(6) A and Ni-O(3a) = 2.451(12) A, respectively. The Ni(III/II) oxidation at E(1/2) = 0.24 V (quasi-reversible) vs Ag/Ag(+) is considerably lower than the saturated system. The kinetics of Cl(-) substitution at [Ni(L1)(solv)](3+) are pH dependent. Detachment of the ether oxygen atom is proposed, with insertion of a protonated water molecule which deprotonates at a pK(a) more acidic than in the corresponding cyclam complex. Mechanistic implications are discussed.     

Syntheses and Structures of Two Novel Salicylate-containing Mononuclear Manganese Complexes

Two salicylate containing mononuclear manganese complexes formulated as [Mn- (sal)2(CH3OH)2]·py (sal = salicylate, py = pyridine) 1 and (HNEt3)2[Mn(sal)3] 2 have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Crystal data for compound 1: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 30.748(6), b = 8.1933(13), c = 21.137(4) °, β = 126.772(4)°, V = 4265.5(13) 3, Z = 8, Mr = 471.34, Dc = 1.468 g/cm3, μ = 0.667 mm-1, F(000) = 1952, the final R = 0.0637, wR = 0.1783 (I > 2σ(I)) and GOOF = 1.073; and those for compound 2: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 14.505(5), b = 11.048(4), c = 20.711(7) , β = 103.603(6)°, V = 3225.6 (18) 3, Z = 4, Mr = 668.65, Dc = 1.377 g/cm3, μ = 0.466 mm-1, F(000) = 1416, the final R = 0.0373, wR = 0.1125 (I > 2σ(I)), and GOOF = 1.000. The Mn atoms of both complexes are six-coordinated in an axially elongated octahedral geometry for 1 and an axially compressed octahedral geometry for 2, and their oxidation states have been determined to be trivalent by bond valence sum calculation.     

Synthesis, Structural Features and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Two Schiff Bases Derived from 3,4-Dihydroxybenzhydrazide

A new Schiff base compound (I), (E)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3,4-dihydroxybenzohydrazide-ethanol-water (1/1/1), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 7.459(4), b = 18.316(10), c = 13.638(7), β = 101.585(9)o, V = 1825.2(17)3, Z = 4, μ = 0.104 mm-1, Dc = 1.333 g/cm3, F(000) = 776, the final R = 0.0635 and wR = 0.1302 for 3216 observed reflections with I 2σ(I). Another compound (Ⅱ), (E)-N'-(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3,4-dihydroxybenzohydrazide-ethanol-water (1/1/1), has been synthesized and reported before. The antibacterial activities of these two compounds against seven bacteria were first evaluated, and one compound showed considerable antibacterial activity against S. aureus.     

Conformation Diversity of Complexes Constructed by N-（2-Pyridylmethyl）-phenylalanine and Zn（Ⅱ）

Four configurationally and conformationally related Zn（II） complexes with a tridentate ligand namely, N-（2-pyridylmethyl）-phenylalanine （Hpmpa）, have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions. [Zn（L-α-pmpa）2·HaO] 1： orthorhombic, space group P21212 with a = 15.1091（7）, b = 16.2417（8）, c = 5.9972（3） A, V= 1471.70（12）A^3, Z = 2, Mr = 593.97, Dc = 1.340 g/cm^3,μ = 0.879 mm^-1, F（000） = 620, Rint= 0.0205, R = 0.0450 and wR = 0.1578 for 3102 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）; [Zn（D-α-pmpa）2·2H2O] 2： orthorhombic, space group P21212 with a = 15.1023（6）, b = 16.2516（7）, c = 6.0024（2）A, V= 1473.21（10）A^3, Z = 2, Mr = 611.98, Dc = 1.380 g/cm^3,μ = 0.882 mm^-1, F（000） = 640, Rint= 0.0337, R = 0.0484 and wR = 0.1435 for 2408 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）; [Zn（L-β-pmpa）2] 3： monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 27.8667（5）, b = 5.60350（10）, c = 19.9636（2）A β = 120：2210（10）°, V = 2693.66（7）A^3, Z = 4, Mr = 575.95, De= 1.420 g/cm^3,μ = 0.955 mm^-1, F（000） = 1200, Rint= 0.0345, R = 0.0358 and wR = 0.1135 for 2251 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）; and [Zn（D-β-pmpa）2] 4. They are all mononuclear discrete structures. The influence of temperature and pH on the conformation of structures has been investigated. Moreover, the photoluminescent properties of compounds 1 and 3 are also reported.     

Synthesis and Structure of a Titanocene-ferrocenyl Complex

A titanocene-ferrocenyl complex, （5-ferrocenyl-2-hydroxybenzenecarboxylato- O,O′）-bis（methylcyclopentadienyl）titanium（IV） 4, and an unexpected ionic complex, [C7H8NO3]- [（C5H5）Fe（C5H4）SO3]·H2O3 were synthesized and characterized by IR, ^1H NMR and elemental analysis. Compound 3 is of triclinic, space group P1 with a = 5.954（2）, b = 13.208（5）, c = 13.252（5） A, α = 60.993（7）,β = 84.342（8）,γ = 86.933（8）°, Z = 2, V = 906.8（6）A^3, Dc = 1.601 g/cm^3, μ（MoKα） = 0.987 mm^-1, F（000） = 452, the final R = 0.0647 and wR = 0.1333 for 2311 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. Compound 4 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2 1/c with α = 14.3310（9）, b = 12.5065（8）, c = 12.9406（10） A, β = 95.101（4）°, Z = 4, V = 2310.2（3） A^3, Dc = 1.513 g/cm^3, μ（MoKα） = 1.004 mm^-1, F（000） = 1088, the final R = 0.0461 and wR = 0.1048 for 2112 observed reflections （1 〉 2σ（I））.     

Crystal and Molecular Structure of 5，6，7，8，9，10－Hexahydro－3－（4－methylphenylamino）－2－thioxoquinoxaline

ＣｒｙｓｔａｌａｎｄＭｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆ５，６，７，８，９，１０－Ｈｅｘａｈｙｄｒｏ－３－（４－ｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｅｎｙｌａｍｉｎｏ）－２－ｔｈｉｏｘｏｑｕｉｎｏｘａｌｉｎｅＳｕｎＤａ－Ｑｉｎｇ；ＬａｎｇＪｉａｎ－Ｐｉｎｇ；ＬｕＺｈ...     

Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Antibacterial Activities of Copper（Ⅱ） and Zinc（Ⅱ） Complexes Based on （E）-4-fluoro-2-（（3-morpholinopropylimino）methyl）phenol

Two Schiff base complexes [Cu(L)2] (1) and [Zn(L)2]·3H2O(2) of (E)-4-fluoro-2-((3-morpholino propylimino)methyl)phenol (HL) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 1: triclinic, space group Pī with a=4.8000(10), b=11.109(2), c=13.921(3),α=66.55(3),β=80.35(3),γ=81.09(3)°, V=668.2(2)3 , Z=1, Dc=1.477g/cm 3 , F(000)=311, and the final R=0.0744 and wR=0.1601 for 2301 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). And those for 2: monoclinic, space group P21 /c with a=14.789(3), b=11.713(2), c=18.846(4),β=107.85(3)°, V=3107.4(11)3 , Z=4, D c=1.389 g/cm 3 , F(000)=1368, and the final R=0.0749 and wR=0.1348 for 5423 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). Both 1 and 2 are four-coordinated complexes, with a square-planar geometry of copper(Ⅱ) in 1 and a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry of zinc(Ⅱ) in 2. An asymmetric unit consists of only one half of a Cu ion and one L ligand in 1, while an asymmetric unit is composed of one Zn ion, two L ligands and three water molecules in 2. Non-classical C-H···O and C-H F hydrogen bonds play important roles in the formation of a 1D chain of 1, but O-H O and O-H N hydrogen bonds play dominant roles in the self-assembly of a 3D network of 2. The antibacterial activities of 1 and 2 against B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and E. cloacae have been evaluated by MTT method.     

Chiral Phosphine Ligands Derived fro m Sugars .14 . Crystal Structure of Diphenyl( m ethyl4’,6’-O-benzylidene-3’-deoxy-α- D-altropyranoside-3-)phosphine Oxide

１　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｈｉｒａｌｐｈｏｓｐｈｉｎｅｓａｒｅｕｓｅｆｕｌｌｉｇａｎｄｓｉｎｅｎａｎｔｉｏｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｖｅｃａｔａｌｙｓｉｓｗｉｔｈｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｍｅｔａｌｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｓ〔１〕，ｓｏｍｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｄｅｒｉｖｅｄｆｒｏｍｓｕｇａｒｓａｒｅａｌｓｏｏｆｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｂｉｐｈａｓｉｃｃａｔａｌｙｓｉｓ〔２〕ａｎｄｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ〔３〕．Ｂｙｔｈｅｎｕｃｌｅｏｐｈｉｌｉｃｒｅｐｌａｃｅｍｅｎｔｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎ，ｉｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌ…     

Crystal Structures of N，N＇－Bis（4－chlorophenyl）－1，10－diaza－18－crown－6 and Its Complexwith Ba（SCN）_2

ＣｒｙｓｔａｌＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｆＮ，Ｎ＇－Ｂｉｓ（４－ｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｈｅｎｙｌ）－１，１０－ｄｉａｚａ－１８－ｃｒｏｗｎ－６ａｎｄＩｔｓＣｏｍｐｌｅｘｗｉｔｈＢａ（ＳＣＮ）_２￥ＺｈａｎｇＬｉ－Ｊｕａｎ；ＬｉｕＸｉａｏ－Ｌａｎ；ＭａＳｈｉ－Ｋｕ?..