基于喹喔啉结构的异吲哚啉-1-酮类化合物合成及抗肿瘤活性（英文）

本文通过3-溴甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸乙酯与芳胺或脂肪胺在回流的乙醇中经一步反应简便而有效合成了一系列结构新颖的基于喹喔啉结构的异吲哚啉酮类化合物。采用MTT法初步评价了目标化合物对肺癌细胞株A549和直肠癌细胞株HT29的体外增殖抑制活性。结果表明,含有卤素(F,Cl,Br,I)取代的化合物7h～7k对这两个细胞株表现出良好的抑制活性,其中氟取代的化合物7h的活性最高,其IC_(50)值分别为1.50和3.77μg/mL,活性高于参考药物顺铂。     

5-甲基-3-喹喔啉-2-基-4-乙氧羰基异噁唑及其衍生物的合成

以α-氯代喹喔啉-2-甲醛肟(3)与乙酰乙酸乙酯的钠盐经1,3-偶极环加成制得关键中间体5-甲基-3-喹喔啉-2-基-4-乙氧羰基异噁唑(4). 以化合物4为原料在不同条件下, 合成了一系列新的1,3,4-噁二唑啉(7), 1,2,4-均三唑的Mannich碱衍生物10a～10f, 11a～11f, 12a～12f. 化合物的结构经元素分析, IR, 1H NMR和MS确认, 并对其波谱性质进行了讨论.     

十一种2,3-二取代喹喔啉-1,4-二氧化物抗菌剂的合成与谱学研究

采用直接氧化法和Beirut反应合成了十一种抗菌剂2,3-二取代喹喔啉-1。4-二氧化物.给出了完整的UV,IR,NMR数据和有关谱学特性.EPR研究表明这些N-氧化物在溶液光解过程中生成稳定的顺磁物.从含有2,3-环丁亚基喹喔啉-1,4-氧化物(2g)的氯仿溶液光解体系记录的EPR谱得到9.69G(1N)、3.59G(2H),1.25G(2H)和0.76G(1H)等超精细分裂值,指认为1-羟基-2,3-环丁亚甲基喹喔啉-4-氧基(4).指出喹喔啉-1,4-氧化物与对萘醌化合物有结构、物性的类似性.     

喹喔啉-三唑衍生物的设计与合成及其抗肿瘤活性

喹喔啉和1,2,3-三唑都是具有广泛生物活性的杂环结构母体。本文基于药物设计的拼合原理,以简单易得的邻苯二胺、苯乙炔及有机叠氮为原料,通过三组分"两步一锅法"将喹喔啉和1,2,3-三唑活性亚结构进行拼接,合成了一系列共14个新型喹喔啉-三唑衍生物(3a~3n)。该法操作简单,无需分离中间体,两步总产率52.6%~78.4%。合成的目标化合物结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR和HRMS确证。初步体外抗肿瘤活性测试表明,合成的目标化合物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性。     

α-卤代酮与芳香二胺经氧化-缩合过程一锅法合成喹喔啉衍生物

在二甲亚砜作用下, α-卤代酮与芳香1,2-二胺反应, 得到较高产率的喹喔啉衍生物. 结果表明反应经历一个串联的氧化-缩合过程. 二甲亚砜现场氧化α-卤代酮, 生成的二羰基化合物与芳香1,2-二胺缩合成喹喔啉衍生物.     

精喹禾灵中间体6-氯-2-喹喔啉醇的合成

综述了6-氯-2-喹喔啉醇的合成方法以及国内外研究动态和进展，参考文献20篇。6-氯-2-喹喔啉醇是-种重要的有机化工原料，是合成新型高效除草剂精喹禾灵原药的重要中间体，其合成一般通过6-氯-2-喹喔啉醇-4-氧化物的选择性还原来制取。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸和喹喔啉-2-羧酸残留

建立了动物源食品中喹喔啉类药物代谢残留标识物3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸和喹喔啉-2-羧酸的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品在酸性环境水解,经乙酸乙酯、磷酸盐缓冲液依次提取,Oasis MAX固相萃取小柱净化,用Waters Xterra MS C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm)分离,以甲醇-0.2%甲酸为流动相梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式检测,内标法定量。各物质在1.0～20.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均不低于0.9996; 3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸和喹喔啉-2-羧酸在0.1、0.2、1.0 μg/kg加标水平的回收率为62.4%～118%,相对标准偏差为1.48%～28.1%;定量限(以信噪比≥10计)为0.1 μg/kg。该方法简单、灵敏、稳定,可满足猪肉、猪肝、鸡肉、鸡肝、鱼、虾等动物源食品中3-甲基喹喔啉-2-羧酸和喹喔啉-2-羧酸残留的检测与确证需要。     

光/电催化喹喔啉酮官能团化反应研究进展

喹喔啉酮作为重要的含氮杂环骨架,广泛应用于抗菌化合物、抗肿瘤药物、半导体材料中.因此,开发新方法合成不同官能团化喹喔啉酮以丰富其结构多样性在近年来广受关注.在众多合成方法中,喹喔啉酮的直接C–H官能团化是一类步骤经济性较高、简便高效地构建喹喔啉酮衍生物的重要方法.近年来,光催化、电催化和光电催化技术已发展成为现代有机合成中强有力的绿色合成工具,可以有效利用光能或者电能促进有机化学转化,减少传统有机反应中的高能耗.过去几年,化学工作者在光/电催化喹喔啉酮的直接C–H官能团化反应方面进行了大量研究,开发了系列不同官能团化喹喔啉酮的绿色合成方法.本文系统总结了喹喔啉酮的光/电催化官能团化研究最新进展,重点讨论了光/电催化下自由基历程的喹喔啉酮C–H键直接官能团化反应,反应类型主要包括喹喔啉酮的3-芳基化、3-烷基化、3-氟烷基化、3-烷氧基化、3-酰化、3-氨基化、3-膦酰化、3-巯基化、3-硅烷基化和环化反应等方面,这将有助于理解光/电催化喹喔啉酮官能团化反应.反应在温和条件下可以成功产生各种碳中心或杂原子为中心的自由基,这些自由基进一步与喹喔啉酮的3-位进行加成反应,进而开发出众多有效的方法来合成不同官能团化的喹喔啉酮.这些条件温和的反应方法已经有部分成功应用于合成具有重要生物活性的喹喔啉酮化合物.此外,药物中常见的一些重要官能团,例如三氟甲基和二氟甲基等可以顺利地引入到喹喔啉酮骨架结构,这些研究为喹喔啉酮衍生物的生物活性相关研究奠定了基础.本文还对当前光/电催化喹喔啉酮官能团化反应所面临的挑战和未来发展作了展望和总结,期待在不久的将来,有机合成工作者能基于喹喔啉酮的C–H键直接官能团化开发更多不同类型的新反应.另一方面,需要进一步开发新型的非均相可见光催化剂,实现光催化剂的回收与再利用,进一步降低反应成本,促进其在药物开发、功能材料合成等应用方面的发展.     

1,4-二氧喹喔啉甲醛亚胺的合成和抑菌活性

1;4-二氧喹喔啉甲醛亚胺的合成和抑菌活性;二氧喹喔啉甲醛亚胺;合成;结构表征;抑菌活性     

取代喹喔啉-1,4-二氧化物合成方法的改进

苯并呋咱-1-氧化物(1)分别与1,3-二酮、β-酮酯(2a～c)在氢氧化钾(钠)的醇溶液中反应,合成了取代喹喔啉-1,4-二氧化物(3a～c),产率较高。将本方法与在有机胺中合成这些化合物的Beirut反应作了比较,并且讨论了溶剂和反应温度对产物的影响。     

5-Phenoxy Primaquine Analogs and the Tetraoxane Hybrid as Antimalarial Agents

The rapid emergence of drug resistance to the current antimalarial agents has led to the urgent need for the discovery of new and effective compounds. In this work, a series of 5-phenoxy primaquine analogs with 8-aminoquinoline core (7a–7h) was synthesized and investigated for their antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Most analogs showed improved blood antimalarial activity compared to the original primaquine. To further explore a drug hybrid strategy, a conjugate compound between tetraoxane and the representative 5-phenoxy-primaquine analog 7a was synthesized. In our work, the hybrid compound 12 exhibited almost a 30-fold increase in the blood antimalarial activity (IC₅₀ = 0.38 ± 0.11 μM) compared to that of primaquine, with relatively low toxicity against mammalian cells (SI = 45.61). Furthermore, we found that these 5-phenoxy primaquine analogs and the hybrid exhibit significant heme polymerization inhibition, an activity similar to that of chloroquine, which could contribute to their improved antimalarial activity. The 5-phenoxy primaquine analogs and the tetraoxane hybrid could serve as promising candidates for the further development of antimalarial agents.     

Design,Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of a New Series of N-aryl-N′-[4-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)benzyl]urea Derivatives

The development of cancer treatments requires continuous exploration and improvement, in which the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of cancer is still an important pathway. In this study, based on the molecular hybridization strategy, a new structural framework with an N-aryl-N’-arylmethylurea scaffold was designed, and 16 new target compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against four different cancer cell lines A549, MCF7, HCT116, PC3, and human liver normal cell line HL7702. The results have shown seven compounds with 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl groups having excellent activities against all four cancer cell lines, and they exhibited scarcely any activities against HL7702. Among them, compound 9b and 9d showed greatly excellent activity against the four kinds of cells, and the IC₅₀ for MCF7 and PC3 cell lines were even less than 3 μM.     

Structure–Activity Relationship Assessment of Sophorolipid Ester Derivatives against Model Bacteria Strains

Sophorolipids (SLs) are glycolipids that consist of a hydrophilic sophorose head group covalently linked to a hydrophobic fatty acid tail. They are produced by fermentation of non-pathogenic yeasts such as Candida Bombicola. The fermentation products predominantly consist of the diacetylated lactonic form that coexists with the open-chain acidic form. A systematic series of modified SLs were prepared by ring opening of natural lactonic SL with n-alkanols of varying chain length under alkaline conditions and lipase-selective acetylation of sophorose primary hydroxyl groups. The antimicrobial activity of modified SLs against Gram-positive human pathogens was a function of the n-alkanol length, as well as the degree of sophorose acetylation at the primary hydroxyl sites. Modified SLs were identified with promising antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive human pathogens with moderate selectivity (therapeutic index, TI = EC₅₀/MIC_{B. cereus} = 6–33). SL-butyl ester exhibited the best antimicrobial activity (MIC = 12 μM) and selectivity (TI = 33) among all SLs tested. Kinetic studies revealed that SL-ester derivatives kill B. cereus in a time-dependent manner resulting in greater than a 3-log reduction in cell number within 1 h at 2×MIC. In contrast, lactonic SL required 3 h to achieve the same efficiency.     

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Harmirins,Novel Harmine–Coumarin Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents

As cancer remains one of the major health burdens worldwide, novel agents, due to the development of resistance, are needed. In this work, we designed and synthesized harmirins, which are hybrid compounds comprising harmine and coumarin scaffolds, evaluated their antiproliferative activity, and conducted cell localization and cell cycle analysis experiments. Harmirins were prepared from the corresponding alkynes and azides under mild reaction conditions using Cu(I) catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition, leading to the formation of the 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring. Antiproliferative activity of harmirins was evaluated in vitro against four human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT116, SW620, and HepG2) and one human non-cancer cell line (HEK293T). The most pronounced activities were exerted against MCF-7 and HCT116 cell lines (IC₅₀ in the single-digit micromolar range), while the most selective harmirins were 5b and 12b, substituted at C-3 and O-7 of the β-carboline core and bearing methyl substituent at position 6 of the coumarin ring (SIs > 7.2). Further experiments demonstrated that harmirin 12b is localized exclusively in the cytoplasm. In addition, it induced a strong G1 arrest and reduced the percentage of cells in the S phase, suggesting that it might exert its antiproliferative activity through inhibition of DNA synthesis, rather than DNA damage. In conclusion, harmirin 12b is a novel harmine and coumarin hybrid with significant antiproliferative activity and warrants further evaluation as a potential anticancer agent.     

Design,Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel 2H-Benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-3(4H)-one Derivatives as New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia in people aged 65 and over. In the present study, a series of thiadiazole hybrid compounds with benzothiazine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were developed and evaluated for their biological activity. The AChE and BChE inhibition potentials of all compounds were evaluated by using the in vitro Ellman method. The biological evaluation showed that compounds 3i and 3j displayed significant inhibitory activity against AChE. Compounds 3i and 3j showed IC₅₀ values of 0.027 µM and 0.025 µM against AChE, respectively. The reference drug donepezil (IC₅₀ = 0.021 µM) also showed significant inhibition against AChE. Further docking simulation also revealed that these compounds (3i and 3j) interacted with the active site of the enzyme similarly to donepezil. The antioxidant study revealed that compounds 3i and 3j exhibited greater antioxidant effects. An in vitro blood–brain barrier permeability study showed that compounds 3i and 3j are promising compounds against AD. The cytotoxicity study of compounds 3i and 3j showed non-cytotoxic with an IC₅₀ value of 98.29 ± 3.98 µM and 159.68 ± 5.53 µM against NIH/3T3 cells, respectively.     

Synthesis and biological activities of(E)-β-farnesene analogues containing 1,2,3-thiadiazole

In order to discover novel compounds with high-activity to control aphid,a series of novel(E)-β-farnesene analogues containing 1,2,3-thiadiazole were designed and synthesized,and their structures were confirmed by IR,~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR,and HRMS(ESI).The stability of representative compounds was studied by HPLC and ~1H NMR techniques.Repellent activity results indicated that compounds 8h and 8j displayed 60.3%and 62.0%repellent rates,respectively.The aphicidal bioassay results showed that most analogues exhibited considerable aphicidal activity against Myzus persicae.Especially,analogues 81,8s and 8t exhibited high activity with LC_(50) values of 33.4 μg/mL,50.2 μg/mL and 61.8 μg/mL,respectively,which were higher than the lead compound(E)-β-farnesene,but lower than commercial insecticide pymetrozine with a LC_(50) of 7.1 μg/mL     

Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Newly Synthesized Hesperetin Derivatives

Hesperetin is a class of natural products with a wide range of sources and remarkable biological activities. In this study, we described the synthesis of a series of novel hesperetin derivatives and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activity of these compounds. Eleven novel compounds were synthesized in moderate yields. The compounds synthesized in this work exhibited antioxidant activities against DPPH and ABTS free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, compound 3f had the best antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ of 1.2 μM and 24 μM for DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The antitumor activity of the compounds against human cancer cell lines, such as breast MCF-7, liver HepG2, and cervical Hela, was determined by a standard 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Three compounds had moderate IC₅₀ values. Interestingly, compound 3f had better biological activity than hesperetin, which matches the prediction by Maestro from Schrödinger. Therefore, the new hesperidin derivative is a promising drug for the treatment of cancer due to its effective antitumor activity. The results also suggested that the antitumor activities of hesperetin derivatives may be related to their antioxidant activities.     

新型桃金娘烯醛基双酰胺-噻二唑化合物的合成及其抗真菌活性

以α-蒎烯为起始原料,经氧化制得桃金娘烯酸（3）;脂肪族二酸在POCl₃作用下与氨基硫脲经脱水环合制得脂肪族双噻二唑（4a~4h）; 4a~4h分别与3经脱水反应合成了8个新型的桃金娘烯醛基双酰胺噻二唑化合物（5a~5h）,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和ESI-MS表征。抗真菌活性测试结果表明,在用药量为50 μg·mL^-1时,5a~5h对黄瓜枯萎病菌、花生褐斑病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、番茄早疫病菌和小麦赤霉病菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中桃金娘烯醛-辛二酸基双酰胺-噻二唑(5f)对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制率为60.3%,桃金娘烯醛-丁二酸基双酰胺-噻二唑(5b)和桃金娘烯醛-癸二酸基双酰胺-噻二唑(5h)对小麦赤霉病菌的抑制率分别为52.8%和54.4%。     

Biologically active constituents of Aglaia erythrosperma

From the fruits and leaves of Aglaia erythrosperma (Meliaceae), 10 chemical constituents were isolated and identified, i.e. the dammarane triterpenoids cabraleadiol (1), cabraleahydroxylactone (2), ethyl eichlerianoate (3), eichlerialactone (4), aglinin A (5), cabralealactone (6), the aglaialactone 5,6-desmethylenedioxy-5-methoxy-aglalactone (7), the flavagline 4'-demethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy-methyl rocaglate (8) and two coumarins: scoparone and scopoletin. Flavagline 8 exhibited antimalarial activity with an IC(50) value of 7.30 μg mL(-1) and was strongly cytotoxic against small cell lung cancer (NCI-H187), epidermoid carcinoma (KB) and breast cancer (BC) cell lines, with IC(50) values of 2.17, 2.10 and 0.11 μg mL(-1), respectively. Aglinin A (5) displayed moderate cytotoxicity against all the three cancer cell lines, whereas ethyl eichlerianoate (3), cabralealactone (6) and the aglaialactone 7 were exclusively cytotoxic to NCI-H187 cell line. Cabraleahydroxylactone (2) showed antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type-1 with an IC(50) value of 3.20 μg mL(-1), in comparison with the standard acyclovir (IC(50)?= 1.90 μg mL(-1)). When tested for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Ra, compounds 1-4 and 6-8 displayed minimum inhibitory concentration in the range of 25-50 μg mL(-1).     

Design,Synthesis, and Anticancer Activities of Benzofuran–Isatin Hybrids Tethered by Pentylene and Hexylene

Fourteen benzofuran–isatin hybrids 6a – f and 7a – h tethered via alkyl linker (pentylene and hexylene) were designed and synthesized, and hybrids 6c – f and 7a – h were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against various human cancer cell lines. The majority of the hybrids were active against the tested cancer cells, and the most active hybrids 7g (half maximal inhibitory concentration/IC₅₀: 77.2–88.9 μM) and 7h (IC₅₀: 65.4–89.7 μM), which possessed broad spectrum anticancer activity were as potent as the reference vorinostat (IC₅₀: 64.2–>100 μM) against all tested cancer cell lines, could act as leads for further investigations. The structure–activity relationship is also discussed, and the enriched structure–activity relationship may afford useful information for further rational design of the candidates with higher activity.