平板网架结构分析的超级有限元法

本文给出一种二维矩形超级单元，用以分析平板网架结构、其做法是将大型平板网架结构离散成一系列矩形超级单元，考虑弯曲，剪切、挤压、拉压、翘曲等多种非经典变形效应，采用构件自由度向超级元自由度的转换把大型多构件问题的求解变为二维问题的求解，可大大减少未知量，又能保证精度，并可方便地与一般有限元软件连接。     

超级有限元法及其在结构工程中的应用

本文探讨一种基于半连续半离散思想，适用于复杂结构（如高层框架、剪力墙、桁架、网架等结构系统）工程分析的超级有限元，其结构数值分析是按连续体进行，但又按单个构件进行有限元计算。这种按整体系统进行离散所获得的单元内部包含众多构件，有别于一般常见的实体有限元，称为“超级有限元”。这种方法自由度数比一般有限元法少很多，又与单元内部所含构件数多少无关，并可求取结构内每个构件的内力值。     

超级有限元法及其在结构工程中的应用

本文探讨一种基于半连续半离散思想，适用于复杂结构（如高层框架、剪力墙、桁架、网架等结构系统）工程分析的超级有限元，其结构数值分析是按连续体进行，但又按单个构件进行有限元计算。这种按整体系统进行离散所获得的单元内部包含众多构件，有别于一般常见的实体有限元，称为“超级有限元”。这种方法自由度数比一般有限元法少很多，又与单元内部所含构件数多少无关，并可求取结构内每个构件的内力值。     

超级有限元法在桁架组合结构分析中的应用

本文针对复杂杆系组合结构静动力问题讨论一种简捷有效的数值计算方法——超级有限元法,首先介绍其一般原理,继而针对一大类复杂桁架空间杆系组合结构准三维化处理(用一维变量加以表征),并将其离散成一系列单元,考虑弯曲、剪切、挤压、拉伸压缩、扭转等多种非经典变形效应,通过采用构件端部自由度向超级元自由度的转换而把复杂多构件问题的求解变为少量一维结点变量问题的求解,既达到了简化的目的,又保证了精度,而且可方便地与通常的有限元法结合使用。文中还给出了有关杆系组合结构分析的数值算例。     

一种区间B样条小波平板壳单元及应用

基于二维张量积区间B样条小波,构造了一种件能良好的小波平板壳单元．在小波单元的构造过程中,用二维区间B样条小波尺度函数取代传统多项式插值,在所构造的区间B样条平面弹性单元和平面Mindlin板单元的基础上组合而成．区间B样条小波单元同时具有B样条函数数值逼近精度高和多种用于结构分析的基函数的特点．数值算例表明：与传统有限元和解析解相比,构造的小波平板壳单元具有求解精度高,单元数量和自由度少等优点．     

广义协调平板型矩形壳元

本文根据修正势能原理通过广义协调方法提出了一种列式简单的平板型矩形壳元ＧＣＲ２４。它在四个角点处各有六个自由度，总共二十四个自由度。作为一种极限协调元，单元的收敛性得到保证，并且不发生薄膜闭锁现象。通过标准问题的数值检验，表明本文提出的平板型矩形薄壳元是性能可靠、计算精度高的优质单元。     

广义协调元在薄壳自由振动分析中的应用

本文采用２０个自由度的矩形平板型壳单元分析薄筒壳自由振动问题。在文献（１）的基础上，将广义协调元的应用范围扩大到了壳体分析中，目的是找出简单实用的方法分析板壳这类具有特殊性质的结构。该单元由平面应力单元和平板弯曲单元经简单叠加而成，是一种性能良好的单元。沿用常规作法非常便利，程序容易实现。经算例验证，该单元自由度少，精度较好，实用方便，适合于工程应用。     

广义协调平板型矩形壳元

本文根据修正势能原理通过广义协调方法提出了一种列式简单的平板型矩形壳元ＧＣＲ２４。它在四个角点处各有六个自由度，总共二十四个自由度。作为一种极限协调元，单元的收敛性得到保证，并且不发生薄膜闭锁现象。通过标准问题的数值检验，表明本文提出的平板型矩形薄壳元是性能可靠，计算精度优质单元。     

组合网架分析的康托洛维奇－加权残数法

本文给出的组合网架的一种实用计算方法是用康托洛维奇法把二维平板问题转化成一维问题，而后用加权残数法得到问题的解，计算结果表明，本文方法计算简便且有相当的精度，亦可用于一般网架结构的设计．     

组合网架分析的康托洛维奇—加权残数法

本给出的组合网架的一种实用计算方法是用康托洛维奇法把二维平板问题转化成一维问题，而后用加权残数法得到问题的解，计算结果表明，本方法计算简便且有相当的精度，亦可用于一般网架结构的设计。     

含内埋矩形脱层复合材料圆柱壳屈曲分析的混合变量条形传递函数方法

提出了一种分析含内埋矩形脱层正交各向异性圆柱壳稳定性问题的混合变量条形传递函数方法。首先基于Mindlin一阶剪切壳理论,通过定义圆柱壳的广义力变量和混合变量,建立了壳的改进混合变量能量泛函;然后,为了便于脱层壳的分区求解,通过引入条形单元,创建了基于混合变量条形传递函数解的含脱层和不合脱层两种超级壳单元;在此基础上,将含内埋矩形脱层的复合材料层合壳划分成两种超级壳单元的组合体,通过各超级壳单元相互之间连接结点处的位移连续和力平衡条件得到脱层壳的屈曲方程;最后由屈曲方程计算含内埋矩形脱层壳的屈曲载荷和屈曲模态。算例分析的结果验证了本方法的正确性,并给出了几种因素对屈曲载荷和屈曲模态的影响。     

复合材料中矩形夹杂角端部力学行为分析

提出了一种分析矩形夹杂角端部奇异应力场的新型杂交有限元方法,该方法在分析矩形夹杂角端部奇异应力场时,需要在夹杂端部构造一个超级单元。超级单元的刚度矩阵可以通过夹杂端部特征问题数值解建立。我们用这种方法计算了单向载荷作用下无限大均质板中单个矩形夹杂角端部奇异应力场,并与现有的数值解进行了比较。比较结果表明:本文提出的方法是可行的、有效的,而且数值结果精度高。为说明本文方法适用范围更广,文章最后讨论了各向异性弹性材料和横观各向同性压电材料中矩形夹杂角端部电弹性场行为。     

A novel hybrid finite element analysis of inplane singular elastic field around inclusion corners in elastic media

This paper deals with the inplane singular elastic field problems of inclusion corners in elastic media by an ad hoc hybrid-stress finite element method. A one-dimensional finite element method-based eigenanalysis is first applied to determine the order of singularity and the angular dependence of the stress and displacement field, which reflects elastic behavior around an inclusion corner. These numerical eigensolutions are subsequently used to develop a super element that simulates the elastic behavior around the inclusion corner. The super element is finally incorporated with standard four-node hybrid-stress elements to constitute an ad hoc hybrid-stress finite element method for the analysis of local singular stress fields arising from inclusion corners. The singular stress field is expressed by generalized stress intensity factors defined at the inclusion corner. The ad hoc finite element method is used to investigate the problem of a single rectangular or diamond inclusion in isotropic materials under longitudinal tension. Comparison with available numerical results shows the present method is an efficient mesh reducer and yields accurate stress distribution in the near-field region. As applications, the present ad hoc finite element method is extended to discuss the inplane singular elastic field problems of a single rectangular or diamond inclusion in anisotropic materials and of two interacting rectangular inclusions in isotropic materials. In the numerical analysis, the generalized stress intensity factors at the inclusion corner are systematically calculated for various material type, stiffness ratio, shape and spacing position of one or two inclusions in a plate subjected to tension and shear loadings.     

采用有限单元法计算梁任意形状截面特性

采用将梁截面离散化的方式,用数值积分计算截面的几何特性,并根据梁剪切变形和扭转理论,利用变分原理建立截面的有限元法方程,求解任意形状截面的扭转常数、剪切中心以及剪切面积修正系数等特性.本方法适用于各种形式的截面,具有计算精度高及适应性强的特点.根据上述理论编制了相应程序,按照不同的单元划分方式,分别计算出矩形截面截面特性,与理论解进行比较;又对舟山市定海长峙至岙山预应力混凝土连续箱梁截面进行了计算,并与Ansys结果进行比较,均证明采用本文的计算方法能得到满意的结果,且该方法适用于各种形状的截面形式.     

ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS TO STRESS CONCENTRATION PROBLEM IN PLATES CONTAINING RECTANGULAR HOLE UNDER BIAXIAL TENSIONS

The stress concentration problem in structures with a circular or elliptic hole can be investigated by analytical methods. For the problem with a rectangular hole, only approximate results are derived. This paper deduces the analytical solutions to the stress concentration problem in plates with a rectangular hole under biaxial tensions. By using the U-transformation technique and the finite element method, the analytical displacement solutions of the finite element equations are derived in the series form. Therefore, the stress concentration can then be discussed easily and conveniently. For plate problem the bilinear rectangular element with four nodes is taken as an example to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method. The stress concentration factors for various ratios of height to width of the hole are obtained.     

A computational method for simulating transient motions of an incompressible inviscid fluid with a free surface

A new numerical method has been developed for the analysis of unsteady free surface flow problems. The problem under consideration is formulated mathematically as a two-dimensional non-linear initial boundary value problem with unknown quantities of a velocity potential and a free surface profile. The basic equations are discretized spacewise with a boundary element method and timewise with a truncated forward-time Taylor series. The key feature of the present paper lies in the method used to compute the time derivatives of the unknown quantities in the Taylor series. The use of the Taylor series expansion has enabled us to employ a variable time-stepping method. The size of time increment is determined at each time step so that the remainders of the truncated Taylor series should be equal to a given small error limit. Such a variable time-stepping technique has made a great contribution to numerically stable computations. A wave-making problem in a two-dimensional rectangular water tank has been analysed. The computational accuracy has been verified by comparing the present numerical results with available experimental data. Good agreement is obtained.     

Dynamic behavior of rectangular crack in three-dimensional orthotropic elastic medium by means of non-local theory

The dynamic behavior of a rectangular crack in a three-dimensional(3D)orthotropic elastic medium is investigated under a harmonic stress wave based on the non-local theory. The two-dimensional(2D) Fourier transform is applied, and the mixedboundary value problems are converted into three pairs of dual integral equations with the unknown variables being the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces. The effects of the geometric shape of the rectangular crack, the circular frequency of the incident waves,and the lattice parameter of the orthotropic elastic medium on the dynamic stress field near the crack edges are analyzed. The present solution exhibits no stress singularity at the rectangular crack edges, and the dynamic stress field near the rectangular crack edges is finite.     

Wave propagation in graded rings with rectangular cross-sections

In this paper, a double orthogonal polynomial series method is proposed to investigate the guided wave propagation in a two-dimensional (2-D) structure, namely, a FGM ring with a rectangular cross-section. Two kinds of graded rings are considered: material gradient directions being in the radial direction and in the axial direction respectively. Numerical comparison with available reference results for a straightly homogeneous rectangular bar illustrates the validity of the proposed method. The dispersion curves and displacement distributions of various FGM rings, which have different radius to thickness ratios, different material gradient directions and different thickness to height ratios, are calculated to reveal the guided wave characteristics.     

THE DIFFRACTION OF SECOND-ORDER BICHROMATIC WAVES BY A SEMI-IMMERSED HORIZONTAL RECTANGULAR CYLINDER

The diffraction of second-order bichromatic Stokes waves by a semi-immersed horizontal rectangular cylinder (prism) is investigated theoretically. The problem is assumed two-dimensional and the fluid domain is divided into three regions: upwave, beneath and downwave of the structure. Analytical expressions for the velocity potentials in each region at both first- and second-order are obtained by an eigenfunction expansion approach. The solutions in each fluid region are linked through matching conditions on the imaginary fluid interfaces between them. Semi-analytical expressions are derived for the sum-and difference-frequency hydrodynamic loads and the free-surface elevations upwave and downwave of the structure to second-order. Numerical results are presented which illustrate the influence of the different wave and structural parameters on these quantities at both first- and second-order.     

A numerical study of rotational and transverse galloping rectangular bodies

In this paper we investigate rotational and translational galloping instabilities due to fluid/structure interaction using a previously developed algorithm. This numerical technique utilizes a two-dimensional spectral/hp element method and a frame of reference transformation to ensure efficient computations. Both transverse and rotational motion of rectangular sections of varying aspect ratio are simulated for a Reynolds number of 250 and at reduced velocities which promote a galloping response. Qualitative comparisons with quasi-steady theory and experimental data are found to be favourable.