自复叠制冷系统混合工质配比研究

分析了混合工质组分选择时必须考虑的几个选配原则。针对一种五级自动复叠制冷循环混合工质的配比,分析了相关制冷工质的性能及非共沸混合工质的特性。根据所要达到的温度,选择了R22、R23、R 4、R740和R728五种制冷工质作为系统循环工质,应用制冷工质性能商业计算软件Refprop,对混合工质的配比进行了模拟计算,得到了可以接受的一种混合工质配比。     

螺旋管内超临界CO_2/DME混合工质冷却换热特性研究

CO_2/DME(Dimethyl ether二甲醚)混合工质作为制冷剂既可以降低CO_2单独使用时过高的工作压力,又可抑制二甲醚的可燃性。针对跨临界热泵系统中制冷剂在超临界压力下放热时复杂的传热性能,本文对超临界CO_2/DME混合工质和超临界CO_2在螺旋管内流动冷却的换热过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明,与纯CO_2相比,在高温区CO_2/DME混合工质的换热性能更优;通过比较不同配比的CO_2/DME混合工质的换热特性,得到了不同温度范围对应的换热性能最优的CO_2/DME混合工质配比。此外,对固定质量比的CO_2/DME混合工质,分别分析了不同质量流速和热流密度下的流体温度、壁面温度及传热系数的变化规律,并与纯CO_2传热系数的变化进行了对比。该研究为制冷剂选取及热泵系统中气冷器的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

混合工质充注量/配比对自复叠制冷循环特性影响

混合工质充注量、混合工质配比以及外界环境温度是自复叠制冷循环工作特性重要影响因素.本文提出新的定密度法研究变工况下自复叠制冷循环的工作特性.建立了组成系统部件热力学数学模型,分析了混合工质充注量、混合工质配比以及外界环境温度等参数对自行复叠制冷循环的工作特性影响,并得出有指导意义结论.     

混合工质J-T节流制冷机中换热器特性的试验研究

文中介绍了对混合工质 J- T节流制冷机中换热器特性实验研究的结果 ,指出多组分混合工质 J- T节流制冷机及其换热器设计过程中 ,混合工质组分配比对整机及换热器换热和流动有重要影响 ,选择组分配比时要统筹考虑混合工质小温差换热段的出现位置及其长度的综合影响。     

混合工质热声发动机热力特性的试验研究

在自行研制的"驻波型热声发动机试验平台"上,对采用He/Ar混合工质的驻波热声发动机系统的热力特性进行了详细的试验研究.试验结果表明:采用混合工质可以有效地提高热声发动机的热力性能,当氦氩配比为4:1时,系统压比较纯质提高50%以上;另外,采用混合工质可以明显地降低系统的起振温度与消振温度,当氦氩配比在30%～50%之间时,起振温度和消振温度平均较纯质降低50℃和40℃左右,尤其是较低的起振温度意味着可直接利用低品位热量作为驱动热源,从而扩宽了热声发动机的适用范围.     

150K温区混合工质采用带预冷的林德制冷机的实验研究

提出了利用带预冷的林德制冷系统获得了150K温区的制冷方案。建立了实验装置,进行了不同配比的三元混合工质(R23/R14/Ar)的制冷循环的性能实验。实验结果表明:三元混合工质(R23/R14/Ar)的最佳配比为0.46:0.39:0.15,在无热负荷时,制冷温度为150K时,降温时间为85m in。     

多元混合工质筛选及配比原则的研究

1前言目前，混合工质组元的筛选及配比的优化问题一直困绕着人们。对于如何通过筛选合理的组元及配比，国内外学者对此问题进行了初步的研究。这些文献大都从物性着手，把注意力集中在物性、循环特性的理论和简单匹配上，往往忽略系统设备和实际应用中存在的问题对混合工质组元的筛选及配比的影响。本文从循环本身出发，探讨混合工质组元的筛选及配比的优化问题。2混合工质组元筛选的分析从理论上讲，几种优势互补的纯工质经合理配比，总可望得到与被替代物性能相当的混合物。但如何通过筛选合理的组元以保证因泄漏而再补充新混合工质后系统…     

一种三级自动复叠制冷的模拟

通过美国标准和技术研究所开发的软件程序计算出了混合工质在不同配比下的物理性质;最终以要求的制冷量为标准,确定了混合工质的最佳配比;并通过分析计算,得出了一个三级自动复叠系统中各测点的状态参数;最后分析了压缩机高、低压对系统性能的影响。     

混合工质在J-T制冷器中的实验研究

通过对混合工质的设计计算 ,初步确定了混合工质的配比 ,并经实验分析其结果 ,证明与原先设想较为吻合 ,达到了实验目的     

基于最小传热熵增的混合工质最佳组成

本根据在给定工质相变温度与热源温度最小温差点（献称Ｐｉｎｃｈ－ｐｏｉｎｔ）温差数值的前提下，通过选择工质组成，使单位传热量所引起的不可逆熵增最小，提出了一个基于最小传热熵增为目标的混合工质最佳组成的确定方法，并分析计算比较了二元混合工质和多元混合工质在减少传热熵增的不同效果，结果表明，多元混合工质比二元混合工质在减少不可逆熵增方面具有更大的优越性。     

一种三级自动复叠制冷系统的试验研究

本文提出一种三级自动复叠的制冷系统,搭建了相应的研究装置,采用R134 a/R23/R14混合制冷剂,对试验装置和混合制冷剂组分的优化试验。并对降温过程中制冷系统中混合制冷剂合流特性进行了分析。     

复叠系统低温级制冷剂的循环性能对比实验

通过实验测试,比较了不同冷凝温度和蒸发温度下复叠系统低温级常用制冷工质R13、R23、R503和RS08B的COP、压比及制冷量等循环性能,又结合各制冷工质的环境性能、热工性能,分析了现有常用复叠系统低温级制冷工质各自的优缺点,为新工质的开发及进一步的制冷性能对比实验工作提供了有益的帮助.     

150K自动复叠制冷系统的实验研究

文中建立了一套单级压缩、四级分凝的自动复叠制冷系统,通过测试,低温槽内5L液体载冷剂能够达到150K。对各级节流后的降温情况进行分析,并指出制冷剂配比不同时所造成的影响。     

Effect of carbon materials on the graphite-diamond phase transition at high pressures and temperatures

Experimental data are used in an attempt to unravel the mechanism underlying the effect of modification of a graphite blend by fullerenes on the diamond synthesis at high pressures and temperatures in the presence of metal catalysts. Diamonds have been synthesized under different conditions in a wide range of temperatures and at different pressures, and the effects of blend modification by fullerenes and by addition of natural microcrystalline diamonds to a blend on the diamond synthesis at high pressures and temperatures have been compared.     

Flow condensing heat transfer of R410A,R22, and R32 inside a micro-fin tube

An experimental study of condensation heat transfer characteristics of flow inside horizontal micro-fin tubes is carried out using R410A, R22, and R32 as the test fluids. This study especially focuses on the influence of heat transfer area upon the condensation heat transfer coefficients. The test sections were made of double tubes using the counter-flow type; the refrigerants condensation inside the test tube enabled heat to exchange with cooling water that flows from the annular side. The saturation temperature and pressure of the refrigerants were measured at the inlet and outlet of the test sections to defined state of refrigerants, and the surface temperatures of the tube were measured. A differential pressure transducer directly measured the pressure drops in the test section. The heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops were calculated using the experimental data. The condensation heat transfer coefficient was measured at the saturation temperature of 48°C with mass fluxes of 50–380 kg/(m²s) and heat fluxes of 3–12 kW/m². The values of experimental heat transfer coefficient results are compared with the predicted values from the existing correlations in the literature, and a new condensation heat transfer coefficient correlation is proposed.     

可燃制冷剂惰化机理及实验研究

制冷剂的可燃性在一定程度上限制了其使用范围。通过基团贡献法分析了阻燃剂对可燃工质的抑制系数,结合燃烧学理论,对火焰传播速度和卤素工质的浓度变化关系进行了分析,得到了混合工质中阻燃剂的最小惰化浓度理论估算公式。对二元混合工质爆炸极限进行了实验研究,结果表明,可燃制冷剂在化学计量浓度下,当火焰传播速度准确时,理论估算值和实...     

制冷空调系统替代工质的发展现状及方向

本文主要针对CFC11、CFC12以及HCFC22介绍了目前替代工质的发展现状,阐述了混合工质以及氨、二氧化碳、碳氢化合物等自然工质作为替代工质的特点以及其发展现状,总结了制冷空调系统替代工质的发展方向。     

Structure and Properties of Ultradrawn Polylactide/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer Blends

Highly oriented self-reinforced 80/20 blends of polylactide (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) were successfully fabricated through solid hot stretching technology. Different from the isotropic sample, stress rose rapidly in a low strain region, and exhibited strain hardening for the drawn samples of the PLA/TPU blend. Superior mechanical properties of the blend, with the notched Charpy impact strength 150 KJ/m², and tensile strength 197 MPa, were achieved. With increasing hot stretch ratio, the storage modulus increased, the glass transition temperatures of the PLA-rich phase and TPU-rich phase in the blends moved to higher temperatures, and the melting temperature and crystallinity of the blend increased, indicating the stress-induced crystallization of the blend during drawing. The longitudinal fracture surfaces of the blends at different stretch ratios exhibited orderly arranged fibrillar bundle structure, which contributed to the significantly higher strength and toughness of the blend.     

低GWP的HCFCs替代制冷剂的可行性研究

阐述了目前HCFCs替代的形势、替代制冷剂和替代技术路线。从各个方面介绍了几种有潜力的单一替代制冷剂R32、R161、R1234yf和R1234ze等。并对将来替代制冷剂的发展进行分析,认为混合制冷剂是大势所趋。     

Large magnetic entropy change and magnetic properties in La （Fel－xMnx）ll.TSil.3Hy compounds

Magnetic properties and magnetic entropy change in La(Fe_{1-x}Mn_x)_{11.7}Si_{1.3}H_y compounds have been investigated. A significant increase of the Curie temperature T_C and a small increase of the saturation magnetizations μ_S have been observed after the introduction of interstitial H, which caused a slight volume expansion. The first-order field-induced itinerant-electron metamagnetic (IEM) transition remains and brings about a large magnetic entropy change around room temperatures for the compounds. The maximal magnetic entropy change is about 23.4, 17.7 and 15.9J/kg·K under a magnetic field change from 0 to 5T for x=0.01, 0.02 and 0.03, respectively. Therefore, the compounds appear to be potential candidates for magnetic refrigerants around room temperatures.