A complex variable meshless method for fracture problems

1 Introduction The meshless (or meshfree) method has been a hot topic and the development trend of numerical methods for many science and engineering problems in recent years. Comparing with the conventional numerical methods, such as the finite element method and the boundary element method, the meshless method is an approximation based on nodes, and does not form a mesh to determine the shape function in the domain, in which a problem is to be solved. The meshless method has some advantages …     

气动驱动变厚变曲率反射镜技术

以环形线负载驱动模型为基础,分析了环形线负载驱动变曲率反射镜难以兼顾大中心形变与高精度面形保持的原因;从薄板弹性理论出发,得到了一种气动驱动变厚变曲率反射镜物理模型.理论分析表明,将反射镜的厚度分布从等厚改为变厚,并采用气压均匀驱动替代推力环环形驱动,反射镜不仅能产生大的中心形变,而且在形变过程中的面形精度也远高于环形线负载驱动变曲率反射镜的.基于超硬铝反射镜样片的试验验证了对变厚变曲率反射镜的理论分析;试验中,反射镜初始面形精度接近λ/50(632.8nm),施加0.032 MPa驱动气压产生约22μm中心形变时,反射镜面形精度依然优于λ/20(632.8nm),证明该气动驱动结合变厚设计这一技术具有较大的应用潜力.     

Measuring masses of semi-invisibly decaying particle pairs produced at hadron colliders

We introduce a variable useful for measuring masses of particles which are pair produced at hadron colliders, where each particle decays to one particle that is directly observable and another particle whose existence can only be inferred from missing transverse momentum. This variable is closely related to the transverse mass variable commonly used for measuring the W mass at hadron colliders, and like the transverse mass our variable extracts masses in a reasonably model independent way. Without considering either backgrounds or measurement errors we consider how our variable would perform measuring the mass of selectrons in a mSUGRA SUSY model at the LHC.     

New localized excitations and cross-like fractal structures to the (2+1)-dimensional Broer–Kaup system

A broad general variable separation solution with two arbitrary lower-dimensional functions of the (2+1)-dimensional Broer–Kaup (BK) equations was derived by means of a projective equation method and a variable separation hypothesis. Based on the derived variable separation excitation, some new special types of localized solutions such as oscillating solitons, instanton-like and cross-like fractal structures are revealed by selecting appropriate functions of the general variable separation solution.     

基于PLS的水体重金属LIBS特征变量筛选方法研究

在水体重金属激光诱导等离子体光谱定量分析中,一般提取光谱的多个特征变量进行浓度反演,但变量之间所包含的光谱信息可能存在重叠,回归模型的复杂程度也随之增大。为提取有效特征变量,研究了基于偏最小二乘法(PLS)的变量筛选方法。该方法以待测元素浓度为因变量,多个与待测元素浓度相关的LIBS光谱特征值为自变量,进行PLS建模;依据各原始变量的投影重要性指标值进行变量筛选,提取最优变量子集。结果表明湖库水体中Pb元素的最优变量子集为Pb Ⅰ 405.78 nm峰值及峰值前相邻点光谱值、内标校正值和信背比值,训练集的复相关系数R2_m=0.912。以优化变量组合进行PLS回归分析,测试集预测结果的RSD和RE分别为10.2%和7.9%,显著优于内标法的预测结果。结果还表明,变量筛选结果对于不同元素和不同水样具有一定适用性。研究结果为水体重金属LIBS定量分析提供了优质特征数据,研究方法为其他涉及变量筛选的定量分析提供了参考。     

变反射率镜非稳腔的研究进展

回顾了变反射率镜非稳腔的研究历史,总结了实现变反射率的方法,分析了它们的优缺点,最后列表总结了典型使用VRM作为非稳腔输出耦合器的实验参数和结果.为大能量固体激光器的设计提供了理论和实验参考.     

Regularization of reaction progress variable for application to flamelet-based combustion models

Many combustion models that are based on the flamelet paradigm employ a reaction progress variable. While such a progress variable is well defined for one-step reaction kinetics, this is typically not the case for complex chemical mechanisms. Consequently, several expressions for a progress variable have been utilized. In this paper a formal method for the generation of a reaction progress variable is proposed that is optimal with respect to a set of constraints. The potential of the method is demonstrated in applications to partially premixed and diffusion flames, and the extension to premixed combustion is discussed. It is shown that the proposed method can lead to significant improvements in the definition of an optimal progress variable over conventional formulations, essentially eliminating the expert knowledge previously required in identifying such quantities.     

Noether’s theorem for fractional variational problems of variable order

We prove a necessary optimality condition of Euler-Lagrange type for fractional variational problems with derivatives of incommensurate variable order. This allows us to state a version of Noether’s theorem without transformation of the independent (time) variable. Considered derivatives of variable order are defined in the sense of Caputo.     

变频控制直接膨胀式太阳能热泵的数值模拟

文中通过对变频控制直接膨胀式太阳能热泵的数值模拟,指出PV/T- SAHP系统实现变频控制从而解决太阳能热泵集热器面积与压缩机的容量不匹配的关键问题是找到系统集热/蒸发器的MSS线.为变工况下太阳能热泵系统的研究提供参考.     

The stellar interferometry of a star cluster with a prominent variable

By subtracting the autocorrelation pattern of a star cluster with a prominent variable obtained by stellar interferometry at the time of variable minimum from a similar pattern taken at the time of variable maximum, all cross terms due to non-variable stars disappear and the resultant pattern greatly simplifies the interpretation of the cluster.     

Soliton Fusion and Fission Phenomena in the (2+1)-Dimensional Variable Coefficient Broer-Kaup System

In this paper, the general projective Riccati equation method is applied to derive variable separation solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional variable coefficient Broer-Kaup system. By further studying, we find that these variable separation solutions obtained by PREM, which seem independent, actually depend on each other. Based on the variable separation solution and choosing suitable functions p and q, new types of fusion and fission phenomena among bell-like semi-foldons are firstly investigated.     

基于信息熵的变星光谱快速识别方法

变星对人类研究宇宙的起源与发展具有重要意义,对于变星研究的困难首先源于对变星的筛选和识别,即如何从海量恒星光谱数据中有效识别变星光谱。传统的异常数据定义试图通过不同的方式寻找异常数据与一般模式之间的偏差,进而予以定量分析和筛选。然而,这种方法的时间复杂度过大,且结果存在不可理解和无法解释的问题。文章利用熵可以反映系统有序程度与稳定程度的特性,引入信息熵作为衡量数据集一般模式的标准,提出了基于信息熵的变星光谱快速识别方法。该方法显著降低了算法的时间复杂度,有效地消除了人为主观因素对识别结果的影响。采用国家天文台提供的Sloan数字巡天数据实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于单片机的温度控制系统的设计

针对单片机温度控制系统采用传统控制方法容易出现响应速度慢、振荡剧烈、控制精度低等问题,对单片机温度控制系统的硬件电路、控制精度、控制算法等方面进行了设计研究。基于以AT89C51单片机为核心运用DS18B20温度传感器的温度控制系统,提出了变论域模糊PID控制算法,将变论域模糊控制和PID控制相结合,结合生猪猪舍温度控制系统对传统PID控制算法以及变论域模糊PID控制进行对比分析。实验结果表明,设计的温度控制系统采用了变论域模糊PID控制算法,提高了控制精度,加快了系统的响应速度,从而增强了温度控制系统的实用性,产生了重要的实际工程意义。     

90年代天体物理对物理学的挑战（续）

９０年代天体物理对物理学的挑战（续）杨祥（高等教育出版社物理室，北京１００００９）２．３高能天体物理观测项目１）康普顿（γ射线）空间天文台（ＣＧＲＯ）ＣＧＲＯ由美国戈达德（Ｇｏｄｄａｒｄ）空间飞行中心高能天体物理实验室负责研制，于１９７９年开始设计，...     

近红外光谱分析中的变量选择算法研究进展

随着人们对近红外光谱分析技术了解的深入,人们发现通过剔除近红外光谱中的冗余变量不仅可以简化近红外光谱分析模型,提高模型的可解读性,通常还可以提高模型的预测效果及稳健性。变量选择的有效性已经在各种近红外光谱应用体系中得到了广泛的验证,发展成为了近红外光谱分析建模过程中一个越来越重要的步骤。为此,化学计量学家们近些年来开发了大量原理不同的新型变量选择算法,基于各种原理的衍生算法也层出不穷。为了让近红外光谱分析研究人员能够较为迅速地对这些算法的特点有所认识,对目前常见的各种变量选择算法的算法原理和优缺点进行了梳理。根据各种算法依据的原理不同,将目前近红外光谱领域常见的变量选择算法大致分为基于偏最小二乘模型参数,基于智能优化算法,基于连续投影策略,基于模型集群分析策略和基于变量区间等五类。在梳理的过程中,我们发现变量选择算法的发展趋势目前主要集中在以下两点：第一,算法的复杂程度不断提高;第二,不同变量选择算法之间的联用开始逐渐增多。此外,作者结合自身在应用变量选择算法时的体会和思考,还总结了变量选择算法在应用层面上存在的一些问题。例如光谱预处理方法对变量选择算法使用效果的影响,以及部分算法存在的稳定性较差,选择变量的可靠性存疑等。     

变质量非完整系统Tzénoff方程的Lie对称性与其导出的守恒量

航天器运行系统大都属于变质量力学系统,变质量力学系统的对称性和守恒量隐含着航天系统更深刻的物理规律.本文首先导出了变质量非完整力学系统的Tzénoff方程,然后研究了变质量非完整力学系统Tzénoff方程的Lie对称性及其所导出的守恒量,给出了这种守恒量的函数表达式和导出这种守恒量的判据方程.该研究结果对进一步探究变质量系统所遵循的守恒规律具有一定的理论价值.     

Bäcklund Transformation,Lax Pair and Solitons of the (2+1)-dimensional Davey-Stewartson-like Equations with Variable Coefficients for the Electrostatic Wave Packets

The (2+1)-dimensional Davey-Stewartson-like equations with variable coefficients have the applications in the ultra-relativistic degenerate dense plasmas and Bose-Einstein condensates. Via the Bell polynomials and symbolic computation, the bilinear form, Bäcklund transformation and Lax pair for such equations are obtained. Based on the Hirota method, we construct the soliton solutions, analyze the elastic collisions with the constant and variable coefficients, and observe that solitons no longer keep rectilinear propagation and display different shapes because of the variable coefficients. Besides, localized excitations are derived through the variable separation.     

基于LPV的航空发动机鲁棒变增益控制

随着我国现代化进程的不断加快,航天航空技术标准越来越高,对于航空发动机运转工况的鲁棒性和适应性提出了更高的要求。传统的航空发动机变增益设计步骤繁琐,不能将发动机置于整个航空器的运转去考虑设计,使发动机变增益缺乏相应的稳定性和适应性,易出现系统问题。为此,提出一般基于LPV的航空发动机鲁棒变增益控制系统,依据航空发动机结构参数,考虑到航空器在空中负载特性,计算出新的约束极点 模糊变增益,在航空器发动机工作范围连续增益,避免了传统增益切换情况,在转速控制上确定误差等因素,将非线性控制设计分解为多个线性子问题,使航空器控制系统能够沿着LPV参数轨迹保持良好的运转,保持稳定性能。仿真实验证明,提出的基于LPV的航空发动机鲁棒变增益控制系统控制效果优于传统方法,在航空器发动机转速改变时,控制精度能够满足要求 ,改变航空器负载时,有效对目标进行变增益控制。提出的控制方法对航空发动机鲁棒变增益控制问题提供了新的解决办法,具有较大应用价值。     

Variable shape or variable diameter flattop beam tailored by using an adaptive weight FFT-based iterative algorithm and a phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator

The variable shape or variable diameter flattop beam shaping technique by using an adaptive weight FFT-based iterative algorithm (AWFFT-IA) and a phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator (PO-LCSLM) is demonstrated. The algorithm is used to design the phase distribution for tailoring central symmetric laser beam into the desired shape or diameter flattop beam, the PO-LCSLM serves as dynamically programmable phase filters, which depend on the designed phase distributions, to retard the incident wavefront as we would expect. The experimental results show that the technique can realize variable shape or variable diameter flattop beam shaping.     

变截面杆共轴撞击数值分析及其应用前景

 为对弹性杆共轴撞击这一应力波基础问题进行扩展研究,基于非线性动力学软件LS-DYNA建立了有限元模型,分析了共轴撞击的变截面杆的形态参数对波形的影响规律,探讨了应力波产生的机理,并对其应用前景进行了展望。结果表明,由于变截面效应,一定形态参数的变截面杆共轴撞击可以得到具备波阵面平滑上升,较长的前沿升时和消除了波形振荡等特性的应力波;该特性是变截面杆撞击这一过程的内在属性,主要由变截面段的最小半径控制,变截面段长度仅对局部形态产生影响,对加载速度的变化不敏感;半无限长的变截面杆共轴撞击规律可在应力波加工等领域应用。由此可见,该规律对基础性理论进行了扩展,应用前景广阔。