苯基修饰二氧化硅纳米片纤维的制备及其对多环芳烃的固相微萃取

采用水热处理和溶胶-凝胶法在镍钛合金（NiTi）纤维表面组装了二氧化硅纳米片（SiO₂NFs）,成功制备了新型SiO₂纤维涂层,并用苯基三氯硅烷进行了自组装表面修饰,得到了可用于固相微萃取（SPME）的NiO/TiO₂@SiO₂NFs-Ph纤维。将制备的SPME纤维与高效液相色谱联用,通过对典型芳香化合物的分析评价了所制备纤维的萃取性能。该纤维对多环芳烃（PAHs）具有较高的萃取率和良好的萃取选择性。实验优化了pH值、搅拌速率、萃取温度、萃取时间和离子强度对PAHs萃取率的影响。在优化条件下,5种PAHs在各自的范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r）大于0.999,检出限为0.013~0.108 μg/L。使用单根纤维对含有50 μg/L PAHs的加标水样进行萃取,其含量的日内及日间RSD分别为4.1%~5.9%和4.8%~6.8%。实际环境水样中5种PAHs在10 μg/L和30 μg/L加标水平下的加标回收率分别为90.8%~105.7%和93.6%~103.1%。该法制备的NiO/TiO₂@SiO₂NFs-Ph纤维稳定性高、制备重现性好,适用于环境水样中目标PAHs的富集和测定。     

聚苯胺/二氧化钛纳米管固相微萃取纤维的组装及应用

以钛丝表面原位阳极氧化生成的二氧化钛纳米管为基体,通过电聚合苯胺组装得到新型聚苯胺包覆二氧化钛复合纳米管阵列固相微萃取纤维。实验讨论了无机酸介质、苯胺浓度和氧化电压对电聚合苯胺的影响,经过对纤维表面形貌和元素成分的分析,得到最佳的纤维涂层条件：电解液组成为1 mol/L的H₂SO₄-0.5 mol/L的苯胺,聚合电压10 V,氧化时间60 min。采用所制备的纤维与高效液相色谱联用萃取水样中的紫外线吸收剂并优化萃取条件,固相微萃取条件如下：萃取时间40 min,解吸时间4 min,萃取温度40℃,搅拌速率600 r/min,样品溶液中不加NaCl。同时对环境水样中的目标物分析测定,并做加标试验,目标分析物的平均回收率为78.2%~118%,相对标准偏差为4.4%~8.9%。该方法简便、灵敏、准确,适用于环境水样中紫外线吸收剂的快速测定。     

硫化铜掺杂二氧化钛纳米颗粒固相微萃取纤维制备及应用

利用化学沉积法在高温退火后的TiO2纳米颗粒上原位组装硫化铜掺杂TiO2复合固相微萃取纤维(CuS@TiO₂NPs/Ti)。优化了钛丝氧化时间、 TiO₂退火温度、 CuS的循环沉积次数。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜和能量色散X-射线光谱仪对纤维表面进行形貌表征和成分分析。将制备的固相微萃取纤维与高效液相色谱联用(SPME-HPLC)，测定水溶液中的典型芳香化合物。在最佳固相微萃取条件下，该纤维对多环芳烃(PAHs)萃取分析的回归方程线性范围为0.15～200μg/L，线性相关系数在0.9913～0.9985之间；检出限和定量限分别为0.02～0.04μg/L和0.07～0.13μg/L。单个纤维测定5次和3根纤维测定3次的相对标准偏差分别在3.2%～4.3%和4.6%～6.8%之间。利用该纤维开发的SPME-HPLC的方法，可应用于复杂环境水样中PAHs的灵敏测定。     

电镀法制备Pt/TiO2纳米管电极及其电催化析氢性能

采用阳极氧化法制备得到锐钛矿型二氧化钛(TiO₂)纳米管阵列,在其表面通过电镀法沉积Pt,得到了低铂的Pt/TiO₂纳米管电极(Pt/TiO₂?NTs)。通过扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对其进行形貌表征后发现,Pt较为均匀地分布于TiO₂纳米管阵列中。进一步的电催化析氢结果表明,Pb/TiO₂?NTs在10 mA·cm^-2时,过电位为0.079 V,塔菲尔斜率为42.7 mV·dec-1,较Pt/TiO₂致密膜电极(Pt/TiO₂?F)以及商业Pt/C催化剂显示了更为优异的催化活性。同时,在长循环稳定性测试(3000个周期)中,Pb/TiO₂?NTs相较于上述2种对比电极显示了更为优异的稳定性。     

LaNiO3/TiO2纳米管阵列的电化学制备及其光催化性能

利用脉冲电沉积与高温退火相结合的方法制备了镍酸镧(LaNiO₃)纳米颗粒负载的二氧化钛(TiO₂)纳米管阵列. 修饰于TiO₂纳米管阵列上的LaNiO₃纳米颗粒粒径小（< 10 nm）、分布均匀、负载量可控,一些LaNiO₃纳米颗粒沉积于TiO₂纳米管内. 紫外可见吸收光谱显示,LaNiO₃/TiO₂纳米管阵列的吸收带边较TiO₂纳米管阵列明显红移,可见光吸收明显增强. 可见光下光催化降解罗丹明B（RhB）的结果表明,脉冲循环沉积500次制得的LaNiO₃/TiO₂纳米管阵列的光催化活性最佳,其对RhB光催化降解速率是TiO₂纳米管阵列的3.5倍,并且表现出极好的光催化稳定性.     

Z型g-C3N4/Pt/TiO2纳米管阵列复合电极的制备及光电氧化甲醇性能

以NH₄Cl为气体模板吹制双氰胺制备g-C₃N₄纳米片, 并将其负载于Pt/TiO₂纳米管阵列(Pt/TiO₂ NTs)上, 制备了一种新型的Z型g-C₃N₄/Pt/TiO₂NTs复合电极材料. 通过扫描电子显微镜、 X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱对该材料的结构进行了表征, 采用电化学和光电化学方法研究了材料的性能. 研究结果显示, 在可见光照射下, g-C₃N₄/Pt/TiO₂ NTs复合材料具有高效的光电氧化甲醇的性能. 该复合材料的高性能主要归因于以下两点： (1) g-C₃N₄与Pt/TiO₂NTs的结合有效扩展了其在可见光范围的吸收; (2) Z型电荷转移保留了具有强氧化能力的空穴和强还原能力的电子, 从而使光生中间体作用于电催化过程增强了甲醇氧化效率.     

原位组装TiO2纳米管阵列固相微萃取-高效液相色谱联用测定环境水样中痕量紫外线吸收剂

用阳极氧化法在钛丝表面原位组装了TiO2纳米管阵列(TNTs)作为固相微萃取(SPME)纤维头,TNTs的孔径在100~150 nm之间,壁厚为20~30 nm。与高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用,考察了TNTs-SPME纤维头对水样中痕量紫外线吸收剂的吸附效率,优化了实验条件。所建立TNTs-SPME-HPLC法测定紫外线吸收剂的线性范围为0.2~400μg/L,检出限为0.05~0.37μg/L(S/N=3);对于加标50μg/L的水样平行进行5次测量,同一微萃取头在单日内和隔日间的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为6.8%~9.2%和10%~13%,重复制作微萃取头的RSD为9.7%~14%。方法用于环境水样分析结果表明,实际水样加标回收率为85.9%~113.2%。所制作微萃取纤维头适用于测定环境水样中的痕量紫外线吸收剂。     

基于纳米TiO2和TiN为工作电极的循环伏安法测定过氧化氢的含量

制备了纳米TiO₂、TiN材料,将其作为工作电极,建立了循环伏安法测定过氧化氢含量的方法。将钛片置于含10.0 g氟化铵、0.6 g脲、24 mL 30%（质量分数）过氧化氢溶液、24 mL硝酸组成的抛光液中进行下表面抛光处理,再加入15 mL丙酮、15 mL无水乙醇、15 mL水,超声处理15 min后,得到光亮钛片。以光亮钛片为阳极,普通钛片为阴极,在不同电解质[TiO₂粗糙膜对应的电解质为1.0 mol·L^-1硫酸溶液;TiO₂纳米管为50 mL丙三醇、50 mL水、0.2 mol·L^-1硫酸溶液、0.5%（质量分数）氟化钠溶液;TiO₂纳米孔为100 mL乙二醇、1 mL水、0.38%（质量分数）氟化铵溶液]中,采用阳极氧化法,得到不同形貌大小的TiO₂粗糙膜、TiO₂纳米管、TiO₂纳米孔;再通过氨气热还原,得到TiN粗糙膜、TiN纳米管、TiN纳米孔。以TiO₂     

Pt/TiO2纳米纤维的制备及其对甲醇的电催化氧化活性

采用静电纺丝技术结合还原浸渍法制备了Pt/TiO₂纳米纤维电催化剂, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能谱(EDS)等测试手段对样品的晶相、形貌、微结构和化学组成进行了表征. 测试结果表明, TiO₂纳米纤维为锐钛矿和金红石组成的混晶, Pt 纳米颗粒均匀地分布于TiO₂纳米纤维的表面, 且Pt 颗粒大小较均一, 平均粒径为4.0 nm, Pt/TiO₂纳米纤维中Pt 的质量分数约为20%. 采用三电极体系的循环伏安和计时电流电化学分析方法研究了样品在酸性溶液中对甲醇的电催化氧化活性, 结果表明, 与负载相同质量分数Pt 的Pt/P25 和商业Pt/C 催化剂相比较, Pt/TiO₂纳米纤维催化剂对甲醇呈现出较高的电催化氧化活性和更好的稳定性.     

CdS超薄片层包覆TiO2中空结构复合材料的形成和应用

本实验以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,醋酸镉为镉源,利用静电纺丝的方法制备了直径~250 nm的电纺丝纳米纤维。通过高温煅烧和硫化钠溶液进行水热处理,得到CdS超薄片层包覆TiO₂中空结构的纳米纤维。推测该复合结构形貌的形成过程为:在Ti/Cd(摩尔比)为1:1和2:1时,由于CdO的含量较高,反应过程中CdO溶解,并与反应溶液中的S^2-形成CdS超薄片层生长在纤维的外表面,剩余的TiO₂纳米粒子聚集形成中空的纳米管状结构;而Ti/Cd(摩尔比)为4:1和8:1时,由于溶解的CdO较少不足以形成TiO₂纳米管,同时,生成的CdS也不足以完全包覆TiO₂纳米纤维形成非管状结构。当Ti/Cd为1:1时,TiO₂@CdS复合材料具有最好的产氢活性。在300 W氙灯光照条件下和加UVCUT-420 nm滤光片下,50 mg催化剂产氢速率分别为19.7 μmol/h和3.4 μmol/h,这主要是由于所得到的复合结构中TiO₂为非晶材料。进一步在惰性气氛下煅烧,也很难将TiO₂晶化。     

Nanoporous TiO2 and WO3 films by anodization of titanium and tungsten substrates: influence of process variables on morphology and photoelectrochemical response

The photoelectrochemical response of nanoporous films, obtained by anodization of Ti and W substrates in a variety of corrosive media and at preselected voltages in the range from 10 to 60 V, was studied. The as-deposited films were subjected to thermal anneal and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Along with the anodization media developed by previous authors, the effect of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 400) or D-mannitol as a modifier to the NH4F electrolyte and glycerol addition to the oxalic acid electrolyte was studied for TiO2 and WO3, respectively. In general, intermediate anodization voltages and film growth times yielded excellent-quality photoelectrochemical response for both TiO2 and WO3 as assessed by linear-sweep photovoltammetry and photoaction spectra. The photooxidation of water and formate species was used as reaction probes to assess the photoresponse quality of the nanoporous oxide semiconductor films. In the presence of formate as an electron donor, the incident photon to electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) ranged from approximately 130% to approximately 200% for both TiO2 and WO3 depending on the film preparation protocol. The best photoactive films were obtained from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 400) containing NH4F for TiO2 and from aqueous NaF for WO3.     

A novel TiO2 nanotube array/Ti wire incorporated solid-phase microextraction fiber with high strength,efficiency and selectivity

A novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber is fabricated through the anodization of Ti wire substrates in an electrolyte containing ethylene glycol and NH₄F. By a combination of field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope studies, it is shown that perpendicularly orientated and well-aligned TiO₂ nanotubes are grown in situ on the Ti wire substrate. The SPME fiber coupled with gas chromatograph (GC) is then used to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), anilines, phenols, and alkanes from standard and real water samples, and exhibits high selectivity for PAHs. After the optimization of adsorption factors (pH, ionic strength, time and temperature) and desorption factors (time and temperature) of the SPME fiber for PAHs, the limit of detection (LOD) of less than 0.1 μg L⁻¹ is achieved, and the calibration curves are all linear (R² ≥ 0.9898) in the range from 0.1 to 1000 μg L⁻¹. Beyond that, the SPME fiber has high strength, large surface area, good stability at high temperature and in acid and alkali solutions, and long service life, making it have strong application potentials in the selective extraction of PAHs from complex samples at trace levels.     

二氧化钛纳米管的制备与光催化活性

用阳极氧化法,室温条件下在含NH4F和H2O的电解液(丙三醇+NH4F+H2O;乙二醇+NH4F+H2O)中制备了TiO2纳米管阵列。用环境扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征二氧化钛纳米管阵列的微观形貌和物相结构。在丙三醇电解液中,电压为60 V,65 V,70 V,75 V制备的纳米管直径依次为160、170、190、220 nm。对甲基橙(10 mg/L)降解测试TiO2纳米管阵列的光催化性能。研究结果表明:在100 V阳极电压制备经过500℃退火处理后的TiO2纳米管阵列的光催化效果最好,其光催化降解率在光照时间120 min时达到89.2%。     

NH4F/H3PO4体系中阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管阵列

以价廉的Ni板代替常用的Pt片为阴极,纯钛为阳极,采用电化学阳极氧化法在NH4F-H3PO4体系中制备出TiO2纳米管阵列.详细研究了制备参数(溶液酸度、氟离子浓度、外加电压和氧化时间)对所获纳米管阵列形貌的影响.采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对样品的形貌和晶相结构进行了表征.在最优化的条件下,可以获得形貌规整、表面干净、有序的TiO2纳米管阵列.纳米管阵列的平均管径为60 nm.管长约530 nm.采用阳极氧化法制备的纳米管阵列是非晶态的.经400℃热处理2 h后,可以转变为锐钛矿相.实验结果还发现,经过热处理后,纳米管阵列变得更为有序,管径扩大至约95 nm.     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water by solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography.

This study describes the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence detection (FLD). Because individual PAHs are generally present in water only at trace levels, a sensitive and accurate determination technique is essential. The separation and detection of five PAHs were run completely within 25 min by the HPLC/FLD system with an analytical C18 column, a fluorescence detection, and acetonitrile-water gradient elution. Calibration graphs were linear with very good correlation coefficients (r > 0.9998), and the detection limits were in the range of 2-6 ng/l for five PAHs. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was performed for sample pretreatment prior to HPLC-FLD determination, and the governing parameters were investigated. Compared to conventional methods, SPME has high recovery, saves considerable time, and reduces solvents waste. The extraction efficiencies of five PAHs were above 88% and the extraction times were 35 min in one pretreatment procedure. One particular discovery is that 1.5 M sodium monochloroactate (ClCH2COONa) can improve the extraction yield of PAH compounds more than other inorganic salts. The SPME-HPLC-FLD technique provides a relatively simple, convenient, practical procedure, which was here successfully applied to determine five PAHs in water from authentic water samples.     

Development of a solid‐phase microextraction fiber coated with poly(methacrylic acid‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and its application for the determination of chlorophenols in water coupled with GC

A solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with poly(methacrylic acid‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) coupled to GC with a micro electron‐capture detector was developed for the determination of four chlorphenols in water samples for the first time. A novel and simple method for the preparation of this novel SPME fiber was proposed by copolymerization of methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in an appropriate solvent using a glass capillary as a “mold”. The factors affecting the polymerization were optimized in detail. Furthermore, the extraction performance of the poly(methacrylic acid‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) fiber was evaluated. Moreover, experimental headspace‐SPME parameters, such as extraction temperature, extraction time, salt concentration, stirring speed, and pH, were optimized by orthogonal array experimental designs. Under the optimized conditions, the target analytes were linear in the range of 0.2–50 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.99. RSD was less than 8.9%, and the detection limits were in the range of 0.1–10 ng/L. Four cholorphenols were detected from tap and lake water samples using the proposed method, with the recoveries of spiked natural water samples were ranged from 91.8 to 110.8, and 90.6 to 111.4% for tap and lake water samples, respectively.     

TiO2纳米管阳极氧化制备机理及热处理对其影响

采用阳极氧化方法,在NH4F+H2O的乙二醇溶液体系下制备了TiO2纳米管列阵薄膜,建立了TiO2纳米管列阵薄膜的"电场诱导"生长模型。TiO2纳米管的管形结构形成与TiO2的半导体性质相关。纳米管表面吸附的纳米粒子与管壁间空间有关系。经过退火处理的纳米管管口由12~14个直径为25~35 nm的纳米颗粒团聚体组成,600℃时,纳米管结构已被破坏。经过300~600℃之间不同温度处理后的TiO2纳米管呈现锐钛矿晶态,比表面积随温度升高呈下降趋势。     

Self-organized TiO2 Nanotube Arrays with Controllable Geometric Parameters for Highly Efficient PEC Water Splitting

In this report,a series of self-organized TiO₂ nanotube arrays were prepared by anodization of titanium foil in mixed electrolytes composed of water,ethylene glycol,and NH₄F.Their photoelectrochemical（PEC） performance as a photoanode was characterized by the PEC water-splitting hydrogen （H₂） generation reaction.The internal relationship between the TiO₂ nanotube arrays （TNTAs） morphology and their PECperformance was thoroughly investigated.Our results ...     

阳极氧化法制备TiO_2纳米管阵列膜及其应用

由阳极氧化法制备的TiO2纳米管阵列,因其独特的有序结构而显示出优异的性能,在许多领域有着广泛的应用,成为一种很有发展前景的新型纳米结构材料。本文简要综述了制备TiO2纳米管阵列结构的方法及其应用研究进展。在比较了当前几种制备TiO2纳米管阵列方法的优缺点后,重点讨论了阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管阵列结构过程中,如何通过调整工艺参数来实现此类纳米管阵列结构的可控生长。最后评述了TiO2纳米管阵列材料研究的发展趋势和应用前景。     

Determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water samples by solid-phase microextraction based sol–gel technique using poly(ethylene glycol) grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes coated fiber

In this study, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PEG-g-MWCNTs) were synthesized by the covalent functionalization of MWCNTs with hydroxyl-terminated PEG chains. PEG-g-MWCNTs was used as a novel stationary phase to prepare the sol–gel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber in combination with gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) for the determination of ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac in real water samples.