Identification of parameters of a plane elliptic crack in an isotropic linearly elastic body from the results of a single uniaxial tension test

The method earlier developed by one of the authors for identifying ellipsoidal defects is numerically tested for the applicability to the problem of identification of a degenerate ellipsoidal defect, i.e., an elliptic crack. The method is based on the reciprocity functional and the assumption that the displacements are measured in a uniaxial tension test of an isotropic linearly elastic body. Calculations show that the earlier developed method is also efficient for identification of an elliptic crack and its parameters (the center coordinates, the normal to the crack plane, and the directions and lengths of the semiaxes) can be determined with high accuracy. Some examples where the crack has a non-elliptic shape are also considered. It is discovered that, in many cases, the ellipsoids that were constructed by formulas reconstructing the ellipsoidal crack from the data on the external boundary of the body that correspond to a nonelliptic crack, approximate the actual defect with sufficient accuracy. The method stability was investigated with respect to noise in the initial data.     

A special crack tip displacement discontinuity element

Based on the analytical solution to the problem of a constant discontinuity in displacement over a finite line segment in the x, y plane of an infinite elastic solid and the note of the crack tip element by Crouch, in the present paper, the special crack tip displacement discontinuity element is developed. Further the analytical formulas for the stress intensity factors of crack problems in general plane elasticity are given. In the boundary element implementation the special crack tip displacement discontinuity element is placed locally at each crack tip on top of the non-singular constant displacement discontinuity elements that cover the entire crack surface. Numerical results show that the displacement discontinuity modeling technique of a crack presented in this paper is very effective.     

弹性半平面中边界裂纹研究的新方法

讨论了载荷作用在裂纹面上的弹性半平面边界裂纹问题.研究以线弹性断裂力学为基础,采用复变函数方法以及Riemann-Hilbert(R-H)边值问题的一般理论,将问题分拆为含有限裂纹的全平面问题与无裂纹的半平面问题的叠加,计算得到裂纹尖端的应力强度因子.与文献结果比较,该方法具有精度高的优点.     

Stress state of a transversely isotropic magnetoelectroelastic body with a plane crack under antisymmetric loads

The static equilibrium of a transversely isotropic magnetoelectroelastic body with a plane crack of arbitrary shape in the isotropy plane under antisymmetric mechanical loading is studied. The relationships between the stress intensity factors (SIFs) for an infinite magnetoelectroelastic body and the SIFs for a purely elastic body with the same crack and under the same antisymmetric loading are established. This enables the SIFs for a magnetoelectroelastic body to be found directly from the analogous problem of elasticity. As an example of using this result, the SIFs for penny-shaped, elliptic, and parabolic cracks in a magnetoelectroelastic body under antisymmetric mechanical loading are found Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 10, pp. 37–51, October 2008.     

DYNAMIC CRACK MODELS ON PROBLEM OF BRIDGING FIBER PULL-OUT OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

An elastic analysis of an internal central crack with bridging fibers parallel to the free surface in an infinite orthotropic anisotropic elastic plane was performed. A dynamic model of bridging fiber pull-out of composite materials was presented. Resultingly the fiber failure is governed by maximum tensile stress, the fiber breaks and hence the crack extension should occur in self-similar fashion. By the methods of complex functions, the problem studied can be transformed into the dynamic model to the Reimann-Hilbert mixed boundary value problem, and a straightforward and easy analytical solution is presented. Analytical study on the crack propagation subjected to a ladder load and an instantaneous pulse loading is obtained respectively for orthotropic anisotropic body. By utilizing the solution, the concrete solutions of this model are attained by ways of superposition.     

反平面剪切裂纹和刚性线问题和带裂纹圆轴扭转问题中的新型积分方程

如果把通常裂纹问题中奇异积分方程中的右端项由应力改为合力,此时积分方程的核也要由奇异核改为对数型奇异核。文中对于反乎面剪切裂纹和刚性线问题和带裂纹圆轴扭转问题,推导出了这种带对数核的积分方程。     

正交各向异性平面问题应力强度因子的边界元分析

本文给出了正交各向异性平面弹性问题的边界元方程，导出了常单元离散化时求系数的解析式。作为数值算例，计算了正交各向异性板的应力强度因子。结果表明，本文所导出公式的正确性。     

Elastoplastic near field solution for mode II crack loaded by remote shear stress in an infinite plate

A suitable elastic stress field near the crack line which satisfied the far field boundary conditions and the boundary conditions of the crack surfaces has been obtained and successful analysis has been made of a near crack line field for an infinite elastic-perfectly plastic medium containing a quasi-statically propagating plane stress crack subjected to far field shear stress. It is shown that the solutions of the problem of mode II crack loaded by remote shear stress from the Westergaard method in some previous papers is used as the elastic stress field near the crack line, are inappropriate.     

Shape and topology sensitivity analysis for cracks in elastic bodies on boundaries of rigid inclusions

We consider an elastic body with a rigid inclusion and a crack located at the boundary of the inclusion. It is assumed that nonpenetration conditions are imposed at the crack faces which do not allow the opposite crack faces to penetrate each other. We analyze the variational formulation of the problem and provide shape and topology sensitivity analysis of the solution in two and three spatial dimensions. The differentiability of the energy with respect to the crack length, for the crack located at the boundary of rigid inclusion, is established.     

BOUNDARY INTEGRAL FORMULAS FOR ELASTIC PLANE PROBLEM OF EXTERIOR CIRCULAR DOMAIN

After the stress function and the normal derivative on the boundary for the plane problem of exterior circular domain are expanded into Laurent series, comparing them with the Laurent series of the complex stress function and making use of some formulas in Fourier series and the convolutions, the boundary integral formula of the stress function is derived further. Then the stress function can be obtained directly by the integration of the stress function and its normal derivative on the boundary. Some examples are given. It shows that the boundary integral formula of the stress function is convenient to be used for solving the elastic plane problem of exterior circular domain.     

ANALYSIS OF TWO DISSIMILAR FUNCTIONALLY GRADED STRIPS CONTAINING INTERFACE CRACK UNDER PLANE DEFORMATION

In this paper the plane elasticity problem of two bonded dissimilar functionally graded strips containing an interface crack is studied.The governing equation in terms of Airy stress function is formulated and exact solutions are obtained for several special variations of material properties in Fourier transformation domain.The mixed boundary problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations that are solved numerically.Numerical results show that fracture toughness of materials can be greatly improved by graded variation of elastic modulus and the influence of the specific form of elastic modulus on the fracture behavior of FGM is limited.     

Dynamic penny-shaped cracks in multilayer sandwich composites

A point force method is proposed for obtaining the dynamic elastic response of a multilayer sandwich composite in the presence of a penny-shaped crack under a harmonic loading. The sandwich composite is a multilayered solid whose lower half is the mirror image of the upper half with the center plane as the mirror. The crack is lying on the mirror plane of the composite. The solution of the mode I dynamic crack problem is formulated by integrating the Green’s function of a time-harmonic surface normal point force over the crack surface with an unknown point force distribution. The dual integral equations of the unknown point force distribution are established by considering the boundary conditions, which can be reduced to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. A complete solution of the crack problem under consideration can be obtained by solving this Fredholm integral equation. It will be shown that the results obtained by this approach are the same as some existing solutions.     

BOUNDARY INTEGRAL FORMULA OF ELASTIC PROBLEMS IN CIRCLE PLANE

IntroductionConcerningtheelasticplaneprobleminaunitcircle ,ZhengShenzhouandZhengXueliangdevelopedaboundaryintegralformulaofthestressfunction[1]:Φ(r,θ) =-( 1 -r2 ) 24π ∫2π0ν( φ)1 -2rcos(θ-φ) r2 dφ　　 12π∫2π011 -2rcos(θ-ω) r2 dω∫2π0μ( φ)1 -cos(ω-φ) dφ　　 1 -r22π∫2π0μ( φ)1 -2rcos(θ -φ) r2 dφ　　 ( 0 ≤r <1 ) ,( 1 )whereμ(θ) =Φ(r,θ) ｜r=1,ν(θ) = Φ n r=1= Φ r r=1.Intheformula ( 1 )theseconditemisastrongsingularintegral,itshouldbeunderstoodasanintegra…     

Opening-Function Simulation of the Three-Dimensional Nonstationary Interaction of Cracks in an Elastic Body

Integral relations between three-dimensional dynamic displacements (stresses) in an infinite elastic body with arbitrarily located plane cracks and discontinuities in the displacements of the opposite crack faces are presented. The influence of opening cracks on each other is considered in the problem on crack faces loaded by pulse forces. This problem is reduced to a system of boundary integral equations of the wave-potential type in a time domain. The dynamic mode I stress intensity factors are determined for two coplanar elliptic cracks under forces in the form of the Heaviside function     

Stress state of a piezoelectric ceramic body with a plane crack under antisymmetric loads

The static equilibrium of an electroelastic transversely isotropic space with a plane crack under antisymmetric mechanical loads is studied. The crack is located in the plane of isotropy. Relationships are established between the stress intensity factors (SIFs) for an infinite piezoceramic body and the SIFs for a purely elastic body with a crack of the same form under the same loads. This makes it possible to find the SIFs for an electroelastic body without the need to solve specific electroelasitc problems. As an example, the SIFs are determined for a piezoelastic body with penny-shaped and elliptic cracks under shear __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 32–42, February 2006.     

An effective boundary element method for analysis of crack problems in a plane elastic plate

A simple and effective boundary element method for stress intensity factor calculation for crack problems in a plane elastic plate is presented. The boundary element method consists of the constant displacement discontinuity element presented by Crouch and Starfield and the crack-tip displacement discontinuity elements proposed by YAN Xiangqiao. In the boundary element implementation the left or the right crack-tip displacement discontinuity element was placed locally at the corresponding left or right each crack tip on top of the constant displacement discontinuity elements that cover the entire crack surface and the other boundaries. Test examples (i. e. , a center crack in an infinite plate under tension, a circular hole and a crack in an infinite plate under tension) are included to illustrate that the numerical approach is very simple and accurate for stress intensity factor calculation of plane elasticity crack problems. In addition, specifically, the stress intensity factors of branching cracks emanating from a square hole in a rectangular plate under biaxial loads were analysed. These numerical results indicate the present numerical approach is very effective for calculating stress intensity factors of complex cracks in a 2-D finite body, and are used to reveal the effect of the biaxial loads and the cracked body geometry on stress intensity factors.     

Thermostressed state of a piezoelectric bodywith a plane crack under symmetric thermal load

The paper addresses a thermoelectroelastic problem for a piezoelectric body with an arbitrarily shaped plane crack in a plane perpendicular to the polarization axis under a symmetric thermal load. A relationship between the intensity factors for stress (SIF) and electric displacement (EDIF) in an infinite piezoceramic body with a crack under a thermal load and the SIF for a purely elastic body with a crack of the same shape under a mechanical load is established. This makes it possible to find the SIF and EDIF for an electroelastic material from the elastic solution without the need to solve specific problems of thermoelasticity. The SIF and EDIF for a piezoceramic body with an elliptic crack and linear distribution of temperature over the crack surface are found as an example __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 96–108, March 2008.     

Circular welding problems with a crack

In this paper,the problem of an infinite plane with acircular hole welded by a nearly circular plate with a crackof different material is considered.The problem is tran-sformed into solving a certain boundary value problem ofanalytic functions and then reduced to solving a singularintegral equation along the crack.The formulas and somenumerical results of the factors of stress intensityfor the cases Mode Ⅰ and Mode Ⅱ are obtained at the endof this paper.     

Transient dynamic responses of a cracked solid subjected to in-plane loadings

Transient dynamic responses of an elastic cracked solid subjected to in-plane surface loadings are investigated in this study. Two vertical cracks, a surface-breaking crack and a sub-surface crack, are considered. The frequency responses of the plane strain problem are calculated by the computational mechanics combining the finite element method with the boundary integral equation. The finite element method is used for the near-field enclosing the crack, while the boundary integral equation is applied for the far-field to satisfy the Sommerfeld radiation condition. The transient responses are then obtained using fast Fourier transform. Surface displacements, crack opening displacements, and dynamic stress intensity factors are presented to show the significant effects of the cracks. The interaction between the elastic waves and the cracks as well as the mode conversion phenomena can be observed and understood through the numerical simulations.     

Strain gradient solution for a finite-domain Eshelby-type plane strain inclusion problem and Eshelby’s tensor for a cylindrical inclusion in a finite elastic matrix

A solution for the finite-domain Eshelby-type inclusion problem of a finite elastic body containing a plane strain inclusion prescribed with a uniform eigenstrain and a uniform eigenstrain gradient is derived in a general form using a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory (SSGET). The formulation is facilitated by an extended Betti’s reciprocal theorem and an extended Somigliana’s identity based on the SSGET and suitable for plane strain problems. The disturbed displacement field is obtained in terms of the SSGET-based Green’s function for an infinite plane strain elastic body, which differs from that in earlier studies using the three-dimensional Green’s function. The solution reduces to that of the infinite-domain inclusion problem when the boundary effect is suppressed. The problem of a cylindrical inclusion embedded concentrically in a finite plane strain cylindrical elastic matrix of an enhanced continuum is analytically solved for the first time by applying the general solution, with the Eshelby tensor and its average over the circular cross section of the inclusion obtained in closed forms. This Eshelby tensor, being dependent on the position, inclusion size, matrix size, and a material length scale parameter, captures the inclusion size and boundary effects, unlike existing ones. It reduces to the classical elasticity-based Eshelby tensor for the cylindrical inclusion in an infinite matrix if both the strain gradient and boundary effects are not considered. Numerical results quantitatively show that the inclusion size effect can be quite large when the inclusion is very small and that the boundary effect can dominate when the inclusion volume fraction is very high. However, the inclusion size effect is diminishing with the increase of the inclusion size, and the boundary effect is vanishing as the inclusion volume fraction becomes sufficiently low.