原子—光场精确解模型在绝热极限下的量子无损测量

研究了一个无损测量原子质心动量的精确可解模型，详细分析了无损测量的条件及无损测量的动力学过程。文中分析表明，绝热极限是实现此类模型无损测量的必要条件。最后针对此模型讨论了量子无损测量与表象之间的关系。     

基于光谱椭偏仪的纳米光栅无损检测

本文制备了硅基和光刻胶两种材料的纳米光栅,利用自研制的新型广义椭偏仪对该纳米结构的光栅进行了测量,随后利用建立的拟合模型对其测量数据进行了拟合,结果证明了运用该仪器进行纳米光栅结构无损检测的可行性,在入射角60°,方位角75°的测量条件下,纳米结构关键尺寸、侧壁角等三维形貌参数的测量精度最大可达99.97%,最大误差小于1%,该技术对于无损检测有着一定的推动意义. 关键词： 纳米压印 光栅 无损检测 拟合     

基于光谱椭偏仪的纳米光栅无损检测

本文制备了硅基和光刻胶两种材料的纳米光栅,利用光谱椭偏仪对该纳米结构的光栅进行了测量,随后利用建立的拟合模型对其测量数据进行了拟合,结果证明了运用该仪器进行纳米光栅结构无损检测的可行性,在入射角60?,方位角75?的测量条件下,纳米结构关键尺寸、侧壁角等三维形貌参数的测量精度最大可达99.97%,该技术对于无损检测有着一定的推动意义.     

基于平底孔反射体的双晶直探头测量模型

双晶探头在无损检测领域有着重要的应用,因而有必要建立一个超声测量模型来深入了解这类换能器的特点.通过将一个基于传递矩阵的多高斯声束模型和一个基尔霍夫近似方法获得的散射模型有效结合,建立了一个完整的纵波双晶直探头测量模型,用于预测平底孔缺陷体的回波信号.对比分析了平底孔反射回波信号的模型计算结果与实验测量结果,验证了该测量模型的准确性. 关键词： 超声测量模型 双晶直探头 多高斯声束模型     

高温超导薄膜临界电流密度的无损测量研究

临界电流密度Jc是超导薄膜的一个重要参量,它可以衡量超导薄膜的功率承载能力。大面积高温超导薄膜制成后,其Jc需要被无损精确测量。文中提出了一种新的交流磁场下的高温超导薄膜临界态模型:(1)基于此模型对薄膜的临界电流密度进行了精确无损测量;(2)并将实验测量的三次谐波电压曲线进行拟合研究。首先,根据麦克斯韦方程和伦敦方程,计算外加直流磁场超导薄膜Meissner态下电流和磁场在薄膜内的分布;然后分析薄膜进入临界态后内部电流的变化,在考虑顶扎力作用的情况下,提出了临界态电流和磁场非均匀分布模型;最后根据其模型,推导出三次谐波电压的表达式。为了验证该理论,分别对四片超导薄膜在不同频率下进行了三次谐波和临界电流密度测量。实验结果表明:三次谐波电压的理论与实验曲线一致;与四点传输法的测量结果相比较,该方法测量超导薄膜临界电流密度的误差在5%左右,具有高精度、无损伤、方便快捷等优点。     

生物组织光学特性参数无损测量实验研究

Q631 2004064494 生物组织光学特性参数无损测量实验研究=Experiment research for non-invasive measurement of optical parameters of biological tissues[刊,中]/张连顺(南开大学现代光学研究所.天津(300071)).张春平…∥光电子·激光.—2004,15(6).—746-749 通过测量生物组织的表面漫射光分布,利用漫射近似得到的解析表达式,反演其光学特性参数,实现光学特性参数的无损测量。用透射法测量了生物组织模拟液Intralipid-10％的散射系数,用其作为验证无损测量的标准。无损法和透射法对同一种样品所测的结果进行了比     

光热辐射测量技术应用于材料物性和缺陷的无损检测

描述了光热辐射测量术的特点、原理和测量装置，并扼要介绍了材料热扩散率、材料表面伤痕和内部缺陷的无损检测。     

基于 PROSPECT模型的蔬菜叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值反演

叶绿素含量是衡量植物营养和病虫害发生情况的重要指标。传统的分光光度法对植物叶片破坏性较大且无法实时、快速、无损地获取叶绿素含量。新兴的利用叶绿素仪测量叶绿素相对含量（以下简称SPAD值）的方法不能定量获取实际含量。光学辐射传输模型PROSPECT从生物物理、化学的角度以及能量传输的过程出发,定量描述了叶片色素、水分、结构参数等对叶片反射光谱的影响。因此,提出利用PROSPECT模型同时反演蔬菜叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值,实时、快速、无损、定量获取植物叶片叶绿素的含量。第一,多次测量三种蔬菜叶片的反射光谱,并用叶绿素仪测量SPAD值。然后,预处理光谱数据,获得平均反射率光谱。第二,以欧式距离为评价函数,利用PROSPECT模型对实测反射率光谱进行拟合。拟合过程中三种蔬菜欧式距离最大为0.008 9,最小为0.006 4,平均为0.007 5,表明该模型能够很好地拟合蔬菜叶片的反射率光谱。第三,根据拟合结果,反演叶绿素含量和透射率光谱,再根据透射率光谱获取叶片在940和650 nm波长处的光透过率,计算叶片的反演SPAD值。第四,建立反演叶绿素含量、反演SPAD值与实测SPAD值的关系模型。结果表明: (1)利用该模型反演得到的叶绿素含量值与实测SPAD值有较好的线性关系, 其关系模型为：y=1.463 3x+16.374 3,两者相关系数为0.927 1,模型的决定系数为0.862,均方根误差为2.11;(2)利用该模型反演得到的SPAD值与实测SPAD值之间线性关系较好,其关系模型为：y=0.986 9x-0.668 3,两者相关系数为0.845 1, 模型的决定系数为0.714 3,均方根误差为3.380 2。研究表明,通过测量植物叶片的反射率光谱,利用PROSPECT模型可以无损、定量地获取蔬菜叶片的叶绿素含量和SPAD值。该方法可推广至其他植物的叶绿素测量和实时监测,为变量施肥、精准种植提供可靠的数据支持。研究结果对蔬菜生长态势的无损监测具有重要的意义。     

超导双面膜Tc与Jc的无损测量系统

利用高温超导体磁屏蔽原理研制了一种双面超导薄膜的临界参数无损测量系统。该系统有29个传感器，可以无损地测出双面薄膜中的任一面的临界参数（Tc、Jc）值。该系统用液氮冷却。可测量最大薄膜直径为75mm。全系统由计算机实现自动控制。     

X光弯晶成像金属薄膜面密度测量技术

针对靶用高Z金属薄膜的无损检测需求，提出了一种通过超环面弯晶聚焦型X光单能成像器件，实现金属薄膜均匀性及面密度等参数精确标定的测量技术。该技术即通过高通量、高单能性成像，定量获取薄膜X光透过率及其空间分布，有效提升了面密度测量的精度，同时实现了对其均匀性的高空间分辨评估。从总体方案设计、元器件制备和测试实验等方面开展了深入研究，并评估了各种可能因素对测量不确定度的影响。所发展的超环面弯晶成像系统针对20 keV级的高能X射线在mm尺度内实现了优于5μm的微区分辨，能谱分辨达到几eV。通过泡沫金样品面密度测量实验证明了技术可行性，相对不确定度优于2%。研究结果为激光惯性约束聚变高Z靶材料的精密无损检测提供了一种新的测量技术，并有望应用于其他需要大视场、高空谱分辨成像的需求领域。     

Quantum nondemolition measurements of the phase and polarization Stokes parameters of optical fields

We propose a new method for performing continuous quantum nondemolition measurements (QNDM) of the polarization characteristics of light, the signal photon number, and the Stokes parameters of light. For devices that implement such measurements we take cubically nonlinear double-filament optical fibers with tunnel coupling of the filaments. Such a system employs a four-mode mixing of the waves (two probe modes and two signal modes). Linear optical elements needed for preliminary and subsequent conversion of the Stokes parameters are also used. We show that measurements of one Stokes parameter can be used for QNDM of the phase difference between the two initial modes. Here the accuracy of such measurements is determined by the initial fluctuations of the Stokes parameters of the probe modes and by the size of the nonlinear mode conversion coefficient in the optical fibers. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 13, 1235–1252 (April 1998)     

量子非破坏性测量

介绍了量子光学中的量子非破坏性（QND）测量,并列举了两个实例,指出QND测量是很重要的。     

Quantum model of the Thomson helium atom

A quantum model of the Thomson helium atom is considered within the framework of stationary perturbation theory. It is shown that from a formal point of view this problem is similar to that of two-electron states in a parabolic quantum dot. The ground state energy of the quantum Thomson helium atom is estimated on the basis of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. The ground state energies obtained in the first order of perturbation theory and qualitative estimate provide, respectively, upper and lower estimates of eigenvalues derived by numerically solving the problem for a quantum model. The conditions under which the Kohn theorem holds in this system, when the values of resonance absorption frequencies are independent of the Coulomb interaction between electrons, are discussed.     

Heterostructures with self-organized quantum dots of Ge on Si for optoelectronic devices

In this paper an analysis of tendencies of Ge on Si quantum dots nanoheterostructures’ usage in different optoelectronic devices such as, for example, solar cells and photodetectors of visible and infra-red regions is carried out; a complex mathematical model for calculation of dependency on growth conditions of self-organized quantum dots of Ge on Si grown using the method of molecular beam epitaxy parameters is described. Ways of segregation effect and underlying layers’ influence are considered. It is shown that for realization of good device characteristics quantum dots should have high density, small sizes, uniformity, and narrow size distribution function. The desirable parameters of arrays of square and rectangular quantum dots for device application are attainable under certain growth conditions.     

Nanostructures with Ge–Si quantum dots for infrared photodetectors

In this paper questions of optimization of growth conditions in the method of molecular beam epitaxy for creation of high-efficient quantum dot infrared photodetectors are considered. As a model material system for theoretical investigations, heterostructures with germanium-silicon quantum dots on the silicon surface are chosen. For calculations of the dependencies of quantum dots array parameters on synthesis conditions the kinetic model of growth of differently shaped quantum dots based on the general nucleation theory is proposed. The theory is improved by taking into account the change in free energy of nucleation of an island due to the formation of additional edges of islands and due to the dependence of surface energies of facets of quantum dots on the thickness of a 2D wetting layer during the Stranski–Krastanow growth. Calculations of noise and signal characteristics of infrared photodetectors based on heterostructures with quantum dots of germanium on silicon are done. Dark current in such structures caused by thermal emission and barrier tunneling of carriers, as well as detectivity of the photodetector in the approximation of limitation by generation-recombination noises are estimated. Moreover, the presence of dispersion of quantum dots by size is taken into account in the calculations of the generation-recombination noises. Results of calculations of the properties of structures with quantum dots and their dependencies on growth parameters, as well as the characteristics of quantum dot photodetectors are presented. Comparison of the estimated parameters of quantum dots ensembles and the characteristics of quantum dot photodetectors with experimental data is carried out.     

Quantum Hamilton--Jacobi Approach to Two Dimensional Singular Oscillator

We obtain the solutions of two-dimensional singular oscillator which is known as the quantum Calogero-Sutherland model both in cartesian and parabolic coordinates within the framework of quantum Hamilton Jacobi formalism. Solvability conditions and eigenfunctions are obtained by using the singularity structures of quantum momentum functions under some conditions. New potentials are generated by using the first two states of singular oscillator for parabolic coordinates.     

Electron energy state spin-splitting in 3D cylindrical semiconductor quantum dots

In this article we study the impact of the spin-orbit interaction on the electron quantum confinement for narrow gap semiconductor quantum dots. The model formulation includes: (1) the effective one-band Hamiltonian approximation; (2) the position- and energy-dependent quasi-particle effective mass approximation; (3) the finite hard wall confinement potential; and (4) the spin-dependent Ben Daniel-Duke boundary conditions. The Hartree-Fock approximation is also utilized for evaluating the characteristics of a two-electron quantum dot system. In our calculation, we describe the spin-orbit interaction which comes from both the spin-dependent boundary conditions and the Rashba term (for two-electron quantum dot system). It can significantly modify the electron energy spectrum for InAs semiconductor quantum dots built in the GaAs matrix. The energy state spin-splitting is strongly dependent on the dot size and reaches an experimentally measurable magnitude for relatively small dots. In addition, we have found the Coulomb interaction and the spin-splitting are suppressed in quantum dots with small height. Received 15 May 2001 / Received in final form 14 May 2002 Published online 13 August 2002     

The dynamics of a twistable relativistic string

Following a suggestion of Kraemmer and Nielsen the possibility that the dual fermion model may be obtained by quantising a classical theory of a twistable string is discussed. Quantisation conditions are obtained which, for one value of a dimensionless constant ?/β, are represented by this dual model, but in consequence the classical limit cannot be taken without departing from the model. The appropriate representation of the algebra of Virasoro gauge conditions is obtained but the additional fermion gauge conditions would seem to be a quantum phenomenon in this picture.     

量子无线广域网构建与路由策略

提出了一种基于多阶量子隐形传态的量子路由方案, 在量子移动终端之间没有共享纠缠对的情况下, 仍然可以完成量子态的无线传输. 该量子路由方案可以用来构建量子无线广域网, 其传输时延与所经过的链路距离和基站数目无关, 传输一个量子态所需的时间与采用量子隐形传态所需的时间相同. 因此, 从数据传输速率的观点来看, 该方案优于基于纠缠交换的量子路由方案. 关键词： 量子通信 多阶量子隐形传态 量子路由 量子无线广域网     

量子BB84协议在联合旋转噪音信道上的安全性分析

多数在理想条件下设计的量子密码协议没有考虑实际通信中噪音的影响,可能造成机密信息不能被准确传输,或可能存在窃听隐藏在噪音中的风险,因此分析噪音条件下量子密码协议的安全性具有重要的意义.为了分析量子BB84协议在联合旋转噪音信道上的安全性,本文采用粒子偏转模型,对量子信道中的联合噪音进行建模,定量地区分量子信道中噪音和窃听干扰;并且采用冯·诺依曼熵理论建立窃听者能窃取的信息量与量子比特误码率、噪音水平三者之间的函数关系,定量地分析噪音条件下量子信道的安全性;最后根据联合噪音模型及窃听者能窃取的信息量与量子比特误码率、噪音水平三者之间的关系,定量地分析了量子BB84协议在联合噪音条件下的安全性并计算噪音临界点.通过分析可知,在已有噪音水平条件下,窃听者最多能够从通信双方窃取25%的密钥,但是Eve的窃听行为会被检测出来,这样Alice和Bob会放弃当前协商的密钥,重新进行密钥协商,直至确认没有Eve的窃听为止.这个结果说明量子BB84协议在联合旋转噪音信道下的通信是安全的.