PP/PB-1釜内合金的升温淋洗分级及级份表征

基于反应器颗粒技术制备的聚丙烯(PP)/聚丁烯-1(PB-1)釜内合金,其结构与组成,特别是嵌段共聚物级份的组成、分布、链序列结构等受两段聚合条件的影响较大。本文采用溶剂抽提法和升温淋洗分级法,对中试合成的两种PP/PB-1釜内合金进行分级,采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、高温核磁碳谱(~(13)C-NMR)、高温凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)对各级份进行表征,明确了合金的结构、组成及丁烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物(PB-b-PP)级份链序列结构。研究两种釜内合金的组成与力学性能关系,对于聚合工艺的优化及先进聚烯烃材料的开发提供依据。     

硅烷类外给电子体对丙烯-丁烯序贯聚合的调控作用

外给电子体(ED)作为负载型Ziegler-Natta催化剂的一个重要组分, 在影响α-烯烃的催化活性及聚合物的立构规整性方面发挥着重要作用. 本文研究了4种不同结构及电子密度的硅烷类外给电子体[二甲基二甲氧基硅烷(D1)、 二丁基二甲氧基硅烷(D2)、 二苯基二甲氧基硅烷(D3)及二环戊基二甲氧基硅烷(D4)]对丙烯均聚及丙烯(一段)-丁烯(二段)序贯聚合的影响. 结果表明, ED对烯烃聚合的催化活性、 活性中心数及活性中心定向能力都具有显著的影响. 密度泛函理论(DFT)模拟计算表明, 随着ED的空间位阻和电子密度增加, ED在MgCl₂表面的吸附能降低, 吸附稳定性降低; ED的空间位阻和电子密度增加有利于提高丙烯聚合活性中心的定向能力, 当n(D4)/n(Ti)=20时, 合成的聚丙烯(PP)中的等规聚丙烯(iPP)组分含量达到92.8%. 当n(ED)/n(Ti)=15时, 丙烯聚合的聚合速率常数达到最大值; 具有更大空间位阻和电子密度的ED使得丙烯-丁烯序贯聚合的活性中心具有更强的定向能力, ED对丁烯(二段)聚合活性及聚丙烯/聚丁烯合金（PBA）中等规聚丁烯(iPB)组分的熔点影响更显著.     

聚合物共混物的超高效液相色谱-空间排阻色谱在线联用分离与表征

黏合剂和涂料行业中, 聚合物共混物表征是分析的难题, 分离技术的研究一直备受关注. 本文设计并搭建了超高效液相色谱-空间排阻色谱在线联用系统(UHPLC-SEC), 采用羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)考察了二维色谱系统的溶剂兼容性及正交性, 以苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、 苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)和聚甲基丙烯酸酯(PMMA)共混物研究了二维色谱系统的适用性. 结果表明, HTPB分子量及分布的UHPLC-SEC测定结果与SEC测定结果一致, 峰尖分子量(M_p)为3407 Da, 重均分子量(M_w)为6573 Da, 分散系数(PDI)为2.36, 相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.7%, 系统的溶剂兼容性和正交性良好. UHPLC-SEC法测得聚合物共混物中PMMA, SBS和SIS的M_p, M_w和PDI与单个聚合物的SEC测定结果的相对误差均小于7.1%. PMMA, SBS和SIS共混物在200 °C加热3 h后, PMMA 稳定不变, SBS和SIS组分明显降解. UHPLC-SEC在线联用方法对聚合物共混物的表征结果准确、 重复性好, 为聚合物配方产品的失效分析提供了一种重要且有效的手段.     

用SN型催化剂合成苯乙烯—丙烯嵌段共聚物的研究Ⅱ．共聚物的结构表征与性能

报道用稀土化合物改性的钛系载体催化剂（SN催化剂）进行苯乙烯和丙烯顺序嵌段共聚合（Sequential block copolymerization) 的研究。通过对初生嵌段共聚产物进行溶剂萃取与分级，并用^13C-NMR、WAXD、DSC、DMA和电子显微镜进行表征，推断共聚物为具有等规聚苯乙烯链和等规聚丙烯链段的A－B型二嵌段共聚物，且各段均能结晶。发现嵌段共聚物比相应的均聚物具有较好的综合力学性能和热性能，而且对iPS/iPP共混具有良好的增容作用。     

用新型茂钛催化剂制备的苯乙烯/丁二烯嵌段共聚物的结构表征

用CpTi(OBz)3/MAO催化体系合成的苯乙烯／丁二烯嵌段共聚合产物经丁酮、甲苯、四氢呋喃、氯仿连续抽提,并用已烷对丁酮的可溶级分进行再抽提;不同级分分别用GPC、^13C -NMR、DSC和WAXD等手段进行分析和表征。发现嵌段共聚物主要存在于氯仿可溶级分中,丁酮可溶级分基本上是无规聚苯乙烯和聚丁二烯组成的混合物（己烷可溶级分为聚丁二烯,不溶级分为无规模聚乙烯）。GPS谱图表明该嵌段共聚反应具有单催化活性中心的聚合特征,^13C-NMR谱图显示该嵌段共聚物分子链由间规聚苯乙链段和聚丁二烯链段组成,WAXD图谱显示嵌段共聚物有较高的结晶度。     

聚烯烃合金的研究进展(Ⅱ)——分级方法、结构调控与性能

聚烯烃合金是通过釜内聚合制备的多组成的聚烯烃材料。本文分别从聚烯烃合金的分级方法、组分和性能等方面对聚烯烃合金结构与性能进行了评述,重点介绍了溶剂抽提分级法、温度梯度分级法、升温淋洗分级法、等温热分级法和逐步结晶分级法等聚烯烃合金分级方法的原理,特别关注了聚丙烯/橡胶弹性体合金、聚丙烯/聚乙烯合金及聚丙烯/聚丁烯合金的组成与性能。并分析了聚烯烃合金的发展趋势。     

氢气对负载型Z-N高效催化剂的乙烯-丙烯共聚产物链结构影响

用球形的负载型Ziegler-Natta（Z-N）高效催化剂，经丙烯均聚一乙烯丙烯气相共聚两段串联反应工艺制备的聚丙烯／乙丙共聚物（PP／EPR）合金具有优良的抗冲击性能，是聚丙烯的重要高性能化改性品种，已实现大批量生产，对这类反应器合金的结构表征和结构性能关系的研究表明，其共聚物组分中既有起弹性体作用的乙丙无规共聚物，也含有相当量的乙丙多嵌段共聚物．这种多嵌段共聚物既与无规共聚物（EPR）相容，又与PP基体相容，在合金中起相容剂作用，对材料高抗冲性能的形成起着重要作用．然而，负载型Z-N高效催化剂催化乙丙共聚合的产物结构及其影响因素至今鲜见系统的研究，调控PP／EPR合金中共聚物结构的原理尚不明确．氢气在聚烯烃生产中广泛用作分子量调节剂，在PP／EPR合金的生产中同样要用氢气调节PP和EPR组分的分子量．但是，加氢对共聚物的链结构有何影响则鲜见系统的研究．本文初步研究了用Z—N高效催化剂合成的乙丙共聚物的结构特征，着重考察了聚合体系中加入链转移剂氢气对共聚物结构的影响．     

聚丙烯-聚乙烯嵌段共聚物的分子结构及性能的研究

本工作用核磁共振(~(13)C-NMR)、示差扫描量热(DSC)、动态力学分析(DMA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术研究了将丙烯、乙烯单体两步分段共聚、预期为聚丙烯-聚乙烯嵌段共聚物的合成物(简称为聚丙烯-聚乙烯嵌段共聚物或嵌段共聚物)。结果表明,在嵌段共聚物中含有一定量的、能为正庚烷抽提出来的乙丙无规共聚物(EPR);分段共聚的产物并非预想的PP-b-PE两嵌段共聚物,而是含有多种组分的共混物;形态表征的结果表明了嵌段共聚物为多相体系,EPR和PE形成分散相以球形无规分布于PP基体中。     

新型茂钛催化剂合成聚乙烯-b-间规聚苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的研究Ⅱ.嵌段共聚物的分离及结构性能

将五甲基茂基三苄氧基钛 (Cp Ti(OBz) 3) 改性甲基铝氧烷 (mMAO)催化体系以顺序加料溶液法合成的乙烯与苯乙烯嵌段共聚反应产物进行沸丁酮、沸四氢呋喃 (THF)和沸氯仿等溶剂连续抽提分离 ,发现嵌段共聚物主要存在于THF和CHCl3的可溶级分中 ,嵌段共聚物的总含量占共聚产物的 2 2 8wt%～ 38 2wt% ,对THF和CHCl3可溶级分分别用 1 3C NMR、WAXD、DSC和GPC等手段进行表征 .1 3C NMR谱显示出含有支化聚乙烯链段和间规聚苯乙烯链段的嵌段共聚物特殊结构 ,WAXD谱表明嵌段共聚物因两链段的相互缠结使各自结晶度显著较低 ,由于嵌段共聚物苯乙烯链段较长、乙烯链段较短 ,DSC图谱只显示苯乙烯链段的结晶熔融峰 ,GPC曲线表明 ,单茂钛催化体系催化乙烯 苯乙烯嵌段共聚合的单一活性中心特征 .由此对Cp Ti(OBz) 3 mMAO催化体系的苯乙烯 乙烯嵌段共聚合机理进行初探     

新型单茂钛/改性甲基铝氧烷催化剂合成立构多嵌段聚丁烯-1

茂金属聚烯烃以其高附加值而受到广泛重视.有关桥联或非桥联二茂基金属催化剂用于合成无规、等规、间规聚丙烯和聚丁烯-1已有报道.Llinas等用rac-Et(CpMe₄Ind)·TiCl₂和甲基铝氧烷(MAO)催化剂合成了等规/无规立构嵌.     

Morphology and Properties of PP In-reactor Alloys Prepared with a MgCl2/TiCl4/Diisobutyl Phthalate/Phosphate Tris-methylphenyl Ester Catalyst System

A series of polypropylene(PP)/poly(ethylene-co-propylene) in-reactor alloys with different ethylene contents was prepared through a two-stage polymerization process using a MgCl₂/TiCl₄/diisobutyl phthalate/phosphate tris-methylphenyl ester catalyst system. The ethylene content, particle shape, fractured surface, and glass-transition temperature(T_g) of the obtained PP in-reactor alloys were characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA). The ethylene content of the PP alloys increased from 2.34% to 26.69% when the propylene/ethylene feed ratio was increased from 66/34 to 54/46(molar ratio). Morevoer, the increment in ethylene content increased the notched Izod impact strength of the resulting PP alloys. The impact strength of the PP alloy with an ethylene content of 26.69% was 55.8 kJ/m², which is 12.7 times that of isotactic polypropylene. The results of DMA and SEM analysis reveal that ethylene-propylene random copolymer(EPR) in the PP alloy has a low T_g of ca. -50 ℃ and a high interface compatibility with the PP matrix. The excellent impact performance of the PP alloy can be attributed to the uniform dispersal of EPR in the alloy particles and PP matrix.     

Surface modification with well-defined biocompatible triblock copolymers Improvement of biointerfacial phenomena on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) surface

To improve interfacial phenomena of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as biomaterials, well-defined triblock copolymers were prepared as coating materials by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) controlled polymerization. Hydroxy-terminated poly(vinylmethylsiloxane-co-dimethylsiloxane) (HO–PV_lD_mMS–OH) was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization. The copolymerization ratio of vinylmethylsiloxane to dimethylsiloxane was 1/9. The molecular weight of HO–PV_lD_mMS–OH ranged from (1.43 to 4.44) × 10⁴, and their molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n) as determined by size-exclusion chromatography equipped with multiangle laser light scattering (SEC-MALS) was 1.16. 4-Cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate was reacted with HO–PV_lD_mMS–OH to obtain macromolecular chain transfer agents (macro-CTA). 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was polymerized with macro-CTAs. The gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) chart of synthesized polymers was a single peak and M_w/M_n was relatively narrow (1.3–1.6). Then the poly(MPC) (PMPC)–PV_lD_mMS–PMPC triblock copolymers were synthesized. The molecular weight of PMPC in a triblock copolymer was easily controllable by changing the polymerization time or the composition of the macro-CTA to a monomer in the feed. The synthesized block copolymers were slightly soluble in water and extremely soluble in ethanol and 2-propanol.

Surface modification was performed via hydrosilylation. The block copolymer was coated on the PDMS film whose surface was pretreated with poly(hydromethylsiloxane). The surface wettability and lubrication of the PDMS film were effectively improved by immobilization with the block copolymers. In addition, the number of adherent platelets from human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was dramatically reduced by surface modification. Particularly, the triblock copolymer having a high composition ratio of MPC units to silicone units was effective in improving the surface properties of PDMS.

By selective decomposition of the Si–H bond at the surface of the PDMS substrate by irradiation with UV light, the coating region of the triblock copolymer was easily controlled, resulting in the fabrication of micropatterns. On the surface, albumin adsorption was well manipulated.     

Preparation and characterization of spherical PP/PB alloys with MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst

Polypropylene（PP）/polybutene-1（PB） alloys within reactor were prepared by MgCl₂-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst with sequential two-stage polymerization technology.First,propylene homo-polymerizations were carried out to form isotactic polypropylene（iPP） particles containing active catalyst.Then,butene-1 was subsequently polymerized to form polybutene-1 phase inside the iPP particles.Finally,iPP/PB alloys with spherical shape and adjustable PB content were synthesized.The catalytic activity and catalytic stereospecificity of the Z-N catalyst in the two-stage polymerization process are discussed.The composition and physical properties of the PP alloys were characterized by FT-IR,¹³C-NMR,SEM,DSC and XRD.It was found that the in-reactor PP alloys are mainly composed of PP and PB with a little amount of poly（butene-co -propylene） random copolymers and poly（butene-block-propylene） block copolymers.SEM measurements verified that the PB phases with size in the range of 300-400 nm dispersed in the PP matrix uniformly.The incorporation of PB upon the PP matrix affects the properties of final products greatly.     

四丁基碘化铵催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯的可逆-休眠自由基溶液聚合

以四丁基碘化铵(BNI) 为有机催化剂, 碘单质(I₂) 与偶氮二异庚腈(ABVN) 原位生成的碘代异庚腈为引发剂, 进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA) 的溶液聚合. 以甲苯为溶剂, MMA:I₂:ABVN的摩尔比为200:1:1.7, 考察了催化剂用量对聚合的影响. 结果表明, 加入催化剂可以缩短诱导期, 当I₂:BNI摩尔比为1:1时聚合反应的诱导期最短(1.7 h); 当BNI:I₂摩尔比为0.25:1~2:1之间时, 聚合物实测分子量与理论值十分接近, 分子量分布较窄, 分子量分布指数(M_w/M_n) 多在1.2以下. 考察了在N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、 四氢呋喃(THF)、 苯甲醚、 苯和甲苯5种溶剂中的聚合反应, 发现在苯和甲苯中聚合可控性最佳, M_w/M_n多在1.2以下; 苯甲醚和THF中聚合速率较快, 聚合物分子量分布较苯中的略宽. 以DMF为溶剂时所得聚合物分子量分布很宽, 聚合可控性差. 核磁共振分析聚合物为碘封端结构, 碘原子封端的聚合物链所占比为91.6%.     

Molecular weights of polystyrenes in toluene solutions by light scattering. Comparison between classical values and values deduced from a new method

Light scattering measurements in toluene solutions are performed for a series of monodisperse polystyrenes with a molecular weight M_w range from 4×10³ to 8×10⁶. The scattered polarized intensities I_v and the natural depolarization ratios ρ_n are registered with different apparatus at λ=633 or 488 nm and the M_w values are deduced through different formulae. The complete Carr and Zimm formula (CL_a), from I_v and ρ_n, and the usual simplified formula (CL_b), from I_v, are considered for the classical method. An already demonstrated formula is considered for the new method (New). Values of M_w and related parameters do not depend on the experimental systems used but deviations appear when using different formulae. The deviations are generally low (about 10%) but often systematic: M_w(CL_a)<M_w(CL_b)<M_w(New). The most important difference concerns the effect of destructive interferences for M_w>5×10⁵: the new formula leads to a lower increase from θ=90° to θ→0 for M_w values (θ is the observation angle). For instance, in the 8×10⁶ sample, M_w(θ→0)/M_w(θ=90°)=3.6 instead of 6.1, which implies a revision of the usual determination of the radius of gyration, R_g.     

INVESTIGATION OF PP-EPR DIBLOCK COPOLYMER AS COMPATIBILIZER FOR PP/EPT BLEND

Blending isotactic polypropylene (PP) with ethylene-propylene terpolymer (EPT) is one of thesimplest and most effective ways for toughening PP. In order to further improve the toughness ofPP/EPT blend and to enhance the stability of the dispersed rubber phase, a diblock copolymer com-posed of PP and ethylene-propylene rubber blocks (PP-EPR) was added into the blend, as it is con-sidered that "forced compatibility" of the two components will be effected through the two chemi-cally bonded blocks, while two-phase structure still remains. Experimental results indicate that PP-EPR is an effective compatibilizer for PP/EPT blend. Itnot only increases the toughness of the blend, but also decreases the loss of tensile strengths usuallyaccompanying the toughening of plastics with an elastomer, which is very well explained by the mor-phological structure changes when an appropriate amount of PP-EPR was added into the blend.     

PP-EPR二嵌段共聚物作PP/EPT共混增容剂的探讨

对以实验室合成的PP-EPR二嵌段共聚物作为PP/EPT二元共混物的增容剂进行了探讨。共混物在增容前后的物理力学性能的变化说明PP-EPR对PP/EPT共混物具有优良的增容效果;同时又有克服通常因橡胶增韧塑料而强度下降的优点。形态结构的表征结果说明共混物为两相结构,阐明了PP-EPR的作用以及低温冲击强度大幅度提高和在增容后抗张强度损失减少的原因。     

Side chain type ionic liquid crystalline polymers having high Preliminary communication molecular weight

Side chain type ionic liquid crystalline polymers having a 4-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)pyridinium structure in their mesogenic side chain were synthesized. These polymers exhibited the smectic A phase. The molecular weights of these ionic liquid crystalline polymers are very high, e.g. for compound 7 - 2 M_w = 486 000.