Cl2和O2在TiC(100)表面共吸附行为的密度泛函理论分析

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理从头计算方法,建立了Cl₂和O₂在TiC(100)表面的共吸附模型.通过分析吸附能、电荷密度和偏态密度(PDOS)等参数,研究了Cl₂和O₂在TiC(100)表面的反应机理,发现解离后的Cl原子和O原子与TiC(100)表面的原子均成键,从而破坏了Ti—C键.Cl₂分子在吸附过程中充当电子的受体,得到与之成键的Ti原子贡献的电子,O₂分子在吸附过程中也充当电子的受体,得到C原子贡献的电子.TiC(100)表面在吸附分子后,Ti—C成键轨道上电子占据数变少,反键轨道上电子占据数增多,Ti原子与C原子之间的成键作用减弱.同时,Ti3d与Cl3s,Cl3p发生轨道重叠杂化作用,O2p轨道和C2p轨道存在较强的共振峰,Cl原子和O原子与TiC表面相互作用强烈.     

CNDO/2法计算二茂锆卤化物的电子结构

本文将Pople的闭壳层CNDO/2程序改编成将原子中s,p,d亚层分开处理,并扩展到可计算锆化合物的CNDO/2-TM程序;选取了锆的有关参数;计算了Cp_2ZrX_2(X=F,Cl)分子的电子结构.得到的氯化物分子轨道的能级次序和间隔与光电子能谱相符.计算的偶极矩为5.88D,与实验值相近.计算结果还说明Cp_2ZrX_2是有一定离子性的共价化合物.中心锆原子约呈 1价.金属锆的5s轨道参与茂环的σ键,5p轨道通过移入电子参与茂环σ键,而4d轨道则参与茂环的π键,但成键所占成分不大.Zr-F键的离子性占51％,Zr-Cl键的离子性占44％,Zr-Cp键的共价性在84～93％之间.     

金属四重键化合物M2X4(PMe3)4(M=Cr,Mo,W;X=F,Cl,Br,I)结构和电子光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法,在TZ2P-STO基组水平下,对金属四重键化合物M2Cl4(PMe3)4(M=Cr,Mo,W)和Mo2X4(PMe3)4(X=F,Cl,Br,I)的几何结构进行优化,分析了电子结构,并运用TDDFT方法对其低占据激发态进行了计算.考虑相对论效应的ZORA方法能够较好地重现M2X4(PMe3)4的几何结构.M2X4(PMe3)4的电子结构分析表明其d电子的组态为σ2π4δ2,前线轨道能级顺序为πlig<πd/σd<δd<δd*.金属原子和卤素配体的改变虽然使轨道能量发生变化,但没有影响轨道的排布顺序.TDDFT方法对M2X4(PMe3)4δd→δd*和πd→δd*跃迁能量的计算较为准确,对πlig→δd*(LMCT)跃迁能量的计算误差较大.金属原子、卤素配体以及相对论效应对激发能的影响可以根据分子轨道能级的变化给予解释.     

新的碲络合物的合成、性质与电子结构的研究

应用有机-水混合溶剂共热沉淀法,合成了一种新的白色固体细粉末Te2(OH)8(H2O)2Cl2,即[Te(OH)4(H2O)Cl]2双碲络合物,并用多种物理化学方法,对其组成和性质进行了测定.考察了温度、溶剂、反应时间等因素对其生成量及稳定性的影响,结果表明该络合物是很稳定的,具有许多有意义的性质.结合实验,在B3LYP/CEP-4G水平上对其几何构型进行了优化,得到了最佳稳定形态的电子结构,最低总能量为-5 553246×105kJ·mol-1,每个中心原子Te净电荷为1 998958e,表明是电子"授体",反馈给四个"受体"配位体HO上的O原子,分别为-0 221138e,-0 209388e,-0 221098e和-0 250985e,也表明该络合物是稳定的.比较合理地说明了实验结果.     

金属四重键化合物M2X4（PMe3）4（M=Cr，Mo，W;X=F，CI，Br，I）结构和电子光谱的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法，在TZ2P-STO基组水平下，对金属四重键化合物M2Cl4（PMe3）4（M=Cr，Mo，W）和Mo2X4（PMe3）4（X=F，Cl，Br，I）的几何结构进行优化，分析了电子结构，并运用TDDFT方法对其低占据激发态进行了计算．考虑相对论效应的ZORA方法能够较好地重现M2X4（PMe3）4的几何结构．M2X4（PMe3）4的电子结构分析表明其d电子的组态为σ^2π^4δ^2，前线轨道能级顺序为πlig〈πd／σd〈δd〈δd^＊．金属原子和卤素配体的改变虽然使轨道能量发生变化，但没有影响轨道的排布顺序．TDDFT方法对M2Xa（PMe3）4δd→δd^＊和π→δd^＊跃迁能量的计算较为准确，对πlig→δd^＊（LMCT）跃迁能量的计算误差较大．金属原子、卤素配体以及相对论效应对激发能的影响可以根据分子轨道能级的变化给予解释．     

(Ph3P)2,Co(CO)2Cl和(dppe-P,P)2CO(CO)+的分子轨道研究

本文对(PH3P)2, Co(CO)2Cl和(dppe-P,P)2CO(CO)+(dppe=Ph2CH2CH2PPh2)五配位C2O对称性模型化合物进行了分轨道研究, 结果表明, 钴的3d轨道很少参与成键, 钴的4s, 4P与配体的S,P轨道通过形式上的二电子三中心键和二电子二中心键的相互作用构成五配位, 此外, 还解释了这两种化合物不同稳定性的原因。     

三核钼原子簇化合物的EPR和电子结构

本文报道一个新的三核钼原子簇化合物在室温和77K固态和液态的EPR谱,这些谱均呈现出a,b两套谱线的叠加,分析谱线的强度比,线宽和谱参数,认为g值较大的a谱归属于三核钼原子簇化合物,而b谱归属于单核钼杂质。从由X射线晶体结构方法确定的空间结构出发,三核钼原子簇化合物可能有两种分子形式:Mo3(μ3-S)(μ2-S)3Cl[S2P(OEt)2]4 1Mo3(μ3-S)(μ2-S)(μ2-Cl)2Cl[S2P(OEt)2]4 2分别用简单量子化学理论和EHMO法计算出未配对电子所处的分子轨道,求出g1和g1,并与EPR实验值相比较,认为该化合物的分子式应为2,簇骼{Mo3}属七电子体系,在77K温度下,其未配对电子主要局域在三个钼原子所组成的近似等腰三角形簇骼的顶点钼原子周围。     

一些钼络合物的X光电子能谱

本文研究了一些钼络合物的X光电子能谱,测定了钼3d电子的结合能(E_b),并讨论了钼的氧化态和桥连原子对此的影响。     

四核钼亚硝基双硫配合物Na2[Mo4O(S2)6(NO)4].3H2O的合成和晶体结构

本文报道了四核钼亚硝基双硫配合物——Na_2[MO_4O(S_2)_6(NO)_4]·3H_2O的合成和晶体结构。该晶体属单斜晶系;空间群Ic;晶胞参数a=10.322(2),b=22.945(6),c=10.312(2)A,β=90.02(1)°;Z=4;D~c=2.731g·cm~(-3)。在CAD4四圆衍射仪上录谱,其中I≥3σ(I)的独立衍射点为2258个。晶体结构采用直接法解出,并用全矩阵最小二乘法修正,最终偏离因子R为0.053。研究结果表明,阴离子是以四配位氧为中心的四核钼硫配合物,氧原子处在四个钼组成的稍为扭曲的四面体中心。每对Mo原子均由S_2配位基端接或侧接桥联。Mo(IV)原子配位为扭曲的五角双锥,其中线性亚硝基NO基团及桥基氧原子处在五角双锥轴线上,五个硫原子在五角双锥赤道面上,阴离子构型接近S_4对称性。     

烷基吡啶及氯化铝正负离子结构的密度泛函研究

采用量子化学密度泛函方法对N-烷基吡啶阳离子和阴离子AlCl4-,Al2Cl7-和Al3Cl10-进行了全优化计算,得到了阴阳离子的几何构型和净电荷分布.计算发现,吡啶环上的电子数符合4n 2规则,具有芳香性.吡啶阳离子的LUMO轨道主要由环上原子的2pz所贡献,是反键π分子轨道.AlCl4-,Al2Cl7-和Al3Cl10-的HOMO轨道主要由Cl原子的2px所贡献.推测吡啶阳离子的LUMO与阴离子的HOMO相互作用形成离子液体分子.     

Fe2S2(SH)4[2-,3-]的从头计算

正确的能级次序应与分子的活性位置一致.实验证实,铁硫蛋白或模型化合物Fe_2S_2(SR)~(2-)及Fe_4S_4(SR)_4~(2-)的活性位置在端基,易于发生多种取代反应,而Fe_2S_2和Fe_4S_4实一般是稳定的.但是,经过电化学还原生成的Fe_2S_2(SR)_4~(3-),却不可逆地二聚化,生成Fe_4S_4(SR)_4~(2-)     

α-Keggin结构钼硅四电子杂多蓝的量子化学研究

采用半经验的INDO法,首次完成了α-Keggin 结构钼硅四电子杂多蓝K~ 3H~ 5[Simo^v~4-Mo^Ⅵ~8O~4~0].12H~2O量子化学计算,获得102个成键轨道和68 个反键轨道,轨道能级,键序及电荷等数据,证明了杂多酸盐还原产物杂多蓝,还原后Keggin结构阴离子中各原子上电子云密度重新分配,产生一定程度的结构畸变, 但仍保持α-Keggin结构,最高占据轨道由组成分子的各原子轨道组成,其中的桥氧(O~b'O~c)成分较多,表明O~b'O~c为分子中的主要化学活性点HOMO和LUMO为负值, 表明仍可进一步接受电子生成四电子以上的杂多蓝,Muliken分析进一步证明了还原钼原子的位置.     

Electron deficient carbon-titanium triple bonds: formation of triplet XC/TiX3 methylidyne complexes

Laser-ablated titanium atoms react with CX4 (X = F and Cl) to produce triplet state XC/TiX3 complexes trapped in an argon matrix. Products are identified by their infrared spectra and comparison to theoretically predicted vibrations. Density functional theory calculations converge to C(3v) symmetry structures for these lowest-energy products. The two unpaired electrons in the carbon 2p orbitals are shared with empty titanium d orbitals leading to degenerate singly occupied pi molecular orbitals and an electron-deficient triple bond between the carbon and titanium centers, on the basis of DFT bonding analysis and spin density calculations. The carbon-titanium distances are near typical C=Ti double bond lengths, and the C-X bonds in the resulting products are shorter than in the CX4 precursors. It appears that X lone-pair conjugation contributes to the C-X bond strength and somewhat to the C-Ti bond, and Cl does better in this regard than F.     

稀土夹心化合物的SCF-Xａ-SW研究 2:Cp~2Yb C~2H~2和Cp~2Yb(OC)~2

用SCF-Xａ-SW方法非相对论和相对论方案计算了Cp~aYb C~2H~2和Cp~2Yb(OC)~2.非相对论主HOMO是Cp的π轨道,相对论间接效应的作用,使得Yb的4f轨道能级上升为HOMO,相对论结果与Yb二价化合物不稳定、易氧化的实验结果一致,也表明了研究重稀土化合物考虑相对论效应的必要性.计算共价键强度与Cp~2Yb相近,比YbF~3和Cp~3SM弱,再次表明二价稀土化合共价键比三价化合物弱.同时也证实了σ型配体(CO)与稀土元素的配 位作用比π型配体(C~2H~2)强的结论.     

EPR spectroscopy of [Fe2O2(5-Et3-TPA)2]3+: electronic origin of the unique spin-Hamiltonian parameters of the Fe2(III,IV)O2 diamond core

The electronic origins of the magnetic signatures of [Fe(2)O(2)(5-Et(3)-TPA)(2)](ClO(4))(3), where 5-Et(3)-TPA = tris(5-ethyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amine, were investigated by density functional calculations. These signatures consist of a near-axial EPR spectrum, anisotropic superhyperfine broadening upon (17)O substitution in the Fe(2)O(2) core, and an unusually large, positive zero-field splitting parameter, D = 38 +/- 3 cm(-1). Density functional calculations identify the anisotropic (17)O superhyperfine broadening to be due to a preponderance of oxo 2p density perpendicular to the plane of the Fe(2)O(2) core in the three singly occupied molecular orbitals of the S = (3)/(2) ground state. The near-axial g-matrix arises from DeltaS = 0 spin-orbit mixing between the singly and doubly occupied d(pi) orbitals of the iron d-manifold. The large D is due to DeltaS = +/-1 spin-orbit mixing with low-lying d(pi) excited states. These experimental observables reflect the dominance of iron-oxo (rather than Fe-Fe) bonding in the Fe(2)O(2) core, and define the low-lying valence orbitals responsible for reactivity.     

Electronic structure of 3d[M(H2O)6](3+) ions from Sc(III) to Fe(III): a quantum mechanical study based on DFT computations and natural bond orbital analyses

The metal-donor atom bonding along the series of 3d[M(H2O)6](3+) ions from Sc(3+) to Fe(3+) has been investigated by density-functional calculations combined with natural localized bond orbital analyses. The M-OH(2) bonds were considered as donor-acceptor bonds, and the contributions coming from the metal ion's 3d sigma-, 3d pi-, and 4s sigma-interactions were treated individually. In this way, the total amount of charge transferred from the water oxygen-donor atoms toward the appropriate metal orbitals could be analyzed in a straightforward manner. One result obtained along these lines is that the overall extent of ligand-to-metal charge transfer shows a strong correlation to the hydration enthalpies of the aqua metal ions. If the contributions to the total ligand-to-metal ion charge transfer are divided into sigma- and pi-contributions, it turns out that Cr(3+) is the best sigma-acceptor, but its pi-accepting abilities are the weakest along the series. Fe(3+) is found to be the best pi-acceptor among the 3d hexaaqua ions studied. Its aptitude to accept sigma-electron density is the second weakest along the series and only slightly higher than that of Sc(3+) (the least sigma-acceptor of all ions) because of the larger involvement of the Fe(3+) 4s orbital in sigma-bonding. The strengths of the three types of bonding interactions have been correlated with the electron affinities of the different metal orbitals. Deviations from the regular trends of electron affinities along the series were found for those [M(H2O)6](3+) ions that are subject to Jahn-Teller distortions. In these cases (d(1) = [Ti(H2O)6](3+), d(2) = [V(H2O)6](3+), and d(4) = [Mn(H2O)6](3+)), ligand-to-metal charge transfer is prevented to go into those metal orbitals that contain unpaired d electrons. A lowering of the complex symmetry is observed and coupled with the following variations: The Ti(3+)- and V(3+)-hexaaqua ions switch from T(h)() to C(i)() symmetry while the Mn(3+)-hexaaqua ion moves to D(2)(h)() symmetry. The loss of orbital overlap leading to a diminished ligand-to-metal charge transfer toward the single occupied metal orbitals is compensated by amplified bonding interactions of the ligand orbitals with the unoccupied metal orbitals to some extent.     

[C_5H_7S_2]_2[(SbCl_3)_2S]的晶体结构

[C_5H_7S_2]_2[(SbC1_3)_2S]的晶体结构采用x射线衍射法测定。晶体属于卑斜晶系,空间群C2/c,a=14.531(2),b=11.265(2),c=15.364(3),B=112.72(1)°,Z=4。在CAD-4四圆衍射仪上收集数据,用重原子法解出结构并经全矩阵最小二乘法修正。R=0.067。研究表明,该离子晶体中,[C_5H_7S_2]~+的C、S骨架具有平面构型,而[(SbCl_3)_2S]~(2-)的构型是:Sb原子周围形成缺位的准三角双锥构型,两个Sb准三角双锥通过共用S桥形成二聚体,∠Sb-S-Sb=98°,整个阴离子具有C_2对称性。     

The spin coupling in the diiron complex [Fe2(hpdta)(H2O)3Cl

Density functional, multireference configuration interaction, and modified valence configuration interaction calculations are used to investigate the electronic structure and spin coupling of the dinuclear [Fe(2)(hpdta)(H(2)O)(3)Cl] complex (H(5)hpdta = Hydroxypropane-1,3-diamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid). The density functional calculations give evidence of both, states with local high-spin iron centres and states with local low-spin iron centres, the relative energy of which strongly depends on the functional. The splitting of states due to the spin coupling between the high-spin iron centres varies by more than a factor of two for different functionals. In an attempt to study to what extent it is possible to undertake configuration interaction calculations on such binuclear compounds, multireference configuration interaction calculations are performed on a [Fe(2)(OH)(5)(H(2)O)(3)(NH(3))(2)Cl] model complex. The results show that, when correlating only the ten iron 3d orbitals and the four valence orbitals of the bridging OH group, the calculated splitting is still by a factor of about 3 smaller than the value for the splitting inferred from magnetic susceptibility measurements. Modified valence configuration interaction calculations are performed to approximately take into account the influence of orbital relaxation effects of all occupied orbitals in the excited configurations. The exchange splitting is significantly increased, but still smaller than the experimental value.     

双三苯膦铁硫原子簇配合物(μ-i-C3H7S)(μ-PhCH2S)-Fe2(CO)4(PPh3)2的合成及晶体结构

通过(μ-i-C3H7S)(μ-PhCH2S)Fe2(CO)6和三苯膦在甲苯中回流反应6h, 制得了三苯膦双取代配合物(μ-i-C3H7S)(μ-PhCH2S)Fe2(CO)4(PPh3)2(1), 并用X射线衍射技术测得其单晶结构. 晶体属三斜晶系, 空间群为PI. 晶胞参数: a=10.268(4),b=20.289(1), c=22.799(5)埃; a=94.73(1)°, β=102.98(2)°, γ=89.93(1)°;V=4610.5埃^3, Z=4, Dc=1.36g/cm^3. 晶体结构用直接法(MULTAN 82)测定, 采用块矩阵最小二乘法进行最终结构精化, 最后偏离因子R=0.059, Rw=0.068. 单晶X射线分析表明, 配合物1的簇核是由两个铁原子和两个硫原子组成的蝴蝶式结构; 两个三苯膦配体处于铁-铁弯键的反位; 异丙基和苄基分别以6键与硫相连.     

从二聚体到长链体系 I: 一种理解和获得-维能带的近似方法

将二聚体的分子轨道看作Bloch函数受微扰的结果, 对其能级作赝同相和赝反相分类, 获得的一维近似能带与晶体轨道计算得到的能带定性趋势完全一致. 以[Pt(CN)4^2^-]及聚乙炔为代表示范了应用, 表明从二聚体获得长链体系能带与性能的主要信息是可能的.