硅烯与异硫氰酸反应机理的量子化学研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G**水平上对反应物、中间体、过渡态进行了全几何参数优化, 通过频率分析和IRC方法确认了中间体和过渡态. 又用QCISD(T)/6-311＋＋G**//B3LYP/6-311＋＋G**方法计算了各个驻点的单点能, 计算结果表明单重态的硅烯与异硫氰酸的反应有抽提硫、插入、抽提亚氨基的路径. 而经由三元环中间体的抽提硫反应SiH2＋HNCS→IM1→TS2→IM3→TS3→IM4→SiH2S＋HNC(P1), 反应能垒最低, 为主反应通道, 硫代硅甲醛和异氰氢酸为主产物. 硅烯直接抽提硫、插入N—H键和经由三元环中间体的亚氨基抽提反应为竞争反应通道, 在室温下可以发生, 应为次反应通道.     

D-苯丙氨酸与Cu＋(1S0, 3d10)气相反应理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函(DFT)方法研究D-苯丙氨酸与一价基态金属阳离子Cu^＋在气相中反应的机理. 在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上, 优化了反应包含的4个反应通道的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型, 并采用B3LYP/DZVP, B3LYP/[6-311＋G**(C,H,O)＋Lanl2dz(Cu)], B3LYP/6-311＋G**, MP2/6-311＋G** 等方法对各驻点进行了单点能计算. 通过对计算结果的分析, 获得了其单重态反应势能面的一般轮廓、各驻点几何构型优化参数, 明确了其反应机理.     

SiH2自由基与HNCO反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了SiH₂自由基与HNCO的反应机理, 并在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G**水平上对反应物、中间体、过渡态进行了全几何参数优化, 通过频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)确定了中间体和过渡态. 为了得到更精确的能量值, 又用QCISD(T)/6-311＋＋G**方法计算了在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G**水平优化后的各个驻点的相对能量. 计算结果表明SiH₂自由基与HNCO的反应有五条反应通道, 其中顺式反应通道SiH₂＋HNCO→IM3→ TS4→IM5→TS5→IM6→SiH₂NH＋CO反应能垒最低, 为主反应通道.     

SiH2自由基与HNCO反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了SiH₂自由基与HNCO的反应机理, 并在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G**水平上对反应物、中间体、过渡态进行了全几何参数优化, 通过频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)确定了中间体和过渡态. 为了得到更精确的能量值, 又用QCISD(T)/6-311＋＋G**方法计算了在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G**水平优化后的各个驻点的相对能量. 计算结果表明SiH₂自由基与HNCO的反应有五条反应通道, 其中顺式反应通道SiH₂＋HNCO→IM3→ TS4→IM5→TS5→IM6→SiH₂NH＋CO反应能垒最低, 为主反应通道.     

OH抽提1-戊醇分子中α-H和β-H引发的大气反应机理的理论研究

采用量子化学密度泛函理论研究了OH抽提1-戊醇分子中α-H和β-H引发的大气反应的机理. 在B3LYP/6-311＋G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上对该反应体系的反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了几何构型优化和频率计算, 给出了各反应通道的自由能剖面图. 计算结果表明: OH抽提1-戊醇分子中α-H和β-H引发的反应通道的主要产物分别为1-戊醛和1-丁醛; 生成的产物极性和水溶性增强, 易通过成核、水合或吸附反应形成二次有机气溶胶.     

·C2H3+O2→HC·O+H2CO 的密度泛函理论研究

应用密度泛函理论研究了@C2H3+O2→HC@O+H2CO的反应机理.在DFT(B3LYP/6-31G*)水平上对反应过程中所有反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型进行优化,通过频率振动分析确认中间体和过渡态.计算IRC反应路径的能量,分析了中间体的异构化过程和各主要原子的自旋密度.     

OH引发的正辛烷大气反应机理的理论研究

采用量子化学密度泛函理论研究了正辛烷与OH自由基的大气氧化反应机理。在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上对该反应体系的反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了几何构型优化和频率计算,并在B3LYP/6-311＋G(3df,2p)水平上进行了单点能计算,得出了各反应通道的势能剖面图. 计算结果表明: 羟基硝酸酯和含有羟基羰基官能团的化合物是主要的反应产物,并且它们的挥发性较低,容易形成二次有机气溶胶。另外,本文将理论计算结果与可用的实验观测结果进行了比较。     

己烷催化异构化反应中氢溢流机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)在B3LYP/6-311++ G**//B3LYP/6-311G*水平下, 对正己烷(C6H14)催化异构化反应中的氢溢流机理进行了理论探讨. 通过对振动模式分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算确认了各可能反应的过渡态. 同时在MP2/6-311++G**水平上对各驻点做了单点能计算和零点能校正, 计算出各反应通道的活化能, 进而确定了该反应的主反应通道, 其活化能为42.52 kJ/mol.     

O（~1D）与CF_2HCl反应的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论（DFT）和G3B3方法，对为（~1D）与CF_2HCl的反应 进行了研究，在B3LYP/6-311+G(d)，B3LYP/6-311+G(2df,2pd)和G3B3计算水平上， 优化了反应热能面上各驻点的几何结构，通过内禀反应坐标（IRC）计算和振动分 析，对反应过渡态进行了确认，并确定了反应机理。     

过氧亚硝酸与苯酚的反应机理理论研究

采用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了过氧亚硝酸分解产生的自由基(•OH和•NO2)与苯酚的反应机理. 在B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)水平上对该反应体系的反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了几何构型优化并计算了振动频率和能量. 计算结果表明, 过氧亚硝酸与苯酚的反应生成两种主要产物, 分别为邻羟基苯酚和对羟基苯酚, 这一结论与实验结果一致. 此外在同一计算水平上采用SCRF(PCM)方法计算了溶剂化效应, 结果表明, 极性溶剂可以降低各反应通道的活化能, 有利于反应的进行.     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.     

液滴荧光传感与计算机联用技术在微量分析中的应用

通过在LS55型荧光-磷光-发光分光光度计上加装液滴产生及调节附件,采用计算机采集与分析处理数据,成功地研制了双通道液滴光化学传感装置.利用葡聚糖凝胶对复合维生素B中不同组分的选择性吸附来达到分离与同时检测的目的,并将其用于复合维生素B药片的分析,取得了满意的结果.     

On the scaling of the interface energy of the liquid clusters in the disordered nanoporous medium

Similarity of the extrusion curves of non-wetting liquid in a nanoporous medium with different initial fill volume fractions is observed experimentally. The similarity can be explained by the scaling of the interface energy and the self-similarity of the infinite percolation cluster of fluid-filled pores. Understanding the physical processes leading to the observed phenomena is a foundation for the development of high-performance devices for damping and energy storage on the basis of such heterogeneous systems.     

Using of the Agglomeration-in-liquid for the Technology of the Fine Materials

The content of the fine and ultrafine particles in the raw material results in difficulty of the separation, the loss of the valuable components and ecological contamination. Secondary using of the fine particles is impossible without their granulation. This problem has been solved by the agglomeration-in-liquid method.An agglomeration-in-liquid method is a process to produce agglomerates in a liquid phase from solid particles suspended in the liquid. The surface of solid particles and the binding liquid must be of identical polarity, but the continuous phase must be of the opposite polarity. The water solutions of the surfactant are the binding liquids or the organic liquids.     

Copper-containing dendromesogens: the influence of the metal on the mesomorphism

The synthesis and liquid crystalline behaviour of the first and second generations of a dendrimeric structure based on poly(propyleneimine)(DAB-dendr(NH₂)_x) are reported. 4-(4-n-Alkoxybenzoyloxy)salicylaldehydes are used as mesogenic moieties attached at the peripheral amino groups of the dendrimers giving rise to dendromesogens with four and eight mesogenic branches. From these dendromesogens, considered as organic ligands, were prepared six metal-containing dendrimers which incorporate two or four copper atoms in their structures. All the dendrimeric ligands and three of the metal-containing dendrimers exhibit liquid crystalline properties which were studied by optical microscopy, DSC, X-ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy.     

光亮剂对银电沉积行为的影响

用电势阶跃法和旋转圆盘电极法 (RDE)以及SEM和XRD测试手段 ,初步研究了光亮剂对氰化体系中银电沉积行为的影响 .研究表明 ,光亮剂的加入并未导致银电沉积成核机理的改变 ,但显著增强了镀液的微观平整效应 ,并且所得镀层的表观光滑程度明显改善 .XRD测试亦同时表明光亮剂的加入并未改变镀层的择优取向     

Influence of the Position of the Connecting Spacer of the Chromophore on the Nonlinear Optical Response

A new chromophore, C1 , based on a similar DπA‐structure as in the FTC ‐chromophore but with a hydroxyalkyl spacer perpendicular to the direction of the dipole moment was synthesized. Both chromophores and the CLD ‐chromophore were used to prepare high T_g nonlinear optical vinyl polymers. The influence of the position of the spacer on the DπA‐system on the NLO response of the resulting polymers was investigated.

     

On the dependence of the critical supersaturation on the initial undersaturation in the reverse Wilson chamber

The dependence of the critical supersaturation on the degree of the initial undersaturation has been analyzed in detail.This dependence is explained by means of the Richarch-Powell equation, taking into account the dependence of the -ratio upon the partial pressures of the inert gas and the liquid under investigation.