手性选择体的固定量对固定相手性分离的影响

为研究手性选择体的固定量对固定相对映体分离能力的影响,将L-(-)-二苯甲酰酒石酸与苯甲醇反应,制备出单苄酯,再将此单苄酯的另一羧基转化为酰氯,得到手性选择体,将此选择体固定在氨丙基硅胶上,制备出选择体固定量较高的固定相,比较了此固定相与前期工作中选择体相同但选择体固定量较低的固定相在手性分离能力方面的差异,此外讨论了...     

双选择体的涂覆量对手性固定相分离特性的影响

研究了涂敷量对双选择体手性固定相分离特性的影响。分别将纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)与纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯),直链淀粉-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)与直链淀粉-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)进行共混,得到两种共混合物。以这两种共混合物为手性选择体,制备了涂覆量分别为17%及25%的四种手性固定相。评价了这些固定相的手性分离性能,结果表明:增加手性选择体的涂覆量,直链淀粉衍生物双选择体固定相的手性分离性能得到提高,而纤维素衍生物固定相的手性分离性能则稍有降低。较高涂覆量的纤维素衍生物固定相在含叔丁醇、异丁醇和正丁醇流动相中的保留因子依次减小,而其手性识别能力依次增强。     

基于酒石酸衍生物的聚合物型手性固定相的制备及手性识别

以D-(-)-酒石酸和D-(-)-酒石酸二异丙基酯为手性源,合成了D-(-)-酒石酸二苄酯和D-(-)-酒石酸二苄胺,这2种单体再分别与对苯二甲酰氯和对苯二异氰酸酯进行聚合,得到聚酯和聚氨酯型手性选择体.将这2种聚合物同时键合到氨丙基硅胶上制得双选择体手性固定相.为了比较分离性能,将两种聚合物分别单独地键合在氨丙基硅胶上,制备了2种单选择体手性固定相.用FTIR、元素分析和NMR对所合成的化合物进行了表征.在相同色谱条件下,用31种手性化合物对3种固定相的手性识别能力进行了评价.研究结果表明,3种固定相均具有较好的手性识别能力,双选择体固定相手性识别能力优于单选择体手性固定相,双选择体手性固定相中的2个选择体之间存在协同作用.     

支载液膜双有机相萃取分离氧氟沙星外消旋体

基于化学热力学原理, 采用逆流分级萃取和中空纤维支载液膜技术研究了氧氟沙星外消旋体在手性环境中的萃取分离. 膜内外两相辛醇溶液中分别含有L-二苯甲酰酒石酸和D-二苯甲酰酒石酸手性选择体, 其中膜内相辛醇溶液中含有氧氟沙星外消旋体. 中空纤维膜用含有溴化十六烷基三甲胺的磷酸氢二钠/磷酸缓冲液(pH = 6.86)浸泡48 h. 改性的液膜允许氧氟沙星对映体穿过, 而手性选择体和有机溶剂不能穿过. 对中空纤维膜分级手性萃取理论, 传质性能及立体选择性进行了研究; 并建立了氧氟沙星外消旋体在中空纤维支载液膜手性分离的数学模型R/S=0.976 e^0.03NTU. 使用11个22 cm长膜器串联(传质单元数为78)逆流分级萃取, 产品光学纯度达90%以上.     

二(2-乙基己基)磷酸与酒石酸衍生物复合萃取拆分扁桃酸外消旋体

本文研究了扁桃酸对映体在含二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA)与酒石酸衍生物复合手性选择剂的正辛醇-水两相体系中的萃取分配行为,考察了酒石酸衍生物的种类和初始浓度、D2EHPA的初始浓度、扁桃酸的初始浓度、萃取温度对分配系数和分离因子的影响.结果显示,复合手性选择剂能提高分配系数和分离因子,D2EHPA与D-酒石酸衍生物的复合手性选择剂与L-扁桃酸对映体比与D-扁桃酸对映体形成更稳定的非对映体复合物;且D2EHPA与二对甲基苯甲酰酒石酸(DTTA)的复合手性选择剂的手性选择性大于D2EHPA与二苯甲酰酒石酸(DBTA)的复合手性选择剂;同时,扁桃酸的初始浓度、萃取温度对分配系数和分离因子的影响较大.     

双相(O/W)识别手性萃取分离α-环己基扁桃酸对映体

提出一种新的手性分离技术双相(O/W)识别手性萃取. 研究了α-环己基扁桃酸对映体在D(L)-酒石酸异丁酯1,2-二氯乙烷有机相和β-环糊精衍生物水相萃取体系中的分配行为; 考察了β-环糊精衍生物种类和浓度、酒石酸酯构型和浓度、水相pH 值等因素对萃取性能的影响. 实验结果表明, 双相(O/W)识别手性萃取具有很强的手性分离能力, 羟丙基β-环糊精、羟乙基β-环糊精、甲基β-环糊精均对S-α-环己基扁桃酸对映体的识别能力大于对R-α-环己基扁桃酸对映体的识别能力, 其中以羟丙基β-环糊精的识别能力最强; 而D-酒石酸异丁酯的识别能力刚好相反; 在羟丙基β-环糊精和D-酒石酸异丁酯萃取体系中, α-环己基扁桃酸外消旋体一次萃取分离后, 水相中S-对映体e.e.%达到27.6%, R-和S-对映体的分配系数(k_R和k_S)分别为2.44和0.98, 分离因子(α)达2.49; 同时pH值和萃取剂浓度对手性分离能力有显著影响. 双相(O/W)识别手性萃取对外消旋体化合物的制备性分离有着十分重要的意义.     

高效液相色谱纤维素衍生物类手性固定相拆分泮托拉唑对映体

泮托拉唑（pantoprazole,简称为PAN）是一种选择性的长效质子泵抑制剂。PAN分子由苯并咪唑通过亚砜基连接吡啶环组成,内含手性硫原子,故存在S-（-）型和R-（＋）型对映异构体,临床以消旋体给药。文献已有用牛血清白蛋白、卵粘蛋白、多糖衍生物和α1-糖蛋白、酒石酸衍生物等手性固定相拆分泮托拉唑对映体的报道。纤维素-三-（4-甲基苯甲酰酯）手性固定相稳定性好,柱效高,对羰基化合物、内酯、内酰胺、亚砜等化合物有较好的拆分能力,硫巴比妥衍生物、痛力克等药物都在该固定相上得到了完全分离。本文使用纤维素-三-（4-甲基苯甲酰酯）手性固定相实现了泮托拉唑对映体的拆分,并计算了对映体的光学纯度。     

手性固定相Chirex 3001对安息香和联萘酚及其类似物的分子识别

利用分子力学方法, 建立了苯基甘氨酸型手性固定相Chirex 3001的简化模型, 并探讨了手性固定相Chirex 3001与安息香和联萘酚及其类似物的识别机制. 模拟结果表明, 固定相主体与手性客体分子识别作用的推动力主要来自于它们之间的π-π堆积、氢键和范德华等作用. 主体与(S)-构型的客体1～3结合能力强于(R)-构型的客体, 而对于客体4～6, 则是与(R)-构型的结合强于(S)-构型, 这与高效液相色谱拆分实验结果相符. 客体1～3对映体在Chirex 3001柱上的分离因子分别为1.02, 1.04和1.11, (R)-构型先被洗脱; 客体4～6对映体的分离因子分别为1.23, 1.26和1.09, (S)-构型先被洗脱.     

混合萃取剂拆分氧氟沙星外消旋体

将混合萃取剂技术应用于氧氟沙星外消旋体的萃取分离,主要研究了氧氟沙星对映体在水和有机溶剂两相中的萃取分配行为。研究结果表明:在L-(-)-对甲基二苯甲酰酒石酸(L-DTTA)的浓度为0.18mol/L,L-(-)-二苯甲酰酒石酸(L-DBTA)的浓度为0.12mol/L,氧氟沙星浓度为0.2mg/mL,萃取温度为25℃,pH为7.00时,L型对映体和D型对映体的分配系数分别达到10.2和4.20,手性选择性达到2.43。     

手性选择体涂敷薄层色谱拆分盐酸普萘洛尔

采用手性选择体涂敷薄层色谱方法,拆分了盐酸普萘洛尔对映体,考察了β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精以及（2R,3R）-酒石酸-二-烷基酯等多种手性选择体拆分效果,得到手性选择体涂敷薄层色谱拆分盐酸普萘洛尔对映体最佳条件：采用β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精涂敷薄层色谱,以乙腈-仲丁醇混合溶剂作展开剂,展开剂中乙腈体积分数大于30%时,室温下展开均可拆分盐酸普萘洛尔对映体,并实现基线分离.实验同时发现,采用（2R,3R）-酒石酸-二-烷基酯涂敷薄层色谱拆分不能实现拆分.通过比较手性选择体结构,探讨了拆分机理.     

淀粉及纤维素三(3-三氟甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相的制备及其性能评价

为了扩展多糖类手性固定相的种类,制备了基于淀粉及纤维素三(3-三氟甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)的涂敷型手性固定相,以正己烷-异丙醇混合液为流动相,对8种手性化合物进行了高效液相色谱拆分。研究表明: 虽然与应用最广泛的分别以淀粉及纤维素三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)为手性选择因子的商品化手性柱Chiralpak AD和Chiralcel OD相比,所制备的手性固定相的手性分离能力较低,但纤维素三(3-三氟甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相显示出特异的手性识别能力,一些手性化合物在此固定相上得到了比在Chiracel OD上更好的分离;所制备的手性固定相的手性识别能力随流动相中异丙醇含量的降低而变好,当流动相中正己烷与异丙醇的体积比为95:5时所制备的手性固定相显示出相对较高的手性识别能力;总体来说,淀粉三(3-三氟甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相的手性识别能力稍强于纤维素三(3-三氟甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)手性固定相,同时两种手性固定相的手性识别能力具有一定的互补性。     

The enantiomeric recognition of dihydropyrimidonic compounds by chiral selectors derived from 4- or 2-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid

Six new chiral packing materials for high performance liquid chromatography have been prepared from chiral selectors consisting of 4- or 2-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, l-alanine and different π-donor aromatic units. Comparative tests of these newly prepared CSPs on separation efficiency for 13 racemic dihydropyrimidonic (DHPM) analytes have revealed the strong contribution of the π-acceptor branching unit, as well as the important influence of the structure of the terminal π-donor unit. The role of the terminal aromatic group is primarily to increase the rigidity of the selector structure. Comparisons of the data revealed that selectors bound on the silica gel could be preorganized during the process of chiral recognition, resulting in the similar enantioseparation properties for DHPM analytes on both types of CSPs. However, some other compounds, such as amino alcohol β-agonists, exhibit very different enantioseparations.     

不同载体涂敷的纤维素酯手性固定相的制备及性能

以微晶纤维素和3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯为原料,合成了纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(CDMPC),将其分别涂敷于小孔硅胶(SG)、氨丙基化小孔硅胶(APS-SG)和介孔SBA-15微球上,制得3种手性固定相：SG@CDMPC(CSP1)、APS-SG@CDMPC(CSP2)及SBA-15@CDMPC(CSP3),正相条件下考察了12种中性或酸性手性化合物在自制手性固定相上的拆分效果,并与商品柱Chiralcel OD-H的拆分性能进行了对比。 6个手性化合物在CSP1上获得比在商品柱上更高的柱效,其中2个手性化合物获得比在商品柱上更高的分离因子和分离度,而CSP2和CSP3的拆分效果总体较CSP1和商品柱的差。 探讨了自制手性固定相对华法令的拆分和定量测定,华法令在CSP1上的检测限为10 μg/L,在0.05~5 g/L范围内线性关系良好。     

Comparison of enantiomer separation on two chiral stationary phases derived from (+)-18-crown-6-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid of the same chiral selector

Liquid chromatographic comparisons for enantiomer resolution of α-amino acids and chiral primary amino compounds were made using chiral stationary phases (CSPs) prepared by covalently bonding (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid (18-C-6-TA) of the same chiral selector. The resolution of all α-amino acids on CSP 1 developed in our group was found to be better than that on CSP 2 reported by Machida et al. All α-amino acids examined in this study were well enantioseparated on CSP 1 (α=1.22–2.47), while four analytes were not resolved or all the other analytes were poorly resolved on CSP 2 than on CSP 1. However, in resolving the primary amino compounds without a carbonyl group, CSP 1 was comparable with CSP 2. Although (+)-18-C-6-TA of the same chiral selector was used to prepare CSP 1 and CSP 2, this study showed that different connecting methods for the CSPs might influence their ability to resolve the analytes depending on their structures related to the chiral recognition mechanism.     

Enantioseparation of racemic N-acylarylalkylamines on various amino alcohol derived tau-acidic chiral stationary phases

Five tau-acidic chiral stationary phases (CSPs), CSP 4, CSP 5, CSP 6, CSP 7 and CSP 8, were prepared by connecting the N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl) derivative of (R)-alaninol, (S)-leucinol, (1S,2R)-ephedrine and (S)-tert-leucinol and the O-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) derivative of (R)-phenylglycinol to silica gel through a carbamate or urea linkage. The CSPs were applied to the resolution of various racemic N-acyl-1-naphthylaminoalkanes by chiral HPLC, and the chromatographic resolution results were compared with those of previously reported CSPs (CSP 2, CSP 3), which are derived from N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-(1S,2R)-norephedrine and N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-(R)-phenylglycinol. Based on a comparison of the resolution results for each CSP, the role of each functional group on the five chiral selectors is explained.     

键合型手性固定相的研究进展

手性分离在生物医药等领域具有重要意义。高效液相色谱(HPLC)因其经济、快速、高效等特点被广泛应用于手性化合物的分离分析中。手性固定相(CSP)是HPLC实现手性分离的核心,而制备有效CSP的关键在于手性选择剂的筛选。近年来,大量文献报道了新型CSPs的制备,其中键合型CSPs因具有溶剂耐受性和较高稳定性等优点受到了广泛关注。该文对近年来以手性单分子、多糖、环糊精、大环抗生素、冠醚、杯芳烃及生物碱等为手性选择剂制备的新型键合型CSPs进行了归纳整理,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Novel cinchona alkaloid carbamate C9-dimers as chiral anion-exchange type selectors for high-performance liquid chromatography

Nine new quinine (QN) carbamate C9-dimers (QN-X-QN), with different aliphatic and cyclic spacers (X), have been synthesized and immobilized onto porous silica gel for HPLC. The chiral discriminating behavior of these "dimeric" anion-exchange type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) has been investigated in detail, to elucidate the role of the presence of a second QN subunit on the chiral selector (SO), as well as the influence of the structure and length of the spacer, on the overall chiral recognition of a set of N-derivatized amino acids and other acidic drugs. The bulkiness of the intermediate spacer tuned the chiral recognition abilities of these SOs, with the 1,3-adamantylen-derived CSP being the one that led to the best separations. Shorter spacers reduced the chiral discrimination abilities of the "dimeric" selectors, with the n-hexylen bridge being the most favorable distance to allow a nearly independent interaction of the two QN subunits with the racemic analytes. The comparison to five "monomeric" CSPs showed that the "dimeric" ones usually retain the chiral analytes more strongly, though the enantioseparation is not improved. Nevertheless, the exceptional resolution abilities of dimeric SOs with a trans- 1,2-diaminocyclohexylen-bridge for the separation of DNP-derivatives of amino acids and certain acidic drugs of therapeutical interest (e.g., profens) seemed to be superior to most of the other CSPs.     

Comparative Enantioseparation of Seven Amino Alcohols on Teicoplanin‐Based Chiral Stationary Phases

Abstract

The macrocyclic antibiotics represent a relatively new class of chiral selectors in separation science and teicoplanin‐based chiral stationary phases (CSP) have been used successfully in a number of applications in high‐performance liquid chromatography. In the present studies, we self‐prepared two bonded CSPs–teicoplanin (TE) and teicoplanin phenyl isocyanate (TE‐Phe). Seven amino alcohols, propranolol, bisoprolol fumarate, atenolol, salbutamol, isoproterenol, metoprolol, and labetalol were enantioseparated on both self‐made CSPs using methanol as mobile phase and acetic acid (HOAc) and triethylamine (TEA) as mobile phase additives. On both CSPs, the different enantioseparation behavior of analytes with different structure was compared. The influence of the concentration of mobile phase additives (HOAc and TEA) on the enantioseparation was investigated. In all conditions, the retention factors (k′) of seven analytes on TE‐Phe CSP were larger than that on TE CSP. However, the separation factors (α) and resolutions (Rs) on TE‐Phe CSP were smaller than that on TE CSP. The results indicated that the derivatized TE‐Phe CSP is not efficient as original teicoplanin CSP. Our observations also suggested that, for teicoplanin‐based CSPs, π‐π interactions and dipole‐dipole between solutes and CSPs mainly contribute to the retention of solutes on CSPs while hydrogen bonding and steric interactions play important roles in the chiral recognition for teicoplanin‐based CSPs.     

Effect of the presence of a free hydroxyl group on the enantiodiscrimination properties of cholic acid based CSPs bearing 2-naphthylcarbamate and 3,5-dinitrophenylcarbamate moieties in the HPLC resolution of racemic compounds

Two new chiral selectors, obtained by derivatizing two of the three hydroxyl groups of cholic acid with 2-naphthylisocyanate and 3,5-dinitrophenylisocyanate, have been prepared and linked to silica gel to obtain chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the HPLC separation of enantiomers. The enantiodiscriminating capability of the two CSPs has been compared to that of the analogous CSP obtained from an exhaustively derivatized cholic acid based selector, in order to establish the effect of the presence of a free hydroxyl group on the enantiodiscrimination properties of this kind of selector. The chromatographic results demonstrate that the enantioselectivity of these selectors strongly depends on the position of the hydroxyl group on the cholestanic backbone.     

Apparent and true enantioselectivity of single- and binary-selector chiral stationary phases in gas chromatography

Almost all gas-chromatographic chiral stationary phases (CSPs) are complex systems containing one or more chiral selector(s) dissolved in, or bonded to, an achiral solvent such as squalane or poly(dimethylsiloxane). The presence of different components in the total CSP, interacting independently with the analyte enantiomers, impairs the elucidation of enantiorecognition mechanisms and complicates the optimization of enantioseparations. In the present work a quantitative analysis of the influence of different factors on the observed enantioselectivity is performed. The parameters varied in this study were the composition of the CSP, the concentration and the enantiomeric excess of the chiral selector(s) and the presence of achiral selectors (including racemic compositions). Special attention is given to the determination of distribution and association constants, as well as apparent and true enantioseparation factors.