水对无定形SiO2拉伸特性影响的反应分子动力学模拟

潮湿对SiO₂的强度有重要影响. 采用反应场分子动力学模拟方法,研究液态水对无定形SiO₂ （a-SiO₂）准静态拉伸特性的影响. 准静态拉伸模拟的结果表明,在干燥条件下,a-SiO₂的拉伸强度为9.4 GPa,而在含液态水时则下降为4.7 GPa,表明液态水使得a-SiO₂拉伸强度发生显著下降. 根据应力-应变曲线分析可知,干燥条件下a-SiO₂结构的刚度随着拉伸应变的增加保持稳定,而含液态水的a-SiO₂刚度随着拉伸应变的增加而逐步降低,并且应变为16%–20%时的应力-应变曲线类似于金属的屈服现象. 通过对拉伸过程的原子图像分析可知,含液态水a-SiO₂的拉伸过程并没有发生塑性变形,而是因为应力增大加速了水解反应,使得应力-应变曲线表现出上述塑性现象. 关键词： 2')" href="#">无定形SiO₂ 机械强度 水 分子动力学模拟     

密度泛函理论计算内掺氢分子富勒烯H2＠C60及其二聚体的几何结构和电子结构

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(generalized gradient approximation,简称GGA),对内掺氢分子富勒烯H₂＠C₆₀及其二聚体的几何结构和电子结构进行了计算研究.发现无论是在H₂＠C₆₀单体,还是在其二聚体中,氢倾向以分子形式存在于碳笼中心处,且在室温下氢分子可以做自由旋转.电子结构分析表明,氢分子掺入到C₆₀和C₁₂₀中,仅对距离费米能级以下-8eV至-5eV能级处有一定的贡献,其他能级的分布和能隙几乎没有变化. 关键词： 几何结构 电子结构 密度泛函     

Al掺杂对合金Mg1-xTix及其氢化物稳定性的影响

用密度泛函理论,研究了Al对合金Mg_1-xTi_x及其氢化物稳定性和电子结构的影响. 通过计算不同掺杂浓度的Mg-Ti-Al合金的形成焓,发现当Al和Ti的浓度之比为1:1时, 合金结构最稳定,有利于氢的可逆吸收;而掺杂体系的氢化物稳定性降低, 可提高放氢性能.通过对态密度,电子密度和键长的分析, 表明Al改善Mg-Ti系统的放氢性能的原因是掺杂后减少了低能级区成键态的电子以及减弱了Mg-H, Ti-H原子间的相互作用. 关键词： 1-xTi_xH₂储氢材料')" href="#">Mg_1-xTi_xH₂储氢材料 赝势平面波 电子结构 稳定性     

α-Mg3Sb2的电子结构和力学性能

运用第一性原理研究了Mg-Sb合金中典型沉淀相α-Mg₃Sb₂的几何、电子结构和力学性能.结构优化得到的晶格常数和形成能与实验值符合很好.电子结构分析表明,具有半导体性质的α-Mg₃Sb₂带隙为0.303 eV,是间接带隙半导体.通过计算得到了α-Mg₃Sb₂的弹性常数,进而得到模量、泊松比等力学参数,对力学参数进行分析发现,α-Mg₃Sb₂有很好的延展性而塑性相对较差.通过对α-Mg₃Sb₂施加应变前后态密度的变化分析,发现对于六角结构的α-Mg₃Sb₂,与剪切模量相关的C₁₁+C₁₂,C₃₃/2和与体模量相关的C₁₁+C₁₂+2C₁₃+C₃₃/2对体积变化不保守,而（C₁₁-C₁₂）/4和C₄₄对体积变化保守. 关键词： 3Sb₂')" href="#">α-Mg₃Sb₂ 第一性原理 电子结构 力学性能     

四元硫化物Cu2Zn(Ti,Zr, Hf)S4:一类新颖光伏材料

采用第一性原理电子结构方法研究了四价过渡金属Ti, Zr和Hf替代Cu₂ZnSnS₄(CZTS)中Sn原子以及Se替代S原子所得到的四元硫族化合物的电子结构、光学性质和晶体结构的稳定性. 实验上用Se替代CZTS中部分S得到的Cu₂ZnSnS_4-xSe_x(CZTSSe)作为光吸收材料, 可以进一步提高光伏效率. 我们计算表明用Se替代S后, CZTSe的价带顶明显下移, 并接近Cu(In, Ga) Se₂ (CIGS)价带顶位置. 与CZTSe的电子结构特征一样, Cu₂Zn(Ti, Zr, Hf)S₄四元硫化物的价带顶与母体材料CZTS相比也向低能移动, 并接近CIGS价带顶位置. 由于高光伏效率要求窗口材料ZnO、缓冲层材料和光吸收材料的价带顶和带隙满足一定的渐进的变化关系, 因此可以预见用Cu₂Zn(Ti, Zr, Hf)S₄作光吸收材料可以有效地提高甚至接近CIGS的光伏效率. 通过计算弹性常数和声子谱, 以及有限温度下第一性原理分子动力学模拟, 发现Cu₂Zn(Ti, Zr, Hf)S₄的结构稳定性与CZTS相近. 进一步计算Cu₂Zn(Ti, Zr, Hf)S₄与不同缓冲层间和窗口材料与缓冲层间的反射系数, 并讨论了ZnSe, In₂S₃, ZnS作为缓冲层材料和TiO₂作为窗口材料对光伏效率可能的影响.     

双轴应变调控二维单层C2X2TM（X = O, H; TM=Fe, Cr） 的多铁性研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,系统地研究了过渡金属原子插层的单层氧化/氢化石墨烯的磁学性质和铁电性质.在考虑了电子在位库仑作用和自旋轨道耦合作用下,得到了过渡金属Fe、Cr插层形成的C₂X₂TM二维单层膜的稳定结构以及基态磁性结构,研究了不同应变作用下C₂X₂TM的磁性、能带、铁电极化以及电子结构的变化.结果发现,对于任何应变下的C₂X₂TM其基态磁性都为手性逆时针反铁磁结构.在无应变时体系存在一个较大的离子翻转势垒,通过外加双轴应变,可有效调控体系的势垒高度和能隙,发现25%应变下C₂O₂Cr和30%应变时C₂O₂Fe单层薄膜具有与GeS等二维铁电材料相近的铁电极化和翻转势垒,这些研究结果表明C₂O₂Fe(Cr)单层薄膜是一种新型二维多铁性材料.     

Li修饰的C24团簇的储氢性能

利用密度泛函理论研究了Li原子修饰的C₂₄团簇的储氢性能. Li原子在C₂₄团簇表面的最佳结合位是五元环. Li原子与C₂₄团簇之间的作用强于Li原子之间的相互作用, 能阻止它们在团簇表面发生聚集. 当Li原子结合到C₂₄表面时, 它们向C原子转移电子后带正电荷. 当氢分子接近这些Li原子时, 在电场作用下发生极化, 通过静电相互作用吸附在Li原子周围. 在Li修饰的C₂₄复合物中, 每个Li原子能吸附两到三个氢分子, 平均吸附能处于0.08到0.13 eV/H₂范围内. C₂₄Li₆能吸附12个氢分子, 储氢密度达到6.8 wt%.     

碳硼富勒烯衍生物C18B2M(M=Li,Ti, Fe)的储氢性能计算研究

本文使用密度泛函理论(density functional theory, DFT)中的广义梯度近似(generalized gradient approximation, GGA)研究了经碱金属原子Li、过渡金属原子Ti和Fe原子修饰的富勒烯C₁₈B₂M(M=Li, Ti, Fe)的储氢性能. 研究发现, C₁₈B₂由于B的替代掺杂, 比C₂₀对金属原子具有更高的结合能. 由平均吸附能分析可知: C₁₈B₂Li对H₂的吸附能力较弱, C₁₈B₂Fe对H₂的吸附能力过强, 而C₁₈B₂Ti对H₂的平均吸附能介于0.45-0.59 eV 之间, 介于物理吸附和化学吸附之间 (0.2-0.6 eV), 因此可以实现常温下的可逆储氢. C₁₈B₂M(M=Li, Ti, Fe)能够吸附的H₂数目最多分别为4, 6和4. 由储氢机理分析可知: C₁₈B₂Li主要通过碱金属离子激发的静电场来吸附H₂, 而C₁₈B₂Ti和C₁₈B₂Fe主要通过金属原子与H₂之间的Kubas作用来吸附H₂. 由于C₁₈B₂Ti既有较大的储氢数目, 又可以实现可逆储氢, 因此有望开发成新型纳米储氢材料.     

富勒烯C20分子器件的电子结构和传导特性

运用基于密度泛函理论和基于非平衡格林函数的第一性原理方法研究了富勒烯C₂₀分子及连接电极构成的C₂₀分子器件的电子结构及电子输运性质.构建了三个基于C₂₀分子的嵌入K和Si原子的电子输运系统,并得到了电子透射谱和分子轨道分布.分析了三种器件的电子结构和输运性质的产生原因,说明C₂₀分子器件的电子传导主要集中在外壳.在C₂₀分子空笼中嵌入K和Si原子后,其电子输运仍然主要集中于富勒烯C₂₀的外壳. 关键词： 20分子')" href="#">富勒烯C₂₀分子 电子结构 电子传导     

压力对有机半导体均苯四甲酸晶体结构转变和电子性质的影响

研究高压条件下均苯四甲酸(C₁₀H₆O₈)材料的结构和性质对探索有机半导体材料的应用有积极意义.基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法,开展了0-300 GPa压强下C₁₀H₆O₈晶体的结构、电子和光学性质的研究.晶格常数在压强20 GPa和150 GPa下出现了明显跳变,且原子之间随着压强变化反复地出现成键/断键现象,表明压强可诱导晶体结构变化.电子结构的性质表明,0 GPa的C₁₀H₆O₈晶体是带隙为3.1 eV的直接带隙半导体,而压强增加到150 GPa时,带隙突变为0 eV,表明了晶体由半导体转变为导体.当压强为160 GPa时,晶体又变成了能隙约为1eV的间接带隙半导体,这可能是费米能级附近仅受O-2p轨道电子影响所导致.通过对C₁₀H₆O₈晶体介电函数的分析,再次验证了晶体在150 GPa时发生了结构相变.同时...     

C_9N_4 as excellent dual electrocatalyst: A first principles study

We perform first principles calculations to investigate the catalytic behavior of C_9 N_4 nanosheet for water splitting.For the pristine C_9 N_4,we find that,at different hydrogen coverages,two H atoms adsorbed on the 12-membered ring and one H atom adsorbed on the 9-membered ring show excellent performance of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Tensile strain could improve the catalytic ability of C_9 N_4 and strain can be practically introduced by building C_9 N_4/BiN,and C_9 N_4/GaAs heterojunctions.We demonstrate that the HER performance of heterojunctions is indeed improved compared with that of C_9 N_4 nanosheet.Anchoring transition metal atoms on C_9 N_4 is another strategy to apply strain.It shows that Rh@C_9 N_4 exhibits superior HER property with very low Gibbs free energy change of-30 meV.Under tensile strain within ～2%,Rh@C_9 N_4 could catalyze HER readily.Moreover,the catalyst Rh_9 C_9 N_4 works well for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)with an overpotential of 0.58 V.Our results suggest that Rh@C_9 N_4 is favorable for both HER and OER because of its metallic conductivity,close-zero Gibbs free energy change,and low oneset overpotential.The outstanding performance of C_9 N_4 nanosheet could be attributed to the tunable porous structure and electronic structure compatibility.     

钴原子插层增强磷烯纳米片析氢反应活性

本文基于第一性原理计算,证明了钴插层磷烯的析氢催化活性可以显著增强.钴插层磷烯具有金属特性,电荷从钴原子向磷烯转移,增强了磷烯的催化活性.钴插层磷烯表面的氢吸附吉布斯自由能与铂(111)表面相当,与氢覆盖度无关.研究结果表明钴原子插层提供了一种有效的方法来增强磷烯的析氢反应催化活性.     

电化学析氢反应中单层MoSe2氢吸附机理第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,本文计算了单层2H相MoSe₂纳米材料表面及两种边缘（Mo原子边缘、Se原子边缘）不同活性位点、不同氢原子吸附率下的氢吸附吉布斯自由能（Gibbs free energy,用△G_H⁰表示）,并且将对应的微观结构进行了系统分析比较,得出△G_H⁰最接近于0 eV的吸附位点及相应的吸附率.同时,结合差分电荷密度和电负性理论,分析了单层MoSe₂两种边缘氢吸附的电荷转移及成键特性,进一步解释了不同吸附位点呈现的结构与能量趋势.最后,通过基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理分子动力学模拟,研究了高温热运动对两种边缘氢吸附的影响,获得了氢原子发生脱附的临界温度及对应的微观动态过程.该理论研究从原子尺度揭示了单层2H相MoSe₂纳米材料边缘不同位点在不同温度下对氢原子吸附和脱附的微观机理,证实了Mo原子边缘的畸变和重构行为,加深了对实验中单层2H相MoSe₂边缘在不同温度下氢吸附机理的理解,为实验中通过控制MoSe₂边缘设计廉价高效的析氢催化剂提供理论参考.     

Strain-regulated electronic structure for hydrogen evolution reaction in Fe3S4 monolayer

Electrochemical water splitting to generate hydrogen could be an important part of future renewable energy, but faces challenge due to the scarcity of effective earth-abundant electrocatalysts and insufficient understanding of catalytic mechanism. Herein, we predicated strain-induced changes in electronic structure and catalytic performance of low-cost two-dimensional Fe₃S₄ material. The calculations disclose that the half-metallic feature evolves into metallicity under applied external strain, which makes Gibbs adsorption free energy of hydrogen close to zero. Different from traditional doping and defecting strategies, this work demonstrates that excellent catalytic activity for water splitting can be achieved by inducing a small lattice deformation in Fe₃S₄ monolayer. Our findings provide new inspirations for the steering of electronic structure and designing of new-type catalysts.     

Biaxial strain-induced enhancement in the thermoelectric performance of monolayer WSe_2

The effects of biaxial strain on the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of monolayer WSe_2 have been investigated by using first-principles calculations and the semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. The electronic band gap decreases under strain, and the band structure near the Fermi level of monolayer WSe_2 is modified by the applied biaxial strain. Furthermore, the doping dependence of the thermoelectric properties of n-and p-doped monolayer WSe_2 under biaxial strain is estimated. The obtained results show that the power factor of n-doped monolayer WSe_2 can be increased by compressive strain while that of p-doping can be increased with tensile strain. Strain engineering thus provides a direct method to control the electronic and thermoelectric properties in these two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides materials.     

A DFT study of Ti3C2O2 MXenes quantum dots supported on single layer graphene: Electronic structure and hydrogen evolution performance

Heterojunction structure has been extensively employed for the design of novel catalysts. In the present study, density functional theory was utilized to investigate the electronic structure and hydrogen evolution performance of Ti₃C₂O₂ MXene quantum dots/graphene (QDs/G) heterostructure. Results show that a slight distortion can be observed in graphene after hybriding with QDs, due to which the electronic structure of QDs have been changed. Associated with such QDs-graphene interaction, the catalytic activity of Ti₃C₂O₂ QDs has been optimized, leading to excellent HER catalytic performance.     

Theoretical study of M6X2 and M6XX' structure (M = Au,Ag; X,X' = S,Se): Electronic and optical properties,ability of photocatalytic water splitting,and tunable properties under biaxial strain

MoS$_{2}$, a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC), has attracted significant amount of attention due to its direct bandgap, tunability and optical properties. Recently, a novel structure consisting of MoS$_{2}$ and noble metal nanoclusters has been reported. Inspired by this, first principle calculations are implemented to predict the structures of $M_{6}X_{2}$ and $M_{6}XX'$ ($M= {\rm Au}$, Ag; $X$, $X' ={\rm S}$, Se). The calculated bandgap, band edge position, and optical absorption of these structures prove that the silver compounds (Ag$_{6}X_{2 }$ and Ag$_{6}XX'$) have great potential for catalytic water splitting. In addition, biaxial strain (tensile strain and compressive strain) is applied to adjust the properties of these materials. The bandgap presents a quasi-linear trend with the increase of the applied strain. Moreover, the transition between the direct and indirect bandgap is found. The outstanding electronic and optical properties of these materials provide strong evidence for their application in microelectronic devices, photoelectric devices, and photocatalytic materials.     

Prediction of structured void-containing 1T-PtTe_2 monolayer with potential catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction

Two-dimensional(2D) transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs) have attracted considerable attention because of their unique properties and great potential in nano-technology applications. Great efforts have been devoted to fabrication of novel structured TMD monolayers by modifying their pristine structures at the atomic level. Here we propose an intriguing structured 1 T-PtTe_2 monolayer as hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) catalyst, namely, Pt_4Te_7, using first-principles calculations. It is found that Pt_4Te_7 is a stable monolayer material verified by the calculation of formation energy, phonon dispersion, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Remarkably, the novel structured void-containing monolayer exhibits superior catalytic activity toward HER compared with the pristine one, with a Gibbs free energy very close to zero(less than 0.07 eV). These features indicate that Pt_4Te_7 monolayer is a high-performance HER catalyst with a high platinum utilization. These findings open new perspectives for the functionalization of 2D TMD materials at an atomic level and its application in HER catalysis.     

Strain and interfacial engineering to accelerate hydrogen evolution reaction of two-dimensional phosphorus carbide

Hydrogen,regarded as a promising energy carrier to alleviate the current energy crisis,can be generated from hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),whereas its efficiency is impeded by the activity of catalysts.Herein,effective strategies,such as strain and interfacial engineering,are imposed to tune the catalysis performance of novel two-dimensional(2D)phosphorus carbide(PC)layers using first-principle calculations.The findings show that P site in pristine monolayer PC(ML-PC)exhibits higher HER performance than C site.Intriguingly,constructing bilayer PC sheet(BL-PC)can change the coordinate configuration of P atom to form 3-coordination-P atom(3-co-P)and 4-coordination-P atom(4-co-P),and the original activity of 3-co-P site is higher than the 4-co-P site.When an external compressive strain is applied,the activity of the 4-co-P site is enhanced whereas the external strain can barely affect that of 3-co-P site.Interestingly,the graphene substrate enhances the overall activity of the BL-PC because the graphene substrate optimizes the?GH*value of 4-co-P site,although it can barely affect the HER activity of 3-co-P site and ML-PC.The desirable properties render 2 D PC-based material promising candidates for HER catalysts and shed light on the wide utilization in electrocatalysis.     

Mechanical Properties and Electronic Structure of N and Ta Doped TiC: A First-Principles Study

The first principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) are employed to investigate the mechanical properties and electronic structure of N and Ta doped TiC. The result shows that the co-doping of nitrogen and tantalum dilates the lattice constant and improves the stability of TiC. Nitrogen and tantalum can significantly enhance the elastic constants and elastic moduli of TiC. The results of B/G and C₁₂-C₄₄ indicate tantalum can markedly increase the ductility of TiC. The electronic structure is calculated to describe the bonding characteristic, which revealed the strong hybridization between C-p and Ta-d and between N-p and Ti-d. The hardnessis is estimated by a semi-empirical model that is based on the Mulliken overlap population and bond length. While the weakest bond takes determinative role of the hardness of materials, the addition of Ta sharply reduces the hardness of TiC.