高效液相色谱法测定酿酒酵母中S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces Ceverisiae,SC)发酵样品中S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸(SAM)的测定方法进行研究。流动相为甲醇∶40 mmoL/LNH4H2PO4-8 mmoL/L 1-庚烷磺酸钠=20∶80(V/V),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,用外标法进行定量。方法的相对标准偏差和平均回收率分别为0.82%和98.22%。该方法简便有效,适用于SAM系列产品生产中的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱紫外检测法同时测定小鼠红细胞中S-腺苷甲硫氨酸和S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸

建立了高效液相色谱紫外检测同时测定红细胞中S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)和S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸(SAH)的方法。采用ZORBA×Eclipse×DB-C8色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以含3 mmol/L庚烷磺酸钠的40 mmol/L磷酸钠缓冲溶液(pH 3.72)-甲醇(95∶5,V/V)为流动相,流速0.9 mL/min,柱温35℃,紫外检测波长设置:0～8.00 min,450 nm;8.01～16.00 min,260 nm。SAH与SAM的线性范围分别为0.25～3.0 mg/L和0.50～10 mg/L,检出限分别为0.15和0.07 mg/L。方法日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)分别小于6.5%和7.4%,平均回收率为80.9%～116.2%。利用本方法对19例叶酸缺乏孕小鼠和11例健康对照孕小鼠红细胞进行测定。结果表明:叶酸缺乏组SAH明显高于健康对照组,而SAM两组间无显著差异。     

高效液相色谱法检测大豆1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸合酶活性的研究

建立了大豆1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸合酶高效液相色谱法活性分析体系。利用KromasilC18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)反相色谱柱,以260nm为探测波长,以甲醇和1%醋酸水溶液梯度溶液为流动相,流速梯度为初始0.25mL/min,7min降至0.15mL/min,15min升至0.5mL/min,确定了S-腺苷蛋氨酸(SAM)、腺嘌呤和腺苷标准品的出峰时间分别为25,12和16min。从大豆黄化幼苗下胚轴中提取ACC合酶,与等体积S-腺苷蛋氨酸标准品在30℃恒温水浴中作用1h,利用高效液相色谱体系检测到的产物峰与腺嘌呤标准品一致,经电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)确定,产物峰中含有m/z为136.1的腺嘌呤准分子离子峰(M H) 。     

急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿红细胞中硫嘌呤甲基转移酶活性的HPLC分析

建立了急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿血液中红细胞中的硫嘌呤甲基转移酶活性(TPMT)的HPLC测定法。采用反相高效液相色谱法直接测定酶促反应的产物浓度,从而计算红细胞中TPMT的活性。以S-腺苷-L-甲硫氨酸(SAM)作为甲基供给体,6-硫鸟嘌呤(6-TG)作为酶反应底物,TPMT催化6-TG生成2-氨基-6-甲基巯基嘌呤(6-MTG),采用HClO4溶液终止反应及沉淀蛋白,分离上清液进行色谱分析。色谱柱为AichromBond-1 C18柱(5μm,4.6mm i.d.×150mm);等梯度洗脱,流动相为V(乙腈)∶V(0.01mol/L磷酸钾缓冲溶液)=6∶94(用HCl调pH2.74),荧光检测器检测,激发波长为310nm,发射波长为390nm。结果表明,6-MTG在0~250μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9999,检出限为0.093μg/L(S/N=3),回收率为81.4%~106.3%。方法能用地巯基嘌呤类药物药代研究和临床用药监测常规分析。     

S,S-氰戊菊酯间接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析方法研究

合成了S,S-氰戊菊酯的半抗原S-2-(4-氯苯基)-3-甲基丁酸-α-S-(N-丁酸基)-甲酰氨-(3-苯氧基)苄酯(Efvb).半抗原通过混合酸酐法与卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联作为包被抗原,活泼酯法与牛血清蛋白(BSA)偶联作为免疫抗原.用免疫抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,得到抗S,S-氰戊菊酯多克隆抗体.通过异源分析及检测条件优化,确立了间接竞争酶联免疫分析方法的最佳检测条件为pH 7.4,0.4 mol/L Na+、40％甲醇-PBS溶液,建立了S,S-氰戊菊酯酶联免疫分析方法.方法的抑制中浓度(IC50)值为(3.16±0.01)mg/L;检出限(IC10)为(0.0053±0.0012) mg/L.对甲氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯及其代谢物戊菊酸没有明显交叉反应.在自来水、河水和土壤样品中添加S,S-氰戊菊酯,其回收率分别为82.3％～108.2％,83.1％～109.2％和72.0％～91.2％.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血清中叶酸代谢物

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)定量检测人体内叶酸6种主要代谢产物的方法。采用BEH C18色谱柱(2.1×50 mm,1.7μm),以甲酸-乙腈为流动相,流速为0.4 m L/min,进样体积5μL,梯度洗脱法进行分离,电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应检测(MRM)方式检测,外标法定量。6种叶酸代谢产物检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为0.05~0.20 ng/m L和0.15~0.50 ng/m L,6种代谢产物(叶酸、5-甲基四氢叶酸(5-Me THF)、5-甲酰四氢叶酸(5-Fo THF)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)和S-腺苷高半胱氨酸(SAH))分别在一定范围内呈线性相关,相关系数R2≥0.998;在血清样品中加标回收率为90.1%~105.3%,日内和日间RSD均小于6%。     

S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸在弱酸树脂D113上的离子交换动力学研究

考察了S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸在弱酸树脂D113上的离子交换动力学.根据扩散控制模型,利用Fick定律关联计算得到有效内扩散系数D(数量级约为10-8cm2/s～10-9cm2/s)以及两相分配因子K,两者受浓度影响较大;进一步实验表明,较低的进样速度和较高的样品浓度利于提高分离得率和效率,是影响其分离的关键因素.     

索非布韦核苷中间体异构体的合成

以S-甘油醛缩丙酮为原料,经Wittig反应、高锰酸钾氧化、磺酰化、氟化、水解、内酯化得索非布韦关键中间体的异构体 (3R,4R,5S)-3-氟-4-羟基-5-(羟基甲基)-3-甲基四氢呋喃-2-酮,优化反应条件：n(磺酰氯)/n(化合物3)=1.6/1.0,温度为-10℃,反应2 h;氟化试剂为TEAF(四乙基氟化铵),温度为100 ℃,反应3 h,制得5S-核苷的总收率为14.21%,化学纯度97.5%,ee值98.4%;经¹HNMR, MS(ESI)和IR表征。     

高效液相色谱法测定人体红细胞中儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶的活性

 采用高效液相色谱紫外检测法测定人体红细胞中儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶 (COMT)的活性。以 3,4 二羟基苯甲酸 (DBA)作为酶反应底物 ,S 腺苷甲硫氨酸 (SAM)作为甲基供体 ,在镁离子的存在下 ,将SAM上的甲基转移到DBA 3位的氧上。色谱法测定反应产物 4 羟基 3 甲氧基苯甲酸 (4 OH 3 MBA)的生成量。人体红细胞中COMT活性的线性范围在 1U/mL～ 6 0U/mL ,最低检测限为 0 5U/mL(S/N≥ 5 ) ,方法的精密度良好 (平均RSD <10 % )。     

SET区域Rubisco赖氨酸甲基化转移酶催化赖氨酸多重甲基化的量子力学研究

用从头计算和DFT方法计算S-腺苷甲锍氨酸多重甲基化赖氨酸的反应机理. 气相中非催化反应的能垒比较低, 反应势能剖面类似于SN2反应, 而在电介质中, 反应能垒很高. 在B3LYP/6-31G*和ONIOM (MP2: B3LYP)水平, 研究了Rubisco大亚基甲基转移酶活性位点的三个残基催化转移甲基到赖氨酸反应的过程. 在ONIOM (MP2: B3LYP)水平, 预测的反应能垒为82.8 kJ/mol, 与从实验得到的87.4 kJ/mol接近. 计算结果表明, 酶对过渡态并没有特殊的稳定作用, 主要通过为反应物提供一个没有溶剂的环境, 用临近的残基把亲电和亲核的底物连接在一起, 进而促使甲基化反应的进行.     

Determinants of cofactor binding to DNA methyltransferases: insights from a systematic series of structural variants of S-adenosylhomocysteine

S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) is a commonly used cofactor, second only to ATP in the variety of reactions in which it participates. It is the methyl donor in the majority of methyl transfer reactions, including methylation of DNA, RNA, proteins and small molecules. Almost all structurally characterised methyltransferases share a conserved AdoMet-dependent methyltransferase fold, in which AdoMet is bound in the same orientation. Although potential interactions between the cofactor and methyltransferases have been inferred from crystal structures, there has not been a systematic study of the contributions of each functional group to binding. To explore the binding interaction we synthesised a series of seven analogues of the methyltransferase inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), each containing a single modification, and tested them for the ability to inhibit methylation by HhaI and HaeIII DNA methyltransferase. Comparison of the Ki values highlights the structural determinants for cofactor binding, and indicates which nucleoside and amino acid functional groups contribute significantly to AdoMet binding. An understanding of the binding of AdoHyc to methyltransferases will greatly assist the design of AdoMet inhibitors.     

A new high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous measurement of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine. Concentrations in pig tissues after inactivation of methionine synthase by nitrous oxide

A rapid gradient method has been established to measure simultaneously the tissue levels of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). The method involves application of a 15%-25% linear gradient of methanol over a period of 10 min to an initial mobile phase of 15% methanol with 25 mM sodium phosphate, 10 mM 1-heptanesulfonic acid solution at pH 3.2 and a flow rate of 1 mL/min. AdoHcy elutes at 9.5 min and AdoMet at 12.6 min. The assay has a detection limit of 10 pmol and is linear in the concentration range 30-800 pmol. The method was used to assess changes in AdoMet and AdoHcy concentrations of pig tissues after seven days exposure to the anaesthetic gas nitrous oxide which irreversibly inactivates methionine synthase and induces an inability to recycle homocysteine, particularly in neural tissues. The treatment caused significant alterations in cellular AdoMet:AdoHcy ratios which were principally due to a dramatic rise in AdoHcy concentrations.     

A fluorescence-based supramolecular tandem assay for monitoring lysine methyltransferase activity in homogeneous solution

The demand for practical and convenient enzyme assays for histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) emerges along with the rapid development of this young class of enzymes. A supramolecular reporter pair composed of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (CX4) and the fluorescent dye lucigenin (LCG) has been used to monitor enzymatic trimethylation of lysine residues in peptide substrates. The assay affords a switch-ON fluorescence response and operates in a continuous, real-time, and label-free fashion. The underlying working principle relies on the higher affinity of the macrocycle towards the trimethylated product of the enzymatic reaction as compared to the substrate, which allows the assay to be carried out in the product-selective mode. The final product incorporates a trimethylammonium moiety, a known high-affinity binding motif for CX4. Two substrates corresponding to the H3 N-terminal tail, namely, S2 (RTKQTARKSTGGKAP) and S6 (QTARKSTGGS), were selected as model compounds for methylation with the Neurospora crassa Dim-5 enzyme and investigated by the newly developed supramolecular tandem HKMTs assay. Only the longer substrate S2 underwent methylation in solution. The potential of the assay for inhibitor screening was demonstrated by means of inhibition studies with 1,10-phenanthroline to afford an inhibition constant of (70±20)?μM.     

A Fluorescence‐Based Supramolecular Tandem Assay for Monitoring Lysine Methyltransferase Activity in Homogeneous Solution

The demand for practical and convenient enzyme assays for histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) emerges along with the rapid development of this young class of enzymes. A supramolecular reporter pair composed of p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (CX4) and the fluorescent dye lucigenin (LCG) has been used to monitor enzymatic trimethylation of lysine residues in peptide substrates. The assay affords a switch‐ON fluorescence response and operates in a continuous, real‐time, and label‐free fashion. The underlying working principle relies on the higher affinity of the macrocycle towards the trimethylated product of the enzymatic reaction as compared to the substrate, which allows the assay to be carried out in the product‐selective mode. The final product incorporates a trimethylammonium moiety, a known high‐affinity binding motif for CX4. Two substrates corresponding to the H3 N‐terminal tail, namely, S2 (RTKQTA RKSTG GKAP) and S6 (QTA RKSTG GS), were selected as model compounds for methylation with the Neurospora crassa Dim‐5 enzyme and investigated by the newly developed supramolecular tandem HKMTs assay. Only the longer substrate S2 underwent methylation in solution. The potential of the assay for inhibitor screening was demonstrated by means of inhibition studies with 1,10‐phenanthroline to afford an inhibition constant of (70±20) μM .     

Rapid screening for S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation products by enzyme-transferred isotope patterns analysis

We report here an isotopic labeling and mass spectrometric method to rapidly identify S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent methylation products. In the presence of CH(3)- and CD(3)-labeled AdoMet, a methyl transfer product appears as a doublet separated by 3 Da in a mass spectrum, while other compounds show their normal isotopic distribution. Based on this unique isotopic pattern, methylation product(s) can be easily detected even from a mixture of cellular components. To validate our method, the product of human thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT, EC 2.1.1.67) has been successfully identified from both an in vitro assay and a whole-cell assay. This method is generally applicable to AdoMet-dependent transmethylation and other group-transfer reactions, and constitutes the first example of a general strategy of enzyme-transferred isotope patterns (ETIPs) analysis.     

Comparison of Methionine α,γ‐Lyase and Homocysteine α,γ‐Lyase for Electrochemical Determination of Homocysteine

Recently, a novel enzymatic method was developed for determination of homocysteine. This method utilizes the electrochemical hydrogen sulfide sensor along with methionine α,γ‐lyase to accomplish the fast, accurate, sensitive and selective measurements. As a continuation of this work, another enzyme, homocysteine α,γ‐lyase, was used and the parallel experiments of using both enzymes were carried out against the effect of pH, sensitivity, linearity, and interferences, in an intended comparison between these two enzymes. The excellent linearity of amperometric currents against homocysteine concentrations, high sensitivities and low detection limits for both enzymes reconfirmed that the electrochemical method is superior over other analytical means. The high enzymatic activity of methionine α,γ‐lyase surpassing homocysteine α,γ‐lyase endowed the former higher sensitivity, lower detection limit and faster response than the latter, suggesting methionine α,γ‐lyase a better candidate for homocysteine measurement by electrochemical method. The differences between these two enzymes on the trends of response time and sensitivity at different pH environments, reactivity toward several forms of homocysteine as well as on the interference from several agents were also addressed and discussed.     

A molecular model for the active site of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase

Summary S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcy hydrolase, EC 3.3.1.1.), a specific target for antiviral drug design, catalyzes the hydrolysis of AdoHcy to adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine (Hcy) as well as the synthesis of AdoHcy from Ado and Hcy. The enzyme isolated from different sources has been shown to contain tightly bound NAD⁺.Based on the 2.0 Å-resolution X-ray crystal structure of dogfish lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which is functionally homologous to AdoHcy hydrolase, and the primary sequence of rat liver AdoHcy hydrolase, we have derived a molecular model of an extended active site for AdoHcy hydrolase. The computational mutation was performed using the software MUTAR (Yeh et al., University of Kansas, Lawrence), followed by molecular mechanics optimizations using the programs AMBER (Singh et al., University of California, San Francisco) and YETI (Vedani, University of Kansas). Solvation of the model structure was achieved by use of the program SOLVGEN (Jacober, University of Kansas); 56 water molecules were explicitly included in all refinements. Some of these may be involved in the catalytic reaction.We also studied a model of the complex of AdoHcy hydrolase with NAD⁺, as well as the ternary complexes of the redox reaction catalyzed by AdoHcy hydrolase and has been used to differentiate the relative binding strength of inhibitors.     

生物酶HRP催化H~2O~2氧化间苯二胺反应的研究

应用电化学分析,高效液相色谱(HPLC),紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis),红外光谱(IR)和核磁共振(NMR)等技术对辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化H~2O~2氧化间苯二胺(MPD)的反应进行了研究。伏安法和高效液相色谱实验说明,在所选择的酶催化反应条件下,酶催化反应生成一种产物。用化学方法制得了HRP酶催化H~2O~2氧化MPD的产物纯品。经UV-vis,IR和^1HNMR谱鉴定,产物为2,7-二氨基吩嗪。写出了酶催化反应过程,同时对酶催化反应产物的电极还原过程也进行了研究。     

Synthesis of 5'-methylenearisteromycin and its 2-fluoro derivative with potent antimalarial activity due to inhibition of the parasite S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

5'-methylenearisteromycin 5 and its 2-fluoro derivative 6, which were designed as antimalarial agents because of their AdoHcy hydrolase inhibition, were synthesized from D-ribose, using a stereoselective intramolecular radical cyclization as the key step to construct the carbocyclic structure. These compounds were evaluated as AdoHcy hydrolase inhibitors with the recombinant human and malarial parasite enzymes. Although 5 and 6 were both potent inhibitors of the malarial parasite AdoHcy hydrolase, the 2-fluoro derivative 6 proved to be superior due to its lower inhibitory effect on the human enzyme. In addition, 6 was identified as a potent antimalarial agent using an in vitro assay system with Plasmodium falciparum.     

Se-Adenosyl-l-selenomethionine Cofactor Analogue as a Reporter of Protein Methylation

Posttranslational methylation by S-adenosyl-l-methionine(SAM)-dependent methyltransferases plays essential roles in modulating protein function in both normal and disease states. As such, there is a growing need to develop chemical reporters to examine the physiological and pathological roles of protein methyltransferases. Several sterically bulky SAM analogues have previously been used to label substrates of specific protein methyltransferases. However, broad application of these compounds has been limited by their general incompatibility with native enzymes. Here we report a SAM surrogate, ProSeAM (propargylic Se-adenosyl-l-selenomethionine), as a reporter of methyltransferases. ProSeAM can be processed by multiple protein methyltransferases for substrate labeling. In contrast, sulfur-based propargylic SAM undergoes rapid decomposition at physiological pH, likely via an allene intermediate. In conjunction with fluorescent/affinity-based azide probes, copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry, in-gel fluorescence visualization and proteomic analysis, we further demonstrated ProSeAM's utility to profile substrates of endogenous methyltransferases in diverse cellular contexts. These results thus feature ProSeAM as a convenient probe to study the activities of endogenous protein methyltransferases.