分子动力学方法研究钛中预存缺陷对氦融合的影响

采用分子动力学方法模拟了在有预存氦空位复合物的体系中氦的迁移和融合,研究了氦融合的各向异性以及氦空位比和氦空位簇大小对氦融合的影响.研究发现:氦迁移的各向异性与体系中是否有氦空位簇无关;氦与氦空位簇的融合主要沿[001]方向;氦二聚物与氦空位簇的融合远快于单个氦原子与氦空位簇的融合.     

高应变率拉伸下纯铝中氦泡长大的动力学研究

 分析了高应变率加载下纯铝中氦泡长大的动力学过程，给出了含内压氦泡长大的动力学方程，并且分别研究了氦泡内压、基体材料惯性、粘性、表面张力以及基体环境温度对初始半径为1 nm氦泡长大的影响。研究结果表明：（1）初始内压可以促使氦泡快速长大，当氦泡直径超过1 μm时，内压对氦泡长大的影响可以忽略不计。（2）表面张力在氦泡整个长大过程中的影响都很小。（3）材料惯性对氦泡长大起抑制作用，并且随着氦泡半径的增长，抑制效应越来越明显。（4）在所有因素中，温度对氦泡长大的影响最为明显，温度升高，材料的粘性降低，氦泡的内压增加，促使氦泡加速长大。     

氦对钛的体胀及稳定性影响的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学(molecular dynamics,MD)方法研究了不同压力下氦-空位复合物的大小、氦含量对材料肿胀、稳定性的影响. 分析了影响材料体积改变及稳定性因素：随着氦含量的增加,体系内聚能减小,系统体积膨胀,稳定性降低;当氦-空位复合物较小时,随着氦-空位复合物的增大,体系内聚能增加,系统体胀减小,体系趋于稳定. 当氦泡中氦原子达到一定数量时氦泡不再继续长大. 关键词： 体胀 氦-空位复合物 钛 分子动力学     

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采用另加偏压的单阴极弧氦放电直线等离子体装置对氦等离子体的基本特性进行了研究.对氦轴向输运规律做了描述并与光谱测量数据做了定性地比较.实验结果表明,氦等离子体的电子温度与电子密度均随放电电流、约束磁场的增加而增加.氦原子与氦离子的辐射光谱随放电电流、偏压、磁场的变化规律进行了测量分析,同时氦离子对钨靶积分辐照效应进行了观察.这些结果不但提供了氦等离子体的基本特性,对于研究氦离子与面向等离子材料相互作用导致产生气泡、肿胀、脆化损伤等的评估,特别是对将来伴有(n,α)反应时具有一定的参考价值.     

级联弧放电氦等离子体特性研究

采用另加偏压的单阴极弧氦放电直线等离子体装置对氦等离子体的基本特性进行了研究。对氦轴向输运规律做了描述并与光谱测量数据做了定性地比较。实验结果表明,氦等离子体的电子温度与电子密度均随放电电流、约束磁场的增加而增加。氦原子与氦离子的辐射光谱随放电电流、偏压、磁场的变化规律进行了测量分析,同时氦离子对钨靶积分辐照效应进行了观察。这些结果不但提供了氦等离子体的基本特性,对于研究氦离子与面向等离子材料相互作用导致产生气泡、肿胀、脆化损伤等的评估,特别是对将来伴有(n, α)反应时具有一定的参考价值。     

金属钨中氦行为的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了氦在金属钨中的扩散聚集行为. 首先,建立了氦与钨原子间相互作用势,短程部分采用ZBL势形式,长程部分采用从头算法数据,实现了两者之间的平滑连接. 通过计算氦在钨中不同间隙位的形成能发现,单个氦原子更易存在于金属钨中的四面体间隙位,这与最新的研究成果是一致的. 在400-1200 K的温度范围内,考察了氦原子在金属钨中的扩散行为,获得了扩散迁移能,其值介于实验值和从头算法结果之间. 最后,研究了氦的聚集行为,从能量的角度考察了氦团簇形成初期的生长机理. 研究发现,在氦团簇形成初期,氦团簇对氦的结合能随着氦团簇的生长有逐渐增大的趋势,说明氦团簇吸收氦的能力逐渐增强. 关键词： 氦扩散 氦团簇 辐照损伤 分子动力学模拟     

离子束技术在金属中氦行为研究中的应用

结合我们近期的研究工作，本文介绍和讨论了离子束技术在金属中氦行为研究中的应用，还介绍和讨论了氦在金属中的基本特性，如氦的捕获、迁移和氦泡结构等．     

氦团簇及氦间隙原子在钨中的稳定性研究

首先采用分子动力学方法研究了在钨中预存氦-空位团簇（He_nV₂₂）后氦原子结合能与氦-空位比的关系。研究发现:当氦-空位比小于4.5时,氦原子结合能随氦-空位比呈线性减小趋势;当氦-空位比大于4.5时,氦原子的结合能随氦-空位比出现剧烈振荡的现象,这种现象是由于钨中预存氦-空位团簇随机挤出位错环使体系能量骤降所导致的。与此同时,氦-空位团簇周围出现了一些处于亚稳态的fcc结构和hcp结构的钨。为了研究氦团簇周围压强对钨基体相变的影响,本文利用第一性原理对钨的三种结构进行了高压相变计算,发现静水压力不能使钨的三种结构互相转变。另外,通过对bcc钨和fcc钨中四面体间隙氦原子和八面体间隙氦原子电荷密度差的计算,发现bcc钨中四面体间隙氦原子的稳定性高于八面体间隙氦原子的稳定性,而在fcc钨中四面体间隙氦原子的稳定性弱于八面体间隙氦原子的稳定性。     

金属表面下氦泡融合与释放研究

采用分子动力学方法研究了钛金属表面下不同深度处氦泡的行为,分析了氦泡融合与释放的竞争,对比了不同深度处氦泡的释放对金属的影响.结果表明:在接近金属表面处,氦泡很难通过融合无限长大,当达到临界尺寸后,氦泡将会释放而不再与邻近的氦泡发生融合;植入深度对氦泡的融合有一定的影响,深度越大,越有利于形成具有较高氦密度的大氦泡;较深处氦泡的释放会在金属表面形成较大的突起和表面针孔.实验中观察到的不同尺寸的表面孔,其部分原因来自于金属表面下不同深度处氦泡的释放.     

EAST低温系统已研制氦透平膨胀机测试分析

EAST氦低温系统是EAST( Experimental Advanced Super-conducting Tokamak)先进超导托卡马克实验装置重要子系统之一;4 台氦透平膨胀机又是EAST氦低温系统的核心部件.文中主要对已研制出的1台氦透平膨胀机的结构、调试过程与调试结果等进行一些分析,还给出了氦透平的启动过程...     

3He的低温物理特性及其应用

随着低温技术研究的不断发展和日益深入 ,3He已经作为一种有潜力的工质在科学研究中得到应用。采用 3He作制冷工质 ,可获得比 4 He更低的制冷温度和更大的制冷量。文中将介绍 3He的基本物理性质 ,总结 3He在低温下的特性表现、获取方法以及应用情况 ,以供参考     

Effect of helium concentration on irradiation damage of Fe-ion irradiated SIMP steel at 300℃ and 450℃

SIMP steel is newly developed fully martensitic steel for lead-cooled fast reactors and accelerator-driven systems.It is important to evaluate its radiation resistance via high flux neutron irradiation, where dense He atoms can be formed via(n, α) transmutation reaction. Co-irradiation with Fe and He ions, instead of neutron, was performed. Specimens were irradiated with 6.4-Me V Fe ions to the damage dose of 5 dpa at a depth of 600 nm. Three different helium injection ratios of 60-appm He/dpa(dpa: displacements per atom), 200-appm He/dpa and 600-appm He/dpa at a depth of 600 nm,were performed. Two different irradiation temperatures of 300℃ and 450℃ were carried out. The effect of helium concentration on the microstructure of Fe-irradiated SIMP steel was investigated. Microstructural damage was observed using transmission electron microscopy. The formed dislocation loops and bubbles depended on the helium injection ratio and irradiation temperature. Lots of dislocation loops and helium bubbles were homogeneously distributed at 300℃, but not at 450℃. The causes of observed effects are discussed.     

Analysis of dynamic dislocation-assisted penetration of helium into tin and cadmium deformed by stretching in liquid helium

Curves describing the liberation of helium from Sn single crystals deformed by stretching in liquid ³He and ⁴He and from Cd polycrystals in ⁴He are analyzed. It is found that the stress-strain diagrams for Sn are in qualitative agreement with the concentration of helium in the samples. The peaks in the amount of He liberated from Cd and Sn at temperatures both below and above the melting point are found to be of different types. The reasons for this difference are investigated, and the assumption concerning the existence of a chemical bond between helium atoms and structural defects of the metals under investigation is formulated.     

10-2～105 Pa气压范围的氦等离子体光谱分析

采用三种实验装置(介质阻挡放电装置、空心阴极放电装置和彭宁放电装置)分别测量了不同压强范围内氦等离子体的发射光谱.通过对氦等离子体发射光谱的分析,已观察到一个共同的特点,就是在三种放电条件下产生的氦等离子体中31P1→21S0的谱线强度总是最强,可以推测亚稳态氦原子的含量相当显著,但不同的装置也有不同的特点,介质阻挡放电装置能够产生准辉光放电,谱线中氦原子的谱线强度很低,而空心阴极放电与彭宁放电装置能够产生稳定均匀的等离子体,且发射足够强的光辐射.我们已对所拍摄的光谱的谱线都进行了辨认,所有结果表明原子发射光谱分析法是研究不同条件下氦等离子体状态的一种十分有效的手段.     

Simulation of Helium Behaviour in Titanium Crystals Using Molecular Dynamics

The behaviour of helium in Ti crystals at 300 K has been investigated by means of the molecular dynamics. The study is focused on the influences of He-Ti interaction on the aggregation of helium atoms in the substrate. When a Born-Mayer potential is used to describe the He-Ti interaction, the He atoms are unable to cluster with each other due to the weak bridge barrier that cannot trap the helium atoms, Whereas using a He-Ti potential that is constructed by fitting the ab initio pairwise He-Ti potential, the clustering of He atoms can be observed. The results indicate that suitable He-Ti potential plays an important role in the formation of He clusters in metals. Moreover, it is noted that the shape of the formed He cluster is irregular, and the produced defect prefers to congregating on one side of the He cluster rather than spreading symmetrically around it.     

Dopant profile changes induced by pulsed laser annealing

A short review is given of recent experimental studies of helium in metals, emphasizing fundamental He behavior at low temperatures (room temperature and below), low He concentrations (～1 at.% He) and in the absence of radiation induced defects. Some of the main points are: (a) interstitial He is generally locally mobile at room temperature and below, (b) impurities behave as strong unsaturable traps which lose their identity with increasing numbers of trapped He atoms, and (c) the eventual microstructure of He charged metals appears qualitatively the same in pure undamaged materials as in radiation-damaged materials.     

从大气压到超低气压范围的氦等离子体发射光谱的基本特性

采用三种实验装置(介质阻挡放电装置、空心阴极放电装置和彭宁放电装置)分别测量了不同压强范围内氦等离子体的发射光谱。通过对氦等离子体发射光谱的分析,已观察到一个共同的特点,就是在三种放电条件下产生的氦等离子体中31P1→21S0的谱线强度总是最强,可以推测亚稳态氦原子的含量相当显著,但不同的装置也有不同的特点,介质阻挡放电装置能够产生准辉光放电,谱线中氦原子的谱线强度很低,而空心阴极放电与彭宁放电装置能够产生稳定均匀的等离子体,且发射足够强的光辐射。我们已对所拍摄的光谱的谱线都进行了辨认,所有结果表明原子发射光谱分析法是研究不同条件下氦等离子体状态的一种十分有效的手段。     

Self-consistent quantum structure of diffuse helium atom clusters

Diffuse clusters of arbitrary numbers of helium atoms are treated in a mean-field theory of the many-body system. The nonlinear Hartree self-consistent-field equations are solved numerically to give their energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Both isotopes ⁴He and ³He are treated according to their bosonic and fermionic statistics and symmetry requirements. Clusters of all sizes of ⁴He atoms are stable, but there is a minimum threshold of ～70 atoms for the formation of ³He clusters. All the excited states in addition to the ground state were found. The wave functions are seen to have interesting differences from electronic wave functions in atoms.     

Positron and deuteron depth profiling in helium-3-implanted electrum-like alloy

In spite of previous extensive studies, the helium behavior in metals still remains an issue in microelectronics as well as in nuclear technology. A gold-silver solid solution (Au₆₀Ag₄₀: synthetic gold-rich electrum) was chosen as a relevant model to study helium irradiation of heavy metals. After helium-3 ion implantation at an energy ranging from 4.2 to 5.6 MeV, nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) based on the ³He(d,p)⁴He reaction, was performed in order to study the thermal diffusion of helium atoms. At room temperature, NRA data reveal that a single Gaussian can fit the He-distribution, which remains unchanged after annealing at temperatures below 0.45 of the melting point. Slow positron implantation spectroscopy, used to monitor the fluence dependence of induced defects unveils a positron saturation trapping, which occurs for He contents of the order of 50-100 appm, whereas concentrations larger than 500 appm seem to favor an increase in the S-parameter of Doppler broadening. Moreover, at high temperature, NRA results clearly show that helium long range diffusion occurs, though, without following a simple Fick law.     

Hydrogen and helium in nickel and 12Kh18N10T steel

A brief review of data for the influence of helium on the hydrogen sorption and mechanical properties of nickel and 12Kh18N10T steel is presented. When in the metallic matrix, helium considerably deteriorates the ductility of these metals. It is shown that ³He present in 12Kh18N10T steel generates high-energy hydrogen traps.