基于新物性库的低温回热器REGEN模拟

REGEN程序是用于回热式低温制冷机中回热器部分的仿真模拟软件。在仅内嵌有氦元素工质的基础上,工作新增了包含N2、H2、Ne、Ar和甲烷等13种低温工质的物性库,介绍了其适用温度、压力区间及计算精度等情况。在保留原有氦-4(4He)的基础上补充了当前最新的4He状态方程的研究成果,以此验证了新物性库与原物性库的衔接性和复现性。使用基于新物性库的REGEN3.3a程序对He、H2和Ne为工质的斯特林型脉管制冷机,进行了模拟优化计算并比较了采用不同工质时制冷机的制冷系数。     

复叠系统低温级制冷剂的循环性能对比实验

通过实验测试,比较了不同冷凝温度和蒸发温度下复叠系统低温级常用制冷工质R13、R23、R503和RS08B的COP、压比及制冷量等循环性能,又结合各制冷工质的环境性能、热工性能,分析了现有常用复叠系统低温级制冷工质各自的优缺点,为新工质的开发及进一步的制冷性能对比实验工作提供了有益的帮助.     

采用常规状态方程计算氦-3热力性质的可行性研究

3He作为一种特殊的工质在低温工程、基础物理学和空间技术等领域获得重要应用,这些应用需要可靠的3He热力学性质数据。但是目前没有适用于3He的宽范围状态方程。不仅如此,而且有关的热物性实验数据也十分稀缺,这给应用3He的研究人员带来了困难。本文基于全面收集和整理有关3He的各类数据,通过编写计算机程序,考察了五种常用的状态方程(理想气体状态方程,范德瓦尔方程,RK方程,RKS方程和PR方程)用于计算3He在4K~100K温区定压下比容-温度关系的可行性,并将计算结果与实验数据进行了比较。这些比较结果将为3He状态方程的研究提供有价值的参考。     

以理想玻色气体为工质的量子Ericsson制冷循环

文中基于理想玻色气体的状态方程 ,分析了以理想玻色气体为工质的量子 Ericsson制冷循环中的回热特征 ,推导出其制冷循环的制冷系数表达式。并在高温和低温条件下对制冷系数进行了讨论。这将对低温气体制冷机的研究提供理论依据。     

扬声器驱动热声制冷机的研究进展

热声制冷技术是一项新型的制冷技术,它具有运动部件少、运行可靠、振动小、寿命长、对环境无污染等优点,在航天、超导、低温电子、低温生物等众多领域有着十分广阔的应用前景。本文阐述热声制冷效应的基本原理和热声制冷循环之后,系统介绍了热声制冷机中共振管、板毪、换热器、动力源(扬声器)等部件和制冷工质的研究情况。同时,指出了扬声器驱动热声制冷存在的问题,并对热声制冷的发展进行了展望。     

以理想费米气体为工质的量子制冷循环

本文基于理想费米气体的状态方程，分析了以理想费米气体为工质的量子Ericsson制冷循环中的回热特征，推导出其制冷循环的制冷系数表达式。并在高温和低温条件下对制冷系数进行了讨论。这将对低温制冷机的研究提供理论依据。     

氦-3状态方程研究进展第二部分:正常液相区和气体区以及全区间状态方程

宽温度和压力范围的3He详细热力性质数据对进行极低温基础科学研究和制冷特性研究是至关重要的.但至今尚缺乏一个热力学统一的解析形式状态方程,来准确描述1K左右到室温300K大温区的3He热力学性质.在收集和整理各类研究3He热力性质文献的基础上,总结了正常液相区和气体区以及全区间3He状态方程的研究状态,这项工作不仅能为关心3He局部区域性质的研究人员提供总结,而且可为今后开发宽范围的3He热力学状态方程提供参考.     

自复叠制冷系统混合工质配比研究

分析了混合工质组分选择时必须考虑的几个选配原则。针对一种五级自动复叠制冷循环混合工质的配比,分析了相关制冷工质的性能及非共沸混合工质的特性。根据所要达到的温度,选择了R22、R23、R 4、R740和R728五种制冷工质作为系统循环工质,应用制冷工质性能商业计算软件Refprop,对混合工质的配比进行了模拟计算,得到了可以接受的一种混合工质配比。     

氦-3状态方程研究进展第一部分:固-液、气-液饱和线以及临界区状态方程

宽温度和压力范围内的3He详细热力参数数据对进行极低温基础科学研究和制冷特性研究是至关重要的,但至今尚缺乏一个热力学统一的解析形式状态方程来准确描述1K左右到室温300K温区的3He热力学性质.在收集和整理各类研究3He热力性质文献的基础上,总结了3He固-液、气-液饱和线以及临界区状态方程的研究状况.这项工作不仅能为关心3He局部区域性质的研究人员提供总结,而且可为今后开发宽范围的3He热力学状态方程提供参考.     

低温热驱动喷射制冷系统的工质选择

建立了可精确预测喷射器性能的热力学模型,对适用于低温热驱动的喷射制冷系统的环境友好工质进行了选择和计算分析。结果表明:R152a和R134a用于低温热驱动喷射制冷系统均能获得较好的制冷性能,在相同工况下,以R152a为工质的制冷系统的COP比R134a为工质的制冷系统的COP高4%—13.3%,采用R152a可获得更好的制冷效果。     

He离子注入单晶Si纳米气泡形成生长及其应用探讨

首先简述了He离子注入单晶Si引起的气泡形成、生长以及其它缺陷对其生长的影响,介绍了Si中He气泡生长的可能微观机制以及它们在现代半导体技术中潜在的应用前景,提出了该领域研究有待解决的关键问题.He ion implantation induced bubbles or cavities in silicon have been paid more and more attentions due to their potential applications in modern semiconductor technology. In this paper, He ion implantation induced formation and growth of bubbles in silicon together with their interactions with other defects were first briefly reviewed. Then the possible growth mechanisms of He bubbles in silicon and their potential applications in modern semiconductor technology were described. Finally, we presented the ke...     

Positron lifetime experiments in low temperature 3He gas

Positron lifetime spectra were measured in ³He for temperatures 3–16 K and densities 120–432 amagat. Free positron and positron-³He clusters, as well as positronium induced cavities in the gas, are observed. Data are compared with previous work in ⁴He.     

Hydrogen and helium films as model systems of wetting

Optical experiments on the wetting properties of liquid ⁴He and molecular hydrogen are reviewed. Hydrogen films on noble metal surfaces serve as model systems for studying triple point wetting, a continuous transition between wetting and non-wetting. By means of optically excited surface plasmons, the adsorbed film thickness for temperatures around, and far below, the bulk melting temperature is measured, and the physical mechanisms responsible for the transition are elucidated. Possible applications for other experiments in pure and applied research are discussed. Thin films and droplets of liquid helium are studied on cesium surfaces, on which there is a first order wetting transition. Our studies concentrate on dynamical observations via surface plasmon microscopy, which provide insight into the morphology of liquid helium droplets spreading at different temperatures. Features corresponding to pinning forces, the prewetting line, and the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition are clearly observed.     

Proportional counter operated at 13–300 K and its application to CEMS

The operation of a proportional counter was investigated at temperatures between 13–300K. It was found that the suitable gases filled in the counter are purified belium at temperatures below 22K, purified neon at temperatures between 22–53K and He+5%N₂ or He+10%CO at temperatures above 46 or 47K, respectively. This experimental technique was applied to CEMS with natural iron and with a thin foil of iron oxide.     

Possible one-dimensional 3He quantum fluid formed in nanopores

Heat capacity measurements have been made down to 5 mK for 3He fluid films adsorbed in one-dimensional (1D) nanometer-scale pores, 28 A in diameter, preplated with 4He of 1.47 atomic layers. At low 3He density, the heat capacity shows a density-dependent, Schottky-like peak near 150 mK asymptoting to the value corresponding to a 2D Boltzmann gas at high temperatures. The peak behavior is attributed to the crossover from a 2D gas to a 1D state at low temperatures. The degenerate state of the 1D 3He fluid is indicated by a predominantly linear temperature dependence below about 30 mK.     

NMR study of the dynamics of 3He impurities in the proposed supersolid state of solid 4He

The dynamics of (3)He atoms in solid (4)He have been investigated by measuring the NMR relaxation times T(1) and T(2) in the region where a significant nonclassical rotational inertia fraction has been reported. For (3)He concentrations x(3)=16 and 24 ppm, changes are observed for both the spin-lattice relaxation time T(1) and the spin-spin relaxation time T(2) at the temperatures corresponding to the onset of the nonclassical rotational inertia fraction and, at lower temperatures, to the (3)He-(4)He phase separation. The magnitudes of T(1) and T(2) at temperatures above the phase separation agree roughly with existing theory based on the tunneling of (3)He impurities in the elastic strain field due to isotopic mismatch. However, a distinct peak in T(1) and a less well-resolved feature in T(2) are observed near the reported nonclassical rotational inertia fraction onset temperature, in contrast to the temperature-independent relaxation times predicted by the tunneling theory.     

Spin polarized 3He: From basic research to medical applications

Polarization of ³He gas by means of optical pumping is well known since the early 1960s with first applications in fundamental physics. Some thirty years later it was discovered, that one can use hyperpolarized ³He as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of the lung. The wide interest in this new method made it necessary to find ways of polarizing ³He in large quantities with high polarization degrees. A high performance polarizing facility has been developed at the University of Mainz, designed for centralized production of hyperpolarized ³He gas. We present the Mainz concept as well as some examples of numerous applications of spin polarized ³He in fundamental research and medical applications.     

Sound propagation in coexistent Bose and Fermi superfluids in aerogel

We report the first observation of longitudinal sound propagation in three dimensionally distributed Bose and Fermi superfluids in an acoustic investigation of phase separated 3He-4He mixtures confined to aerogel. At mK temperatures, this inhomogeneous system exhibits simultaneous 3He and 4He superfluidity leading to two "slow modes" along with the conventional sound mode. We also infer the superfluidity of isolated bubbles of pure 3He in a large 4He concentration sample.     

Observation of mixed fermionic-bosonic helium clusters by transmission grating diffraction

Small weakly bound boson-fermion 4He(m) 3He(n) clusters formed in a free jet expansion are identified using nondestructive transmission grating diffraction. The observations confirm the existence of more than 11 very tenuous complexes including the three-body halo molecule 4He2 3He and the pseudo-Borromean complex 4He2 3He2. Effective cluster formation temperatures, extracted from a sudden freeze model for cluster growth using theoretical binding energies, increase smoothly with cluster size, thereby confirming the calculations with the possible exception of 4He2 3He2.     

Depression of the 3He melting curve by adsorptive solidification on carbon substrates

The depression of the ³He melting curve by up to one bar lower than the bulk melting curve for temperatures varying from the mK range up to 0.5 K was observed. Adsorptive solidification isotherms at several different temperatures were studied.