整数计分投票方法下全排序概率问题研究

讨论了在与Borda投票规则相似的整数计分投票方法中,投票结果使备选方案集产生全排序(任意两个备选方案的总分值不同)的概率P的问题.给出了在一定假设条件下计算P值的相关公式;通过分析运行计算机程序得到的数据,讨论了P值关于整数计分投票问题的三个变量的单调性性质;最后根据P值函数的单调性性质,指出应如何设计和调整整数计分投票规则.     

祖冲之点集初探

祖冲之点集妙趣横生,引人入胜,本文仅尝试将祖冲之点集分类,并探讨相应的祖冲之点集的构造。一、祖冲之点集定义及分类在平面上由n个点所组成的点集,如果点集中任意两点的垂直平分线都经过点集中至少一点,这个点集就叫做n点的祖冲之点集。若祖冲之点集中存在两点的垂直平分线只经过点集中的一点,称之为一阶祖冲之点集、若一阶祖冲之点集中,任意两点的垂直平分线只经过点集中的一点,称之为纯一阶祖冲之点集。若祖冲之点集中,任意二点的垂直平分线都过点集中至少二点,称之为二阶祖冲之点     

纽结的n-Gordian复形

定义了纽结的n-Gordian复形,这是纽结Gordian复形的一种推广,并证明了当n为正偶数时,对任意纽结K和任意正整数r,存在一个包含K且共含r个纽结的集合,使得此集合中任意两个纽结的n-Gordian距离为1.     

广义函数的乘法

1950年,法国数学家L.Schwartz成功地引入了广义函数概念:具有紧支集的无穷次连续可微函数空间上的连续线性泛函。但如何定义任意两个广义函数的乘积问题一直未能得到圆满解决。从广义函数概念出发,易于定义无穷次可微函数与任意广义函数的乘积:     

次可加测度压的一个注记

利用非紧集上拓扑压的定义,对任意一个不变测度和一族紧度量空间上的次可加势函数,引进了一个新的次可加测度压的定义.在某些假设下,对任意一个遍历测度,证明了新定义的次可加测度压等于用生成集定义的次可加测度压.进一步得到了一个逆变分原理,即次可加测度压等于在某个非紧集上的拓扑压.     

词偏序集的Mbius函数的Cohen-Macaulay性质的推广

本文主要利用偏序集的同调方法，给出任意两个分层偏序集的等价分类映射概念；证明了该映射是保Cohen-Macaulay性质的．本文的结论部份回答了B．Stechin[1]的问题，同时推广了词偏序集的Mobins函数的符号交错性．     

对称性在微积分中的一些应用

对称的概念在数学领域有着非常广泛而重要的作用,人们可以利用问题涉及的数学对象本身具有的对称因素去解决问题,在微积分部分,利用函数,积分域等所具有的对称性可以拓展思路,简化运算,下面举例说明,仅供教学中参考．一、在微分计算中的应用定义1若将n元函数中任意两个变元对换而函数不变,则称是对称函数．规则是偏导数存在的对称。数,则具,中的X换成y,y换成X,就得到了．规则1可以推广到任意n元对称函数中每一个变元的任意m阶偏导数．利用函数X的对称性,将（1）、（2）式中X,y互换得将（1）、（2）式中工,Z互换得定义2如果…     

基于区间值直觉模糊集的TOPSIS多属性决策

基于区间值直觉模糊集,提出了一种新的TOPSIS模糊多属性决策方法。首先介绍区间直觉模糊集的概念,定义了两个区间值直觉模糊集之间的距离;然后根据TOPSIS方法的原理,定义了两个区间值直觉模糊集的接近系数,通过计算备选方案到区间值直觉模糊正理想解和负理想解的距离来确定接近系数,从而判断备选方案的优劣次序。最后,通过一个具体实例来说明这种方法的有效性和具体计算过程。     

少数服从多数规则的特性

假定投票人的人数是奇数，E．S．Maskin引入传递性刻画了少数服从多数规则的特性．Campbell和Kelly试图将E．S．Maskin的理论推广到投票人的人数是任意整数的情形，用有限传递性来刻画少数服从多数规则的特性．我们发现存在这样的少数服从多数规则，它满足无关方案独立性条件并且认为任意两个不同的备选方案都是有差异的，但却不一定满足有限传递性．所以，用有限传递性来刻画少数服从多数规则的特性就有一定缺陷．本文对满足无关方案独立性的少数服从多数规则特性进行了重新刻画，并弱化了有关条件．     

φ-拓扑

§1 φ-函子在连续格理论中存在着一类具有共性的函子,如函子φ_s:范畴COM_s(对象完备格,态射保任意交)→集范畴SET,φ_(L)为L的全体单点集;φ_D:范畴COM_D(对象为完备格,态射保任意交、有向并)→SET,φ_D(L)为L的全体有向集;φ_c:范畴COM_c(对象为完备格,态射保任意交、并)→SET,φ_c(L)为L的幂集P(L)。诸如此类的函子,我们给出定义如下:     

C#-单调范数与Henig有效点的切比雪夫标量化

本文引进了C＃-单调范数的概念.利用这个概念,我们给出了Henig有效点的切比雪夫标量化结果.     

Price Expectations and Cobwebs Under Uncertainty

Classical approaches to location problems are based on the minimization of the average distance (the median concept) or the minimization of the maximum distance (the center concept) to the service facilities. The median solution concept is primarily concerned with the spatial efficiency while the center concept is focused on the spatial equity. The k-centrum model unifies both the concepts by minimization of the sum of the k largest distances. In this paper we investigate a solution concept of the conditional median which is a generalization of the k-centrum concept taking into account the portion of demand related to the largest distances. Namely, for a specified portion (quantile) of demand we take into account the entire group of the corresponding largest distances and we minimize their average. It is shown that such an objective, similar to the standard minimax, may be modeled with a number of simple linear inequalities. Equitable properties of the solution concept are examined.     

An axiomatic approach to egalitarianism in TU-games

A core concept is a solution concept on the class of balanced games that exclusively selects core allocations. We show that every continuous core concept that satisfies both the equal treatment property and a new property called independence of irrelevant core allocations (IIC) necessarily selects egalitarian allocations. IIC requires that, if the core concept selects a certain core allocation for a given game, and this allocation is still a core allocation for a new game with a core that is contained in the core of the first game, then the core concept also chooses this allocation as the solution to the new game. When we replace the continuity requirement by a weak version of additivity we obtain an axiomatization of the egalitarian solution concept that assigns to each balanced game the core allocation minimizing the Euclidean distance to the equal share allocation.     

Hom-扭曲积和Hom-扭曲余积

首先给出了对偶Hom-双代数和余对偶Hom-双代数的概念,其次构造了Hom-扭曲积和Hom-扭曲余积并讨论了他们的一些性质．     

Two definitions of exponential dichotomy for skew-product semiflow in Banach spaces

In this paper we introduce a concept of exponential dichotomy for linear skew-product semiflows (LSPS) in infinite dimensional Banach spaces, which is an extension of the classical concept of exponential dichotomy for time dependent linear differential equations in Banach spaces. We prove that the concept of exponential dichotomy used by Sacker-Sell and Magalhães in recent years is stronger than this one, but they are equivalent under suitable conditions. Using this concept we where able to find a formula for all the bounded negative continuations. After that, we characterize the stable and unstable subbundles in terms of the boundedness of the corresponding projector along (forward/backward) the LSPS and in terms of the exponential decay of the semiflow. The linear theory presented here provides a foundation for studying the nonlinear theory. Also, this concept can be used to study the existence of exponential dichotomy and the roughness property for LSPS.

     

HC-偏序集的若干性质

基于超连续格的内蕴式刻画,引入HC-偏序集的概念,讨论了HC-偏序集的一些性质.类似地,作为超代数格的推广,引入了HA-偏序集并讨论其相关性质.     

半环上同余的刻画

引入半环的完全素理想的概念.利用这一概念,研究了半环的同余,分别给出了半环的子直积分解的若干结果和半环同余的一种刻画.     

Statistical Causality,Extremal Measures and Weak Solutions of Stochastic Differential Equations with Driving Semimartingales

In this paper we consider different concepts of causality in filtered probability spaces. Especially, we consider a generalization of a causality relationship “G is a cause of J within H ” which was first given by Mykland (1986) and which is based on Granger’s definition of causality (Granger, Econometrica 37:424–438, 1969). Then we apply this concept on weak solutions of stochastic differential equations with driving semimartingales. We also show that the given causality concept is closely connected to the concept of extremality of measures and links Granger’s causality with the concept of adapted distribution. Finally, the concept of causality is applied on solution of martingale problem.     

关于群表示的分解矩阵和Cartan矩阵的两个结论

讨论了群表示中关于Cartan矩阵,Brauer特征等的性质,得到了一些结论,由这些结论,引进了所谓高度的一类概念,利用这一类概念证明了群表示论中关于分解矩阵和Cartan矩阵的两个结论.     

关于集值映射的相依导数与多目标最优化问题的灵敏度分析

本文在序锥P具有弱紧基的条件下讨论了集值映射F的切导数与F P的切导数之间的关系；引进了集值映射的新的上半局部Lipschitz概念，利用这个概念，我们在有限维空间中给出了多目标最优化问题的灵敏度分析的一个新的结果.