黏弹性对介观液珠聚并的影响——液珠-细丝-液珠聚并现象及其分析

在四辊流变仪中,黏弹性高分子介观液滴经反复拉伸和松弛形成了有细丝相连的两个黏弹液珠,研究了黏弹液珠的聚并过程,依形状叫做BSB(bead-string-bead,液珠-细丝-液珠)聚并.BSB现象与常见的通过滴间液膜破裂实现的液滴聚并过程大不相同.根据界面上的Laplace力、液珠移动时的黏性阻力和细丝中黏弹应力之间的平衡,推导出一个力学模型来描述BSB现象,理论分析与实验结果相符较好.细丝直径的变化和稳定性由过程参数和物料参数共同决定,尤其是液滴的黏弹性有较大影响.这一效应对多相高分子与复杂流体加工过程的基础理解富有启发.     

模拟乳状液中微小液滴间的相互作用力

对商品化的DCAT21表面/界面张力仪进行改造, 用于直接测量液滴间相互作用力, 同时用数码摄像头Digital 3.0观察记录两液滴接近, 挤压, 排液, 聚并等过程. 研究发现, 溶液中微小液滴间的相互作用力随距离的变化曲线能够提供分散液滴的行为特征信息: 曲线上不同阶段的斜率反映力的大小; 从液滴接触后到聚并前的挤压距离反映液滴的稳定性. 表面活性剂种类不同, 对两液滴聚并所起的稳定作用不同, 非离子表面活性剂具有较好的稳定作用. 溶液中聚合物分子在薄液膜中形成具有一定强度的层状结构, 阻碍液滴聚并, 受力曲线呈阶梯状.     

流动聚焦型微流控体系中的液滴的图案化排列和转变模式

流体在微流通道中形成剪切流场（低雷诺数）．不同于宏观体系,由于剪切力和表面张力的竞争作用,产生的液滴在微尺度下的微流通道中形成特殊的排列现象---周期性类似“晶格”排列现象．设计了新型流动聚焦型微流控芯片,分析研究在微流体系中液滴周期性图案化排列和转变机理性,液滴排列模式受两方面因素影响：水油两相的流速比值和微通道尺寸．当微通道宽度为250或300 μm时,液滴形成单层分散,双层和单层挤压排列．当微通道宽度为350 μm 时,液滴会形成单层分散到三层排列到双层挤压最后到单层挤压排列．当出口通道宽度增加到400 μm时,甚至出现了液滴四层排列的现象．同时研究了各个液滴排列模式的“转变点”.     

平板夹心型支撑液膜萃取体系中La^3＋的迁移行为

在含ＨＥＨ（ＥＨＰ）的平板夹心型支撑液膜萃取Ｌａ＾３＋的体系中，研究了体系传质过程中的渗透系数ｐ及其影响因素。实验证明夹心型与单型支撑液膜的传质理论模型以及料液酸度和反萃液酸度对传质渗透系数的影响基本一致。当体系料液的ｐＨ在３．５￣４．２之间时，体系的渗透系数ｐ趋于稳定；ｐ随反萃液酸度的增加而增大，当反萃液酸度大于４．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，ｐ趋于恒定；比较了用不同材料和厚度的夹心型支撑液膜体系萃取ｌａ２     

有机颜料酞菁蓝微胶囊的原位微悬浮法制备及其表征

通过简单的超声分散及强力剪切将滤饼中的有机颜料颗粒以初级粒子形式均匀稳定地分散到单体分散液和微悬浮液中的单体小液滴内,经有机颜料单体分散液的预聚处理和原位微悬浮聚合制备得到一系列具有高颜料包裹率和窄粒径分布特点的微米级聚合物胶粒.实验观察和粒径分析DLS证明,预聚处理可明显提高微悬浮体系中单体液滴相的黏度,因而可有效改...     

影响高浓度氧化石墨烯分散液流变行为的重要因素及群体平衡动力学分析

氧化石墨烯(GO)片的基面和边缘上存在大量的含氧官能团,能很好地分散在水中,因而具有很好的加工性和广阔的应用前景。在较高浓度范围下,GO水分散液中存在着强烈的竞争性相互作用,从而对流变行为产生较大影响。在本文中,通过稳态、动态等流变实验以及理论分析,研究了pH值、温度和不同的有机溶剂对GO分散液流变行为的影响。结果表明,降低pH值、适当增加温度以及加入吡啶均可促进GO水分散液从粘弹性液体到凝胶态的转变。利用DLVO (Deryagin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek)理论,探讨了GO片之间的范德华作用力以及双电层排斥作用的相互关系,及其对流变性能的影响。通过群体平衡模型(PBE)分析了GO分散液的屈服应力与体积分数的正相关关系。同时,通过蠕变和松弛实验发现,高浓度的GO分散液中结构变化及流变行为在很多方面与高聚物相似,利用Poyting-Thomson模型能较好地拟合其粘弹性行为。上述研究结果为深入研究复杂的GO分散体系提供理论支撑和实验依据。     

分散液液微萃取技术在食品分析中的应用进展

近年来,分散液液微萃取作为一种新型液相微萃取(LPME)技术受到广泛关注。该技术具有操作简单、有机溶剂用量少、富集倍数高等显著优点,已被广泛用于各类样品基质中无机和有机分析物的提取。但由于传统分散液液微萃取技术的萃取剂以高毒性有机溶剂为主,且选择性差,从而严重限制了该技术的应用。为此,最近几年发展了许多操作模式,如低密度萃取剂分散液液微萃取、悬浮固化分散液液微萃取、调节萃取剂密度的分散液液微萃取、离子液体-分散液液微萃取、水溶液作为萃取剂的反相分散液液微萃取等。该文综述了分散液液微萃取技术原理、萃取过程和影响因素(如萃取剂与分散剂种类和体积、p H值、离子强度、萃取时间等),并对其在食品分析中的应用进展进行了系统总结。     

界面流变性质对小液滴聚并过程的影响

对表面活性剂溶液中两个小液滴的聚并现象进行理论分析，并考虑相界面上质量传递对该过程的影响，得到聚并时间与界而张力和界面张力梯度、界面粘度、表面活性剂界面扩散系数、连续相和分散相的主体性质、范德华力及液滴半径的关系．     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中甲拌磷农药

建立了基于分散液液微萃取(DLLME)的新型样品前处理方法,并采用气相色谱/氢火焰离子化检测器对水样中痕量的甲拌磷农药进行了测定。考察了影响分散液液微萃取的因素包括萃取溶剂、分散剂、样品体积、萃取温度和离心速度等。在最佳实验条件下,对甲拌磷的富集倍数达到300倍;检出限为0.001μL/L;方法的线性范围为0.01~10μL/L,R2为0.9986;相对标准偏差为6.65%;回收率为104%。将分散液液微萃取法与单滴液相微萃取和离子液体-液相微萃取方法进行了对比,结果表明,分散液液微萃取技术具有操作简单、快捷(前处理时间小于5 min)、富集效果好、回收率高等优点。同时预言,将离子液体与分散液液微萃取结合,将会产生更加满意的结果。     

分散液-液微萃取技术在污染物分析中的应用

分散液-液微萃取技术是一种新型的、具有巨大潜力的样品前处理技术,已经越来越多地被应用到多种污染物的富集过程中。此方法具有简单、快速、价格低廉、环境友好、回收率和富集倍数高等优点。近年来,作为一种可行的分析技术,分散液-液微萃取技术获得了持续的关注和广泛应用。该文综述了分散液-液微萃取技术的研究进展及其在不同介质污染物分析中的应用。     

含热致液晶性共聚酯的聚砜共混物

将一种含萘环的热致液晶性共聚酯与聚砜树脂熔融共混并挤塑成条。毛细管流变性测试表明，这一共聚酯降低了共混物的表观粘度，甚至低于其本身的粘度。共混物受剪切作用形成了各向异性的微纤增强结构，并具有皮芯结构，在液晶聚俣物含量低到２％与０．５％的样条中仍有共聚酯微纤形成。共聚酯微纤提高了聚砜的力学性能，含２０％共聚酯共混物挤塑条的位伸模量为聚砜树脂的二倍半。     

含热致液晶性共聚酯的聚砜共混物

将一种含萘环的热致液晶性共聚酯与聚砜材脂熔融共混并挤塑成条．毛细管流变性测试表明，这一共聚酯降低了共混物的表观粘度，甚至低于其本身的粘度．共混物受剪切作用形成了各向异性的微纤增强结构，并具有皮芯结构．在液晶聚合物含量低到２％与０．５％的样条中仍有共聚酯微纤形成．共聚酯微纤提高了聚砜的力学性能，含２０％共聚酯共混物挤塑条的位伸模量为聚砜树脂的二倍半．     

Thermoplastic elastomer based on high‐density polyethylene/natural rubber blends: rheological,thermal, and morphological properties

Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) comprising air‐dried sheet or natural rubber (ADS or NR) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) was prepared by a simple blending technique. NR and HDPE were mixed with each type of phenolic compatibilizer (HRJ‐10518 or SP‐1045) or liquid natural rubber (LNR) at 180°C in an internal mixer. The mixing torque, shear stress, and shear viscosity of the blends increased with increasing amounts of NR. Positive deviation blend (PDB) for the blends containing active hydroxyl methyl phenolic resin in HRJ‐10518 or dimethyl phenolic resin in SP‐1045 was obtained. PDB was not observed for the blends without the compatibilizers or with LNR. The blends with HRJ‐10518 or SP‐1045 were compatible or partially compatible while the LNR blends were incompatible. In the phenolic compatibilized blends, NR dispersed in the HDPE matrix was found in the NR/HDPE blends of 20/80, 40/60, and 50/50 ratios. HDPE dispersed in NR matrix was obtained in the NR/HDPE blend of 80/20 ratio, and the co‐continuous phase was accomplished in the NR/HDPE blend of 60/40 ratio. The NR/HDPE blend at 60/40 ratio compatibilized with HRJ‐10518 and fabricated by a simple plastic injection molding machine exhibited higher ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break (EB). Incorporation of parafinic oil caused a decreasing tendency in tensile strength with increases in EB. The TPNRs exhibited high elastomeric nature with low‐tension set. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

两个液滴之间的聚并

对于系统中不含杂质时两个液滴在不互溶液体中的聚并过程进行理论分析，得到聚并所需时间与两相物理性质一范德华力的关系，该结果也适用于气泡在液体中的聚并，只要知道系统的物性数据和液滴半径，就可以计算聚并时间，理论预测与实验结果符合较好。     

Rheology and morphology of linear polyurethane and poly(methyl methacrylate) blends formed in situ

The rheological properties and morphology of flow during the in situ formation of linear polyurethane and poly(methyl methacrylate) blends of various compositions are studied. At a certain conversion of the components, the initial homogeneous blend undergoes phase separation, as evidenced by the nonadditive dependence of the logarithm of viscosity on blend composition. For individual components, the gel points correspond to appreciably different conversions. For components in blends of various compositions, this difference is less pronounced and associated with the kinetic conditions of blend formation. The morphology of flow of the reaction blend over the time (or conversion) between the onset of phase separation and gelation during flow with a high shear rate is determined by the blend composition and the ratio between the viscosity of the dispersion phase and the matrix.     

热致性液晶共聚酯的拉伸流动行为

采用入口收缩流动的实验方法研究了改性PET/ 80PHB液晶共聚酯LCP80的拉伸流动行为 ,考察了拉伸速率、温度等对其拉伸粘度、Trouton比的影响 .实验结果表明 ,LCP80的入口压降值很大 ,其中由拉伸引起的入口压降是主要的 .在该文实验条件下LCP80均表现出拉伸稀化现象 ,并且Trouton比值都远大于 3 .根据流动中液晶织态结构的变化解释了实验现象 ,并对入口收缩流动的实验数据处理方法作了改进 ,比Beery的方法更为合理 ,也具有更广的适用性 .     

Microtubule particle dispersion in liquid crystal hosts

Microtubule particles and metal-coated microtubules were dispersed in various host liquid crystal mixtures. Dispersion effects were evaluated as a function of liquid crystal type, viscosity, dielectric anisotropy and surface interaction. Experimental results indicated that all the types of liquid crystals studied were aligned perpendicular to the microtubule surfaces, regardless of liquid crystal composition or various surface coatings used on the metal-coated microtubules. Low concentrations of the metal-coated microtubules in nematic liquid crystal hosts were aligned by flow or cell surface alignment conditions, and could be modulated by electric or magnetic fields. We observed better microtubules dispersion uniformity in high viscosity liquid crystal host mixtures and in liquid crystal-monomers than in isotropic fluids. Microtubules particles dispersed in ROTN-404 liquid crystal mixture had a much higher birefringence in the microwave region than dispersion in a paraffin oil.     

Phase behavior and its viscoelastic response of polylactide/poly(ε-caprolactone) blend

Polylactide (PLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) blends with various blend ratios were prepared via melt mixing. The morphology, linear and non-linear viscoelastic properties of the blend were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cone-plate rheometer. Three typical immiscible morphologies, i.e., spherical droplet, fibrous and co-continuous structure can be observed at various compositions. The elasticity ratio was proposed to play an important role together with the viscosity on the phase inversion because PLA/PCL blend presents a high viscosity ratio between two components. Two emulsion models were used to predict the linear viscoelastic properties of the blend with various morphologies. The Palierne model gives better fit compared with the G–M model, but both fail to predict the viscoelastic properties of the co-continuous blend. The viscoelastic behavior of those blends shows different temperature dependence due to their different morphologies. The principle of time–temperature superposition (TTS) is only valid for the co-continuous blend while fails with the rheological data of those blends with discrete spherical and fibrous domain structure. Moreover, although the discrete phase is difficult to be broken up due to the high viscosity ratio of the systems, the change of viscoelastic responses of those blends before and after preshear shows large difference, indicating that different morphologies have different sensitivity to the steady shear flow.     

Phase behaviour of SMA/PMMA blends: the influence of processing at low and high deformation rates

The influence of processing parameters (deformations) on SMA/PMMA blend phase behaviour is studied. It is found that injection moulding does change polymer blend phase behaviour. Phase separation kinetics are important to understand the injection moulding experiments and the kinetics are probably influenced by the deformations caused by the injection moulding proces. Capillary flow causes a complex change of polymer blend phase behaviour showing both deformation induced mixing and redemixing. Short capillaries, causing almost only uniaxial elongation in combination with pressure, cause no change to polymer blend phase behaviour. This is probably due to the short time the deformation is imposed to the material: it is expected that elongation is a main parameter causing changes in polymer blend phase behaviour. Parallel plate rheometer experiments show that applying only shear causes a complex change of phase behaviour showing both shear induced mixing and redemixing.     

Microtubule particle dispersion in liquid crystal hosts

Abstract

Microtubule particles and metal-coated microtubules were dispersed in various host liquid crystal mixtures. Dispersion effects were evaluated as a function of liquid crystal type, viscosity, dielectric anisotropy and surface interaction. Experimental results indicated that all the types of liquid crystals studied were aligned perpendicular to the microtubule surfaces, regardless of liquid crystal composition or various surface coatings used on the metal-coated microtubules. Low concentrations of the metal-coated microtubules in nematic liquid crystal hosts were aligned by flow or cell surface alignment conditions, and could be modulated by electric or magnetic fields. We observed better microtubules dispersion uniformity in high viscosity liquid crystal host mixtures and in liquid crystal-monomers than in isotropic fluids. Microtubules particles dispersed in ROTN-404 liquid crystal mixture had a much higher birefringence in the microwave region than dispersion in a paraffin oil.