氨水共沉淀法制备Nd∶Y2O3透明陶瓷纳米粉体

以Y2O3粗粉、Nd2O3、硝酸和氨水为原料,通过共沉淀法制备了Nd∶Y2O3透明陶瓷纳米粉体,利用热重/差热分析（TG/DTA）、红外光谱（FTIR）、粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）以及能谱分析（EDS）等方法对合成的Nd∶Y2O3纳米粉体进行了表征。结果表明,在前驱物中添加适量SO4^2-离子能减轻煅烧得到的Nd∶Y2O3纳米粉体粒子的团聚,使Nd∶Y2O3纳米粒子的粒度均匀并呈球形分布。在600～1000℃煅烧3 h所得粉体粒子的粒径在20～40 nm之间,具有较好的分散性。     

二氧化硅纳米粒子表面修饰及其表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成粒径在50—150nm范围内的二氧化硅（SiO2）纳米粒子。用甲基丙烯酸-3-（三甲氧基硅基）丙酯（MPS）对SiO2纳米粒子表面进行修饰，使其表面接枝能参与自由基聚合反应的碳碳双键基团。用元素分析、FTIR、^13C CP／MASNMR和^29Si CP／MASNMR等手段对修饰过的SiO2纳米粒子进行表征，以确证MPS接枝在SiO2纳米粒子上。分析修饰过的SiO2纳米粒子的^29Si CP／MASNMR和FTIR谱图，还可初步推断MPS接枝在SiO2纳米粒子表面的机理：MPS首先发生水解缩合反应形成低聚物，然后通过氢键作用吸附到SiO2纳米粒子表面，最后MPS低聚物中未缩合的硅羟基与SiO2纳米粒子表面的硅羟基发生缩合反应。     

用超临界流体干燥法制备纳米级二氧化锆

本文采用超临界流体干燥技术（Supercriticalfliuddryingtechnique），用超临界乙醇作干燥（脱水）剂制备了纳米粒子ZrO_2，并用X－射线衍射和透射电镜对其进行了表征．结果表明，用超临界流体干燥法能获得颗粒细、大小均匀和抗团聚性能好的纳米粒子。     

PdCu合金纳米晶体的制备和电催化活性研究

改变表面活性剂1-十八烯（ODE）和油胺（OLA）或油酸（OA）的配比,以1,2-二羟基十六烷二醇作还原剂同时还原乙酰丙酮铜Cu(acac)2和乙酰丙酮钯Pd(acac)2一步法制备了单分散的球形和米花形的PdCu纳米粒子.透射电子显微镜和XRD等结构表征表明,两种形状的PdCu纳米粒子均为（111）面占优的合金纳米晶体,其平均粒径分别为12.7 ± 0.18 和 20.4 ± 0.31 nm.电化学循环伏安法（CV）测定了两种PdCu合金纳米粒子对甲酸氧化的电催化活性.结果表明,在球形PdCu纳米粒子上得到的甲酸氧化峰电流密度约为米花状纳米粒子（PdCu-B）上的5.6倍.同时,前者显示出了更好的抗CO毒化能力.计时电流测量也表明,球状PdCu纳米粒子比米花状纳米粒子有更好的电催化稳定性能.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包裹核壳型Fe_3O_4/Au纳米粒子的制备

采用改进的Polyol合成法,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为表面活性剂制备PVP包裹的单分散的Fe3O4/Au纳米粒子.透射电镜（TEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析证实了Fe3O4/Au的核壳型纳米结构,并确定了纳米粒子的尺寸大小和分布.UV-Vis测定显示了所制备的纳米粒子具有光学活性,而振动样品磁强计（VSM）测量显示纳米粒子具有优异的磁化率.     

单分散性银纳米粒子的可控制备

以卤化银或氧化银作为前驱体,室温下以水为溶剂,在较高溶液浓度下,利用化学还原法制备了单分散性银纳米粒子,并通过改变前驱体的种类,实现了粒径可控制备。采取扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、紫外-可见光谱仪（UV-Vis）、X射线-粉末衍射仪（XRD）、X射线-光电子能谱仪（XPS）等对所制备的银纳米粒子的形貌及成分进行了表征。结果显示,所制备的银纳米粒子具有较高的单分散性,粒径在40~150 nm之间,具有面心立方多晶结构。该方法制备的银纳米粒子可用于喷墨打印RFID天线。     

纳米α-Fe2O3/(IPDI-HTPB)复合粒子的制备及其催化性能研究

为改善纳米α-Fe₂O₃在复合推进剂中的分散性，提高其催化性能，选择推进剂的配方组分固化剂异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）为嫁接桥梁，将端羟基聚丁二烯（HTPB）接枝在纳米α-Fe₂O₃粒子的表面，制得纳米α-Fe₂O₃/（IPDI-HTPB）复合粒子.首先研究了IPDI与HTPB反应动力学，优化制备条件；然后采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）和热重分析（TGA）等手段对复合粒子的结构进行表征，采用DTA对比了复合前后纳米α-Fe₂O₃粒子对高氯酸铵（AP）热分解的催化性能的影响.结果表明，依靠IPDI的偶联作用，可将HTPB接枝在纳米α-Fe₂O₃的表面，包覆层厚度约为5 nm，改性后的纳米α-Fe₂O₃/（IPDI-HTPB）复合粒子的分散性大幅提高，纳米α-Fe₂O₃/（IPDI-HTPB）复合粒子对AP的热分解的催化性能也明显优于纯纳米α-Fe₂O₃粒子.     

新型铽配合物掺杂SiO2荧光纳米粒子的制备

以荧光物质铽的配合物为核，二氧化硅为外壳，制备了大小均匀的新型稀土配合物荧光纳米粒子。实验采用油包水的反相微乳液法，在四乙氧基硅烷和3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTEOS）的共水解下进行。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察，所得的纳米粒子呈球形，大小均匀，直径在30nm左右。纳米粒子呈现很强的铽配合物发光，且发光性质十分稳定。可通过表面的氨基方便地与生物分子偶联，可作为一种优秀的时间分辨荧光标记物。     

利用电化学方法制备铁氧化物纳米材料

以金属铁板为电极材料，采用去离子水为液相介质，在电化学腐蚀过程中得到了均一的FeOOH纳米片．通过调节反应时间等条件，在阳极板上得到了由均一的Fe3O4纳米粒子构成的立方晶体粒子膜．在继续增加反应时间的条件下，制备出由长约10μm，宽度约400砌的FeOOH纳米棒组成的微米级绒球，并利用X-射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对产物的组成和形貌进行了表征．     

载药荧光纳米粒子的制备及在乳腺癌MCF-7细胞系的应用及效果评价

利用两亲性聚乙二醇-聚乳酸共聚物（PEG-PDLLA）包覆荧光染料（DPBA）和紫杉醇（PTX）,通过自组装方法制得载药荧光纳米粒子DPBA/PTX@PEG-PDLLA.纳米粒子尺寸均一,具有良好的生物相容性.对纳米粒子的发光性质、载药量和体外药物释放等进行了表征,并考察了纳米粒子对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的抑制效果,观察了MCF-7细胞对纳米粒子的摄取情况.结果表明,DPBA/PTX@PEG-PDLLA纳米粒子具有较强的红光发射,不仅可以用于MCF-7肿瘤细胞质荧光成像,而且对肿瘤细胞的增殖具有一定的抑制能力.     

Nanoparticle carriers based on copolymers of poly(ε-caprolactone) and hyperbranched polymers for drug delivery

Novel amphiphilic copolymers based on poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and hyperbranched poly (amine-ester) (HPAE) with various compositions were synthesized. The amphiphilic copolymers can self-assemble into nanoscopic micelles and their hydrophobic cores can encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX) in aqueous solutions. The DOX-loaded HPAE-co-PCL nanoparticles diameter increased from 121 to 184 nm with the increasing PCL segment in the copolymer composition. An in vitro study at 37°C demonstrated that DOX-release from nanoparticles at pH 5.0 was much faster than that at pH 7.4. The cytotoxicity for HeLa cells study demonstrated that DOX-loaded HPAE-co-PCL nanoparticles exhibited the anti-tumor effect was enhanced significantly, suggesting that the DOX-loaded HPAE-co-PCL nanoparticles have great potential as a tumor drug carrier.     

Preparation and pervaporation properties of crosslinked hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) membranes

Crosslinked hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) (HPAE) membranes were prepared by crosslinking its terminal hydroxyl groups with glutaraldehyde (GA). The crosslinked HPAE membranes showed high reactivity and good hydrophilicity. The crosslinking degree was investigated by Fourier transformation infrared spectra (FT-IR). Atom force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals that the crosslinked HPAE films have smooth surfaces, dense and homogenous matrices. The swelling degree of the membrane was higher in water than that in isopropanol. From the permeation of pure water through the HPAE membrane, the effect of hydroxyl/aldehyde group ratio on the permeation flux and separation factor was investigated. The results indicated that the permeation flux increase was accompanied with the separation factor decrease if the water concentration increased in the feed solution.     

Preparation and evaluation of non-bonded hyperbranched polymer-coated columns for capillary electrophoresis

A series of hyperbranched poly(amine-ester)s based on 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, methyl acrylate and diethanolamine were synthesized and coated on the inner surface of the fused-silica capillaries by physical adsorption. The most effective coating was the seventh generation hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) coating, which reduced the electroosmotic flow (EOF) greatly and suppressed protein adsorption effectively. The high separation efficiencies for basic proteins were obtained and the coating had a good stability.     

NOVEL HYPERBRANCHED POLY（AMINE-ESTER） FILMS： PREPARATION,CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES

Crosslinked film of hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) (HPAE) was prepared by crosslinking its terminal hydroxyl groups with glutaraldehyde (GA). Atom force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals that they have smooth surfaces, dense and homogenous matrices. It was found that the water static contact angle is smaller than 41.7°, the tensile strength is higher than 8.9 MPa, the elongation at break is higher than 5.1%, the swelling degree is higher than 42% in water, and the Bovine hemoglobin (Hb) adsorption is relatively low. These results indicate that the crosslinked HPAE films might have some potential applications in many areas.     

Hyperbranched poly (amine‐ester)‐poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide) copolymer and their nanoparticles as paclitaxel delivery system

A new hyperbranched poly (amine‐ester)‐poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide) copolymer (HPAE‐co‐PLGA) was synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of D , L ‐lactide (DLLA) glycolid and branched poly (amine‐ester) (HPAE‐OHs) with Sn(Oct)₂ as catalyst. The chemical structures of copolymers were determined by FT‐IR, ¹H‐NMR(¹³C NMR), TGA and their molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Paclitaxel‐loaded copolymer nanoparticles were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method. Their physicochemical characteristics, e.g. morphology and nanoparticles size distribution were then evaluated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Paclitaxel‐loaded nanoparticles assumed a spherical shape and have unimodal size distribution. It was found that the chemical composition of the nanoparticles was a key factor in controlling nanoparticles size, drug‐loading content, and drug release behavior. As the molar ratio of DL ‐lactide/glycolide to HPAE increased, the nanoparticles size and drug‐loading content increased, and the drug release rate decreased. The antitumor activity of the paclitaxel‐loaded HPAE‐co‐PLGA nanoparticles against human liver cancer H7402 cells was evaluated by 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The paclitaxel‐loaded HPAE‐co‐PLGA nanoparticles showed comparable anticancer efficacy with the free drug. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超支化聚合物化学键合毛细管电泳柱的制备及其对蛋白质的分离行为

分别合成了以三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇为核的超支化聚(胺-酯),并对其进行了红外测定、羟值测定、粘度测定等表征。采用化学键合方法将其涂于毛细管内壁,并测定涂层柱的电渗流以及对碱性蛋白质的分离能力,结果表明,涂层柱能有效地抑制碱性蛋白质在毛细管内壁上的吸附,大大降低电渗流;以三羟甲基丙烷为核的超支化聚(胺-酯)涂层柱的塔板数达105/m,而以季戊四醇为核的超支化聚(胺-酯)涂层柱的分离柱效更高,塔板数达107/m。实验结果表明这两类涂层柱都具有较好的分离效果和稳定性。     

Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane modified with hyperbranched poly(amine‐ester)

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes were hydrophilic modified with hydroxyl group terminated hyperbranched poly(amine‐ester) (HPAE). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) was used to study the chemical change of PVDF membranes. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that some HPAE molecules were retained in PVDF membrane through polymer chain coiling. The presence of HPAE would improve the hydrophilicity of PVDF membrane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to characterize the morphology of different membranes. The thermodynamic stability for PVDF/DMAc/HPAE/Water system was characterized by the determination of the gelation values. Precipitation kinetics for PVDF/DMAc/HPAE/Water system was studied by precipitation time measurement. The water contact angle indicated that the hydrophilicity and the biocompatibility corresponding to protein adsorption of PVDF membrane were improved significantly after blending with hydrophilic HPAE molecules. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Preparation and stability of copper particles formed using the template of hyperbranched poly(amine-ester)

The sixth-generation hydroxyl-ended hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) (G6-OH) was investigated as template in formation and stabilization of copper nanoparticles. Ultra-violet spectra and transmission electron microscope were adopted to characterize absorption properties of G6-OH(Cu²⁺)_n complex and the morphology of the formed particles (G6-OH(Cu)_n), respectively. The template and stabilization functions of G6-OH were compared with di-block copolymer micelles and dendrimers having similar structure. It was found that the hyperbranched polymers could act as the templates for the preparation of copper particles. The size of the formed copper particles increased with Cu²⁺/Gn-OH molar ratio. Besides, the oxygen influenced the chemistry stability of copper particles greatly.     

Novel Cross‐Linked Films Prepared from Hyperbranched Poly(amine‐ester)

Summary: Novel hyperbranched poly(amine‐ester) (HPAE) cross‐linked films were prepared by cross‐linking the terminal hydroxyl groups of HPAE using glutaraldehyde (GA). Atom force microscope and scanning electron microscope revealed their smooth surfaces, dense and homogenous matrices. Property characterizations indicated that these cross‐linked films had good hydrophilicity, relative low protein adsorption, and high tensile strength. Also, their swelling behavior varied with the solvent.

Structure of the hyperbranched poly(amine‐ester).     

Efficient gene transfection of suspension cells by highly branched poly(β-amino ester)

Suspension cells play a crucial role in many biological processes. However, compared to adherent cells, it is particularly challenging to introduce exogenous genes into suspension cells to regulate their biological functions with non-viral gene vectors, mainly due to the low cellular uptake and endosomal escape of polyplexes. Herein, to improve the interactions of polyplexes with cellular membranes, we design and synthesize highly branched poly(β-amino ester) (HPAE) via an “A2 + B4 + C2” Michael addition strategy. Results show that branching significantly increases DNA condensation of HPAE, cellular uptake and endosomal escape of HPAE/DNA polyplexes. In mast cells (MCs), HPAE exhibits up to 80-fold higher gene transfection efficiency compared to the corresponding linear poly(β-amino ester) (LPAE) and the leading commercial gene transfection reagents PEI25k, jetPEI, and Lipofectamine 3000, without causing obvious cytotoxicity. Our study establishes a reliable non-viral platform for efficient gene transfection of suspension cells.