周期极化铌酸锂波长转换器脉冲抽运时的波形畸变

理论分析了周期性结构的LiNbO3晶体(PPLN)光波导在脉冲光抽运时的级联二阶非线性效应,并通过数值计算得到了抽运、倍频、信号及转换四个光脉冲的波形在波导中的演化。研究表明,使用脉冲光抽运时,由于抽运光脉冲与倍频光脉冲之间的群速度失配导致的走离,将使倍频光脉冲产生展宽;再通过差频转换使得转换光脉冲产生了波形畸变和峰值偏移。最后通过实验验证了转换光脉冲的波形畸变。     

基于PPLN波导中倍频与差频效应的全光波长转换

对准相位匹配的铌酸锂光波导中基于倍频与差频级联二阶非线性效应的全光波长转换进行了研究.在建立理论模型的基础上,分别对单脉冲以及序列光脉冲的波长转换过程进行了数值模拟,并对转换过程中的走离现象以及脉冲延迟进行了分析.模拟结果表明信号光与抽运光脉冲非同步输入的情况下可以克服走离效应的影响,得到更好的转换效率.另外,在抽运时钟脉冲的驱动下,输入的40 Gb/s的NRZ信号光可以转换为RZ转换光,且波形较好.     

在周期性极化铌酸锂波导中的波长转换与光谱分析

实验研究了在准相位匹配LiNbO₃波导中级联的倍频和差频波长转换,通过对转换频谱分析和波形对比分析,讨论了在脉冲泵浦情况下走离效应对光脉冲之间波长转换的影响：由于波导的色散性能,不同波长的光脉冲在波导中传播具有不同的群速度,处在0.8 μm光波段的倍频光脉冲比处在1.55 μm光波段的泵浦光脉冲的传播速度慢,导致了倍频光脉冲与泵浦光脉冲在传播的过程中发生走离;因此倍频脉冲在频域被压缩而在时域被展宽,并遗传给差频过程使得转换脉冲的谱宽变窄、脉宽增加、占空比变大,表明脉冲光泵浦波长转换对信号频谱及波形不是严格透明的转换。实验同时实现了一对多通道的波长转换,表明连续控制光的线宽对转换信号的信噪比有较大的影响。     

单到单和单到双信道皮秒脉冲全光波长转换的实验研究

基于周期极化反转铌酸锂（PPLN）光波导级联倍频和差频（SHG+DFG）的二阶非线性效应,提出并实验研究了皮秒脉冲的可调谐波长转换以及单信道到双信道的波长转换.信号光采用重复频率为40 GHz,脉宽为1.57 ps的脉冲信号.连续抽运光由光纤环形腔激光器（FRL）提供.不同于传统的SHG+DFG型波长转换,信号光固定在PPLN光波导倍频过程的准相位匹配（QPM）波长处,通过调节抽运光的波长实现了转换空闲光的可调谐输出.当使用两个抽运光时实验观察到了单信道到双信道的波长转换.     

新型双环腔结构可调谐全光波长转换器的实验研究

利用周期性畴反转铌酸锂光波导级联和频与差频的二阶非线性效应，提出并实验验证了一种新颖的基于无源光波导双环腔结构的可调谐全光波长转换方案，实现了皮秒脉冲从信号光波长到空闲光波长的转换.采取的脉冲信号光脉宽为1.57ps，重复频率为40GHz，抽运光和控制光由双环腔激光器提供，无需任何外界注入连续光. 关键词： 全光波长转换器 双环腔 周期性畴反转铌酸锂 级联和频与差频二阶非线性效应     

基于倍频波长转换中走离效应产生多个脉冲的研究

利用倍频光与泵浦光脉冲之间的走离效应,通过在周期性极化的LiNbO3波导中间增加两段未被极化的波导,1.55 μm波段的泵浦脉冲在极化的波导部分产生0.77 μm波段的倍频光,在未被极化的部分不产生倍频光,形成了三个被间隔开来的倍频子脉冲.通过差频将三个倍频子脉冲还原成1.55 μm波段的三个差频脉冲,实现了用一个泵浦脉冲产生三个转换脉冲.用数值模拟计算展示脉冲的产生及其演化过程,并讨论了用LiNbO3波导参量控制脉冲特征参量的方法.     

基于PPLN光波导和频与差频级联型全光波长转换的研究

介绍了基于准相位匹配周期极化反转铌酸锂光波导的和频与差频(SFG DFG)级联型全光波长转换技术的基本原理.计算了SFG DFG级联型波长转换的转换效率,分析了抽运光功率以及两个抽运光之间的间距对转换效率的影响,抽运光功率越大,转换效率越高;转换效率随着间距的增大先增大后减小.单抽运调节时的抽运带宽为0.5 nm,同时对信号光脉冲还有压缩作用,压缩比是0.68.     

准相位匹配级联二阶非线性全光波长转换研究

对基于级联和频差频非线性效应铌酸锂光波导新型全光波长转换器进行了理论研究。这种新型波长变换器需要两束抽运光源,它将输入的抽运光波长置于信号光波段窗口的两边,抽运光波长与信号光波长相近容易实现最佳耦合又不会占用信号波段,而且具有偏振不敏感的优点。从建立级联和频差频铌酸锂光波导全光波长转换器的理论模型出发,给出了波导中光相互作用的耦合模方程;利用逐步法详细推导了耦合模方程的解,得出了物理意义清晰的转换光功率表达式,分析了非线性晶体相互作用长度、抽运光功率对转换效率的影响,为级联和频差频铌酸锂光波导全光波长转换器优化设计提供了理论依据。     

基于光纤环形腔激光器的可调谐全光波长转换器的研究

在光纤环形腔激光器中引入周期极化反转铌酸锂(PPLN)光波导，用该激光器产生的连续光作为抽运光和控制光，使其与外加的信号光发生非线性效应实现可调谐波长转换.介绍了基于准相位匹配的PPLN光波导中的和频与差频级联型全光波长转换器的基本原理.对抽运光、信号光、控制光以及转换光的光功率随着PPLN光波导的变化进行了模拟.还对转换效率随着转换光波长的变化进行了数值计算.实验验证了该波长转换器的可调谐性. 关键词： 周期极化反转铌酸锂 和频与差频 可调谐全光波长转换 光纤环形腔激光器     

基于周期极化反转铌酸锂光波导高速非归零码到归零码的转换

研究了基于周期极化反转铌酸锂光波导级联二阶非线性效应实现非归零码到归零码高速全光码型转换的新方案,使用的是马赫-曾德尔干涉仪结构.转换原理是非归零码信号光在级联倍频和差频过程中受到的放大作用引起马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的不平衡,进而通过干涉相消产生归零码信号光输出.首先从耦合波方程出发,数值模拟了非归零码到归零码码型转换过程.然后分析了波导长度、光功率、相对时延对消光比的影响并对码型转换进行了优化设计.最后分析了转换带宽,模拟计算表明信号光在90nm的3dB带宽内可调谐,进而可以实现多信道的同时转换. 关键词： 码型转换 级联倍频和差频 周期极化反转铌酸锂 马赫-曾德尔干涉仪     

超声多波聚焦及声偏振方向控制方法*

在超声多波聚焦思想的基础上,通过数值模拟计算,分析了时间反转法的多波聚焦特性以及对声场偏振方向进行控制的可行性。结果表明,在待测目标的不同位置处,时间反转法都能够实现多波聚焦的效果,使具有不同传播速度、不同偏振特性的多种声波自适应聚焦。但是,在介质的近表面处,由于受到表面波的影响,多波聚焦声场仍然具有椭圆偏振特性,无法实现声场偏振方向精确控制的目的;而位于介质内部的多波聚焦点受到表面波影响很小,数值计算结果表明此时多波聚焦声场具有线偏振特性,通过改变声源前后两个脉冲的激发幅度和相位,可以控制声场的偏振方向,达到偏振方向扫描的目的。该文的研究为精确检测裂纹方向或界面性质提供一种可能的途径。     

Generation of THz radiation using bulk, periodically and aperiodically poled lithium niobate – Part 1: Theory

Optical rectification of femtosecond pulses in nonlinear materials is an efficient method to generate ultra short terahertz (THz) pulses over a wide frequency range extending from 100 GHz to well above 10 THz. Lithium niobate is particularly well suited for such purposes and can be used both in bulk and periodically poled forms. Different optical techniques for the generation of THz pulses are presented and compared theoretically. The whole discussion is performed for the interaction of gaussian beams using the radiating antenna approach that takes into account the diffraction of the THz wave, and therefore may predict the THz emission in a direction that differs from the optical pulse propagation. PACS 42.65.Ky; 42.70.Mp; 42.72.Ai     

Nonstationary intracavity stimulated raman scattering by polaritons

Stimulated Raman scattering by polaritons when employing a nonlinear crystal inside the cavity of the laser with Q-switching and locked to fundamental frequency was theoretically studied. The equations were formulated describing the dynamics of the fundamental, Stokes and polariton waves under the assumption of instant Q-switching and uniformity of radiation except in the longitudinal direction. Numerical solutions of the equations were found and analysed. We demonstrate the influence, on generation characteristics, of the most important parameters, such as the effective nonlinearity, the initial level of population inversion, the feedback of the Stokes wave and the group mismatch between a Stokes and a pump wave. Optimum generation conditions are determined. Possibilities of the method are discussed for the generation of a) giant pulses which are controllable with regard to carrier frequency and duration but are unachievable with other methods, b) Stokes pulses of very small duration and high energy having sharp trailing edges, and c) analogous polariton pulses in the middle and far infrared range. The generation using a number of polariton branches in LiNbO₃ was considered as an example. Calculations are in qualitative agreement with experimental data.     

On the third harmonic generation in a medium with negative pump wave refraction

The propagation of the pump and its third harmonic pulses in a cubically nonlinear medium is considered theoretically, provided that the linear properties of the medium are characterized by a negative refractive index at the pump frequency and a positive refractive index at the harmonic frequency. For low-intensity interacting waves, the pump and third harmonic pulses propagate in opposite directions, but sufficiently intense pulses can produce a simulton—a solitary two-frequency wave that propagates in a certain direction as a single whole. The system of equations is investigated numerically for a model that, apart from the harmonic generation, includes the second-order group velocity dispersion and the nonlinear self- and cross-phase modulations of the interacting waves. The separation of the pump and harmonic pulses due to the difference in the directions of their group velocities and peculiarities of the Manley-Rowe relation for parametric processes in metamedia are discussed.     

Tilted-pulse second-harmonic beam analysis for femtosecond to subnanosecond laser pulse-duration measurements

The possibility of extending the second-harmonic beam (SHB) method proposed originally for picosecond and subpicosecond pulse-duration measurements to the femtosecond region is pointed out. This can be achieved by introducing a differential time delay of the pulse wave front corresponding to a tilting of the pulse in the direction other than that applied by Wyatt and Marinero, and also by Saltiel et al., who achieved extensions towards the subnanosecond region. The solution of the wave equations for noncollinear second-harmonic generation in the case of arbitrarily tilted pulses has been carried out. Simple formulae valid from the subnanosecond to the femtosecond region are presented.     

VUV超短脉冲的产生及其在超快动力学中的应用

真空紫外超短脉冲激光具有波长短、单光子能量高、脉宽小等特点,在飞秒化学以及超快动力学等方面具有相当广泛的应用前景.由于直接利用受激辐射获得真空紫外超短脉冲是相当困难,因此利用非线性频率转换技术,超短脉冲与惰性气体相互作用,将红外、可见或紫外光波段的超短脉冲转换到真空紫外波段是目前获得紫外超短脉冲最快捷有效的方式.围绕真空紫外超短脉冲的产生及其在超短动力学中应用展开,介绍了产生真空紫外超短脉冲的高斯谐波、空心光纤四波混频和光丝四波混频的方法,对其优缺点作了评述,并对真空紫外超短脉冲激光在超快动力学过程中的应用进行了简单的总结.     

Spatial control of recollision wave packets with attosecond precision

We propose orthogonally polarized two-color laser pulses to steer tunneling electrons with attosecond precision around the ion core. We numerically demonstrate that the angles of birth and recollision, the recollision energy, and the temporal structure of the recolliding wave packet can be controlled without stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase of the laser, and that the wave packet's properties can be described by classical relations for a point charge. This establishes unique mapping between parameters of the laser field and attributes of the recolliding wave packet. The method is capable of probing ionic wave packet dynamics with attosecond resolution from an adjustable direction and might be used as an alternative to aligning molecules. Shaping the properties of the recollision wave packet by controlling the laser field may also provide new routes for improvement of attosecond pulse generation via high harmonic radiation.     

Thermoacoustic Method for Detection of Powerful Microwave Pulses

We propose a method for detection of the envelope of a microwave nanosecond pulse, which is based on the effect of generation of sound pulses resulting from absorption of electromagnetic waves. We show that to reproduce exactly the envelope shape of a short microwave pulse, it is necessary that the wave be absorbed in a layer of thickness much less than the product of the sound speed and the pulse duration. In searching for conditions ensuring this, we study the process of thermoacoustic generation in thin metal films deposited on quartz substrates. Measurements performed at a wavelength of 8 mm show that the absorption coefficient is maximum if the aluminum-film thickness is 22–25 Å. The maximum absorption coefficient amounts to 49% if the wave is incident from the quartz-substrate side. It is important that in this case, the wave reflection coefficient does not exceed 44%, whereas an aluminum plate reflects almost completely (99.8%) the incident-wave power. The phenomena observed in thin metal films are explained theoretically in terms of the anomalous skin effect. An experimental setup for a study of generation of ultrasonic signals by powerful microwave pulses is described.     

水滴烧蚀多脉冲激光推进性能

 用实时的推力测试方法研究了水滴烧蚀模式多脉冲TEA CO2激光推进的推进性能。用纹影法研究了伴随水滴烧蚀产生的激波等流场变化过程。多脉冲激光推进的比冲和冲量耦合系数等性能参数随激光脉冲重复频率的变小和脉冲数目的增加而逐渐下降。与激光传输相反和相同方向的激波传播最大速度分别为10 km/s和7 km/s。与纹影法结果同步获得的推力曲线表明：汽化过程对推力的形成过程贡献最大,激波也对推力的形成过程有一定贡献。     

Conditions for the translational vibratory motion of small objects under the action of pulses of various shapes

It is theoretically shown that the translational wave-induced movement of a small (compared to the wavelength) object is possible even when the time-average force on it is zero. In this case, the object moves, oscillating in the forward and backward directions. The predominant motion of the object in a given direction is found to require the optimum choice of a carrier-wave phase with respect to the leading edge of the wave pulses. A substantial feature of this wave transport mechanism is the possibility of inversion of the object motion direction by merely changing the phase shift and retaining the previous direction of wave propagation. The transport of an object under the action of pulses with various envelope shapes is studied. The undesirable backward motion of the object with respect to the main forward direction is found to decrease for an exponential envelope; when this envelope is optimized, the backward motion is completely eliminated.