云当归与土壤中微量元素的测定及其相关性分析

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法对云当归以及土壤中11种微量元素进行了分析.结果显示,土壤中微量元素的含量依次为Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞Fe＞Mg＞Mn＞Ni＞Cr＞ Cd＞ As＞ Hg;云当归中Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn中含量较高,而As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Hg等元素中含量相对较低,均低于药典标准.土壤中As与Cr、Pb与Zn存在极显著正相关(r=0.785,0.808);Mn与Cr存在极显著负相关(r=-0.733),As与Cu存在显著负相关(r=-0.631).云当归中Fe与Ni极显著正相关(r=0.731),Cd与Cu极显著负相关(r＝-0.714);Zn与Hg显著相关(r=0.655),Ni与As、Fe与Pb、Fe与Cd显著负相关(r=-0.658,-0.637,-0.673).云当归与土壤中的As存在显著相关(r=0.707).     

丹-锡高速公路两侧土壤中重金属元素污染的测定与评价（英文）

论文对丹-锡高速公路两旁土壤中重金属Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Fe、Ni和Mn元素的含量进行了采样调查。分别用单项污染指数、内梅罗指数和地累积指数对土壤中重金属元素的污染状况进行了评价。结果表明:高速公路两旁栽种防护林对土壤重金属污染起到一定的防护作用。随着距路基中心距离的增加,土壤pH值变化范围不大,土壤略呈弱酸性,土壤中Pb、Zn、Mn、Cd和Cu的含量呈现下降的趋势,Fe、Cr、Ni的含量在距路基10~30m范围内略有增加。公路两侧土壤中Pb含量超过背景值,但没有引起污染,Zn、Cr和Cd含量处于轻度到中度污染。土壤中Pb、Cd、Zn、Fe和Cu来自于同一类污染源。     

湖南长沙城市土壤地质环境综合评价

对长沙市土壤重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As污染现状进行了调查与评价。结果表明,长沙市110个样本中总体Cd、Cr污染程度已经属于重污染,Zn、As属于中污染,Cu、Pb、Hg属于轻度污染;不同母岩类型土壤中泥盆纪砂页岩、新生代沉积物、花岗岩的重金属含量较高。     

新疆喀什市农田土壤重金属特征分析

目的对新疆喀什市农田土壤重金属特征进行分析,方法采用火焰原子分光光度计测定土壤中的重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Ni。结果农田土壤在不同深度土层的重金属Cr、Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn含量分布规律均为0~20 cm土层20~40 cm土层40~60 cm土层,即在土壤表层聚集。结论棉田土壤的Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn的含量均高于小麦土壤,且Cd含量略高于土壤背景值。     

煎煮对几种特色南药中重金属元素含量和形态影响

考察了几种特色南药中重金属(Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sr,Zn)的含量状况,并采用形态连续萃取法分析重金属在药材中的形态分布,研究了药材煎煮时药材中重金属的释放及煎煮过程对药材中重金属形态分布的影响。结果表明,几种南药中Cr,Pb,Zn的含量较高,且巴戟天中的重金属总量高于限量标准;原药材中Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb和Zn主要存在于有机态和残留态,Fe和Sr主要存在于残留态。煎煮使南药中大量重金属迁移到药汤中;药汤中Cu,Mn,Cr,Pb和Zn主要来自于其在药材中的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和有机态,而药汤中Sr,Ni和Fe不仅包含其非残留态,更多来自于它们的残留态。为减少药汤中重金属,对于Cu,Mn,Cr,Pb和Zn既要控制在药材中的总量,且需降低它们在药材中的非残留态含量;对于Fe,Ni和Sr则主要是控制其在药材中的总量。     

万宁小海表层沉积物中重金属物质的空间分布特征及生态风险分析

为了解万宁小海海域表层沉积物重金属污染状况,2020年5月在小海潟湖采集18个沉积物样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定5种重金属含量,采用原子荧光光度计测定总汞和砷,并分析归纳出重金属分布特征。采用Hakanson的潜在生态风险指数法识别小海表层沉积物潜在生态风险程度,以及运用富集系数和地累积法进一步评价小海表层沉积物重金属的污染程度。结果表明：Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As含量平均值分别为7.26 mg/kg、27.08 mg/kg、75.06 mg/kg、0.16 mg/kg、38.43 mg/kg、0.054 mg/kg、4.66 mg/kg,均符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准。7种元素的潜在生态风险程度依序为Hg＞Cd＞Pb＞As＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn,其中Hg和Cd为主要潜在生态危害因子,其综合潜在生态风险等级已达到中等级风险;富集系数评价和地质累积系数评价污染程度依次为：Cd＞Hg＞Pb＞Zn＞Cr＞As＞Cu;表层沉积物中TOC 含量与 Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd 和 Cr 含量具存在显著正相关,与粒度呈一定的负相关。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定正山小种红茶中18种微量元素

采用微波消解样品,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定正山小种红茶中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Al、Zn、Mn、Cu、Ge、Cd、Cr、Ni、Se、Mo、Hg、As和Pb 18种元素。对于所测元素校准曲线的相关系数0.9990,回收率范围为90.1%～108.1%,相对标准偏差为1.54%～7.57%。正山小种红茶中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Al、Zn、Mn、Cu、Ge、Cd、Cr、Ni、Se、Mo、Hg、As和Pb 18种元素可用ICP-MS法同时测定,方法简便、快速、准确,灵敏度高。     

Determination of the Content of Trace Elements in Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff

采用高分辨全谱直读电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定了羊红膻(Pimpinella thellungiana Wolff)药材地上与地下不同部位中含Cu、K、Na、Fe、Se、Mg、As、Ca、Cd、Cr、Mn、Ni、P、Pb和Zn等15种微量元素含量,并进行了比较.结果表明,重金属As和Pb几乎检测不到,K含量均高;同时也为羊红膻药理作用及临床用药提供科学依据.     

食用菌中微量元素分析及营养价值与食品安全评价

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,测定香菇、金针菇、白玉菇、杏鲍菇和茶树菇5种食用菌中必需微量元素(Mg、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Se、Sr)和有害元素(As、Cd、Pb)的含量。以微量元素为指标,评价5种食用菌的营养价值和食用安全性。结果表明,5种食用菌均含有丰富Mg、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn,及少量V、Co、Ni、Se、Sr、As、Cd和Pb,且重金属As、Cd和Pb含量均低于国家标准(GB7096-2003)中关于食用菌规定的总量,食用安全。统计回归分析表明,香菇与其它4种食用菌同属真菌,因此微量元素含量相关系数R0.6,但P值均大于0.05,说明微量元素含量因科属的不同而有较大差异,但影响不显著。     

ICP-OES法测成都市三环内表层土壤13种金属元素含量

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法同时测定成都市三环内表层土壤13种金属元素含量与分布.研究显示,重金属元素As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn平均含量分别为24.3mg/kg,154.0 mg/kg,32.8 mg/kg,31.4 mg/kg,64.9 mg/kg,165.1 mg/kg.Mn、Mo、Fe平均含量分别为400.1 mg/kg,10.7 mg/kg,18911 mg/kg.Sr 74.0 mg/kg、Sb 4.9 mg/kg、Co 13.7 mg/kg、Sc 5.9 mg/kg.采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法来评价土壤重金属污染程度,并针对表层土壤金属污染状况进行了讨论.     

Uptake,Translocation, and Bioaccumulation of Elements in Forest Nettle (Laportea alatipes)

Elements found in the edible parts of plants are considered to be the main source of nutrients for humans and animals. However, there is insufficient information on the relationship between heavy metal pollution in the growing soil of most edible plants. In this study, the distribution of elements in the edible forest nettle (Laportea alatipes) was evaluated as a function of geographical location. Forest land soils had higher concentrations of minor elements (Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn) compared to soils from rural and suburban areas. Translocation factors for Cd and Pb showed effective translocation from the roots to the leaves; however, these heavy metals in leaves were still above South African maximum permissible levels for vegetables. Atmospheric depositions may play a significant role in higher Cd and Pb concentrations in the leaves. Bioaccumulation factors showed the plant to accumulate Cu, Mn, and Zn to meet physiological requirement levels. Geoaccumulation indices and enrichment factors showed no soil contamination or minimal enrichment by trace metals. Principal component analysis showed Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soil to originate from a common source which may be soil silicates and other minerals.     

Elemental Analysis of Edible Mountain Nettle (Obetia tenax) and the Influence of Soil on Its Chemical Composition

In developing countries, the dietary intake of essential elements is largely dependent on the consumption of edible fruits and leafy vegetables. The distribution of elements in the indigenous edible plant, Obetia tenax (mountain nettle), was investigated as a function of soil quality from eight sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The results show concentrations of elements in the leaves to be in decreasing order of Ca?>?Mg?>?Fe?>?Mn?>?Zn?>?Cr?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Pb?>?Co?>?As?>?Cd?>?Se, and in the stems and roots to be in decreasing order of Ca?>?Mg?>?Fe?>?Mn?>?Zn?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?As?>?Pb?>?Co?>?Cd?>?Cr?>?Se. The quality and pollution status of soil was evaluated by geoaccumulation indices and enrichment factors, which indicated moderate cadmium contamination at the Msinga location that was confirmed by the pollution index and ecological risk levels of single-factor pollution. An assessment of overall contamination of soil using Nemerow pollution index showed moderate pollution by cadmium, while the potential toxicity index indicated low-grade risk for all elements at all sites. Principal component and cluster analysis revealed two groups of elements with similarities, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Fe, suggesting a lithogenic source and an anthropogenic source for Pb and Zn. Correlation analysis showed significantly positive correlations between As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni/Cd in the soil, confirming the elements’ common origin.     

石荠苧不同药用部位总黄酮及微量元素含量的测定

采用分光光度法测定了石荠芋不同药用部位总黄酮的含量,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定了其中微量元素的含量。结果表明,叶中总黄酮含量最高,根次之,茎最少;根、茎、叶中均含有Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Co等多种人体必需的微量元素,其中Fe含量最高,且叶中明显高于根、茎;3个部位均未检出有害重金属As,而Hg、Pb含量均未超标。该结果可为石荠芋不同药用部位的利用和药材的开发提供科学依据。     

白族长寿地区硬果仁中19种元素的测定分析

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP－AES）,对云南省白族长寿区的葵花子仁、麻子仁和核桃仁中的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、AI、B、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mo、Sr、Mn、Cr、Se、Ge、Cd、Pb、As等19种元素进行了测定分析。结果表明,3种硬果仁中含有丰富的人体必需的Ca、Mg、P、S、Na、Fe、Zn、Mn、Se、Cu、Cr、Sr、Mo等有益元素,且P、Mg、S、Ca、Na、Zn、Mn、Fe、Se的含量较高。这些生命元素在3种硬果仁中的含量存在差异。有害元素Cd、Pb均未检出,核桃仁中As含量较高。硬果仁中富含这些生命元素是该地区老人健康长寿的一个重要原因。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定紫斑牡丹胚乳和胚中矿物质元素

为了给离体体细胞胚的人工胚乳配制提供矿物质元素种类和数量方面的参考,用浓硝酸-高氯酸(4∶1)的混合溶液消解紫斑牡丹的胚乳和胚样品,采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了样品中的(K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Li、Ni、B、Ag、Cd、Pb)14种矿物质元素含量。结果表明:各元素的校准曲线的回归系数在0.9990～0.9999之间,线性良好;方法精密度高,能多元素同时分析;紫斑牡丹胚乳和胚中均含有植物生长必需的K、Ca、Mg 3种大量元素,Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni、B 6种微量元素,1种有益元素Na,及Li和Pb,Ag、Cd则未被检测到。在被检测到的12种元素中,Mg、Zn、Mn、Fe、K、Na、Li与Ni 8种元素在胚乳中的含量低于胚中的含量,Ca、Cu、Pb与B在胚乳中的含量则高于胚中的含量。     

藏药材铁棒锤的微量元素含量分析

目的研究藏药材铁棒锤的微量元素含量。方法使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICPMS)测定藏药材铁棒锤药材中As、Hg、Pb、Cd含量,使用原子吸收光谱仪(火焰法、石墨炉法)测定药材中Zn、Mn、Cr、Fe、Ca、K、Cu元素的含量并进行分析。结果铁棒锤中有害元素As、Hg、Pb、Cd含量较低,Cu、Fe等有益元素含量较高。结论藏药材铁棒锤有丰富的微量元素,具有较高的开发利用价值。     

Assessing spatial distribution,sources, and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Nansi Lake,Eastern China

The study is conducted to investigate the spatial distribution, sources and ecological risk of seven heavy metals in surface sediments of Nansi Lake, Eastern China. A total of 29 samples were collected in surface sediments of Nansi Lake, and were analyzed for three nutrients (TN, TOC and TP), two major metals (Al and Fe), as well as seven trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn). The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, Fe and Al were 14.41, 0.22, 71.10, 30.1, 0.048, 29.14, 90.2, 30,816 and 70,653 mg kg^?1, respectively, and the mean contents of these metals were higher than the background values with the exception of Cu and Fe. The spatial distribution indicated that the contents of all seven heavy metals were characterized by relatively higher contents in the upper lake than the lower lake. The hotspots with high values of As, Cd and Hg were associated with the river mouths, and the hotspots of Pb were mainly located around the dam in the central part, while no significant associations were displayed between spatial distribution of Cr, Cu, Zn and the river mouths. The mean enrichment factor (EF) values of As, Cd, Hg and Pb were 2.03, 2.93, 3.21 and 2.18, respectively, showing their moderate enrichment, while Cr, Cu and Zn with mean EF values of 1.19, 0.89 and 1.01 were deficiency to minimal enrichment. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses suggested that PC1 controlled by Cr, Cu and Zn was a lithogenic component, and come from parent rocks leaching. PC2 including Cd and partially Hg represented the factor from industrial wastewater discharge. PC3 showed elevated loadings of As and partially Cd, and could be attributed to the agricultural practices. While PC4 including Pb and partially Hg, was dominated by coal combustion. The results of potential ecological risk suggested that sediment environment of Nansi Lake suffered from high ecological risk.     

Pb, Cu和Zn在自然水体生物膜中铁/锰氧化物等组分上的富集规律

用选择性萃取法萃取天然基质采集的生物膜中的铁/锰氧化物, 考察生物膜上铁/锰氧化物对水体中Pb, Cu及Zn的富集作用. 结果表明, 锰氧化物对生物膜富集Pb起主要作用, 而铁氧化物和除铁/锰氧化物以外的以有机质为主的其它组分的作用很小; 膜上其它组分对Cu的富集贡献较大, 锰氧化物的贡献与铁氧化物的接近; 锰氧化物对Zn的富集贡献最大, 铁氧化物和其它组分的贡献比较接近. 锰氧化物对Pb, Cu及Zn的富集能力分别高于铁氧化物的富集能力, 铁氧化物和锰氧化物对3种金属富集能力的大小顺序分别是Zn>Cu>Pb和Zn>Pb≥Cu.     

Ionomic profiling of Nicotiana langsdorffii wild-type and mutant genotypes exposed to abiotic stresses

To provide a new insight into the response of plants to abiotic stresses, the ionomic profiles of Nicotiana langsdorffii specimens have been determined before and after exposure to toxic metals (chromium) or drought conditions. The plants were genetically transformed with the rat glucocorticoid receptor (GR) or the gene for Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC, because these modifications are known to produce an imbalance in phytohormone equilibria and a significant change in the defence response of the plant. Elemental profiles were obtained by developing and applying analytical procedures based on inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometry (ICP–AES/MS). In particular, the removal of isobaric interferences affecting the determination of Cr and V by ICP–MS was accomplished by use of a dynamic reaction cell, after optimization of the relevant conditions. The combined use of ICP atomic emission and mass spectrometry enabled the determination of 29 major and trace elements (Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Eu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, Pt, Rb, S, Sb, Sn, Sr, Te, V, W, Y, and Zn) in different parts of the plants (roots, stems, and leaves), with high accuracy and precision. Multivariate data processing and study of element distribution patterns provided new information about the ionomic response of the target organism to chemical treatment or water stress. Genetic modification mainly affected the distribution of Bi, Cr, Mo, Na, and S, indicating that these elements were involved in biochemical processes controlled by the GR or rolC genes. Chemical stress strongly affected accumulation of several elements (Ba, Ca, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sn, Te, V, and Zn) in different ways; for Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Na, and P the effect was quite similar to that observed in other studies after treatment with other transition elements, for example Cu and Cd. The effect of water deficit was less evident, mainly consisting in a decrease of Ba, Cr, Na, and Sr in roots.

常见茶叶中14种元素含量分析及重金属风险评价

采集传统名茶地标产品样品各3种为实验样品,通过ICP-OES和ICP-MS对样品进行K、Ca、Mg、Mn、B、Cu、Fe、Ni、Zn、Cr、Co、Cd、As、Pb等14种元素的含量测定。利用单因素方差分析、主成分分析、污染评价等方法,对茶叶无机元素含量进行分析和污染评价,并对污染来源进行了研究。结果表明,不同产地茶叶样品中的K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe等元素含量差异较大;食品及茶叶安全限量元素Cd、Cr、Pb、As等实测值均未超过国家标准限值;部分元素之间具有正相关性,如Cu与Cd, Cu与Ni, As与Ni两两之间关联性较强;从主成分分析看出Cu、Cd、As和Ni为PC1代表因子,K和Fe分别为PC2和PC3的代表因子,PC1主要代表了金属冶炼、工业排放和垃圾焚烧等方面的贡献,PC2和PC3分别代表了肥料施放和茶叶加工等方面的贡献。