苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物增容Nylon-6/ABS共混体系的形态和力学性能

通过熔融共混法制备了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)增容的尼龙6(Nylon-6)/ABS共混物.采用TEM、SEM、FTIR等研究了SMA增容的Nylon-6/ABS共混物的相形态与性能.发现在Nylon-6和ABS的简单共混体系中,分散相易聚集,相界面清晰,断裂面光滑,呈脆性断裂,相容性差.加入少量SMA后,共混物由共连续相结构转变为典型的"海-岛"结构,分散相分布均匀,界面粘接程度增加,表明SMA对Nylon-6/ABS体系有显著的增容效果.     

SMA、OMMT对PA6/ABS共混物聚集态结构及性能影响的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段研究了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)、有机蒙脱土(OMMT)对尼龙6(PA6)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)共混物体系聚集态结构及性能的影响.结果表明,SMA与OMMT的加入均可提高PA6/ABS共混物体系的强度及模量,但加入OMMT后共混物的韧性有所下降,而PA6/ABS/SMA共混物的韧性随SMA含量的增加呈上升趋势.SMA、OMMT对PA6/ABS共混体系都有细化ABS分散相的作用,随SMA加入量的增加,ABS分散相尺寸逐渐减小,分布趋于均匀;当OMMT加入量在4 phr以内时,对ABS分散相粒径影响不大,超过4 phr后,随着OMMT含量的增加,ABS分散相的尺寸逐渐减小.XRD与TEM的分析结果表明,对PA6/OMMT(100/5)共混物,OMMT主要以剥离形态分布,同时也存在少量OMMT聚集体;PA6/ABS/OMMT共混物中OMMT则基本以剥离形态选择分布在PA6基体相中.     

POE-g-PMAH反应性增容PA1010/PP共混物的性能研究

乙烯-辛烯共聚物-g-聚马来酸酐(POE-g-PMAH)作为反应性增容剂,采用熔体共混的方法制备了PA1010/PP共混物,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和示差扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了POE-g-PMAH对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用.结果表明,POE-g-PMAH的加入可以减小共混物的相区尺寸,当PA1010/PP/POE-g-PMAH=70/30/15时,分散相尺寸小而均匀;FTIR结果表明接枝在POE上的马来酸酐基团和PA1010在熔融共混期间发生了化学反应;DSC研究结果表明共混体系中PA1010和PP的结晶温度和结晶度随POE-g-PMAH的加入而降低,表明POE-g-PMAH的增容作用对PA1010和PP的结晶有抑制作用.力学性能测试结果表明随着POE-g-PMAH的增加,共混物的冲击强度逐渐增加,当POE-g-PMAH含量增加到15%时,干态冲击强度达到21.13 kJ/m2,是不加增容剂的3.1倍,而拉伸和弯曲强度可以保持较高水平.POE-g-PMAH的增容机理在于其支链中的马来酸酐能与PA1010中的胺基(NH2—)发生化学反应,而主链POE与PP有较好的亲和性,从而降低界面张力,减少相区尺寸,大幅度提高力学性能.     

剪切作用下马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物和乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用比较

采用熔体共混的方法制备了两种增容剂增容的聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯(PA1010/PP)共混物,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能和差示扫描量热(DSC)测试,对动态保压注射成型(动态)和普通注射成型(静态)中增容剂POE-g-MAH(马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物)和PTW(乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物)对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用进行了比较研究.研究结果表明,普通注射成型中,PTW增容体系具有更小的分散相粒子,在DSC测试中出现两个结晶峰,即出现异相成核结晶和均相成核结晶,具有更好的拉伸和冲击性能,增容作用更佳.动态保压注射成型中施加剪切可以提高所有共混物的拉伸强度、拉伸模量和缺口冲击强度,PTW和POE-g-MAH两种增容剂增容体系冲击性能相近,但POE-g-MAH增容体系的分散相相区尺寸减小明显、分布均匀性显著增加,材料冲击强度增加幅度更大,表明剪切更有利于POE-g-MAH增容作用的进行.两种增容剂增容作用的不同源于它们化学组成的不同引起的材料形态差别.     

间规聚苯乙烯/尼龙6/磺化间规聚苯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究

以磺化间规聚苯乙烯（SsPS)为增容剂，将间规聚苯乙烯（sPS)和尼龙6／改性蒙脱土纳米复合物（PA6－MTA）共混，得到综合性能优良的新型多组分聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料（sPS/PA6/SsPS/MTA)。用DSC、DMA、WAXD及力学性能测试仪研究了纳米复合材料的结构与性能。TEM测定证明了蒙脱土在基体中的层厚分布为10－50nm。     

PTW对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用

为了增加聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯(PA1010/PP)共混物的相容性,提高共混物的力学性能,采用一种新型的反应型增容剂乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(PTW)进行增容,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和差示扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了PTW对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用.结果表明,随着PTW的加入,共混物的相区尺寸明显变小,当PA1010/PP/PTW质量比为70∶30∶7时,分散相尺寸细小而均匀,表明PTW有较好的增容作用.FTIR结果表明,PTW上的环氧基团和PA1010在熔融共混中发生了化学反应.DSC研究结果表明,PA1010的结晶温度随PTW的加入而降低,说明PTW对PA1010结晶有抑制作用.另外,PTW的加入使PP的结晶温度下降,当PTW质量分数为5%时出现2个结晶峰,即出现异相成核结晶和均相成核结晶,PP均相成核结晶的出现从另一个方面说明,在PA1010基体中分散相PP尺寸非常细小.当PTW质量分数为7%时共混物的力学性能最佳,干态冲击强度达到13.93kJ/m2,是未加增容剂时的2倍,拉伸和弯曲性能基本不变.PTW的增容机理在于其分子链中的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯能与PA1010发生化学反应,而乙烯链段与PP有较好的亲和性,从而降低界面张力,减少相区尺寸,大幅度提高力学性能.     

等规聚丙烯离聚体增容聚丙烯/尼龙11共混体系研究

以碘代等规聚丙烯为大分子反应中间体,通过季胺化亲核取代反应和点击化学反应,制备了N-甲基咪唑聚丙烯离聚体(IA)和邻巯基苯胺盐酸盐聚丙烯离聚体(IB),并将其作为等规聚丙烯/生物基尼龙11 (i PP/PA11)共混体系的增容剂.通过动态力学分析(DMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和力学性能测试,对i PP/PA11/聚丙烯离聚体三元共混体系的相形态与性能进行了系统研究. DMA测试结果显示,2种聚丙烯离聚体使i PP/PA11共混体系的玻璃化转变温度Tg相互靠近;SEM结果显示,离聚体的加入使分散相粒子尺寸显著减小,两相界面作用力增加;力学性能测试表明,i PP/PA11/IA、i PP/PA11/IB三元共混体系的拉伸强度和冲击强度保持较好的水平.以上研究结果表明,IA和IB均可以显著改善i PP/PA11共混体系的相容性.     

PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6共混物结构与可纺性研究

运用DSC、SEM、纺丝成形等手段研究了增容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐 (PP g MAH)对聚丙烯 聚酰胺 6(PP PA6 )共混物结构和性能的影响 .结果表明 ,共混物呈典型海岛型两相结构 ;增容剂PP g MAH与PA6之间的在位反应改善了PP PA6共混体系的相容性 ,使共混物中PA6的热结晶峰消失 ,PP的结晶生长速率和成核速率降低 ,可纺性提高     

sPS/PA6/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

讨论了间规聚苯乙烯 (sPS) 尼龙 6(PA6) 磺化间规聚苯乙烯 (SsPS H) 蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备技术和新材料的结构与性能特征 .蒙脱土经层间改性处理后 (MTN) ,可分别将SsPS H和aPS(无规聚苯乙烯 )插入其纳米层间 ,制备出插层型纳米复合物MTN SsPS和MTN aPS .在sPS/PA6/SsPS H三组分共混体系中加入MTN SsPS或MTN aPS ,进行四组分熔融共混即可制备出sPS/PA6/SsPS H/蒙脱土纳米复合材料 .TEM测定证实了蒙脱土在基体中的层厚分布约为 5 0nm .此外 ,采用DSC、DMA、XRD及力学性能测试仪等现代分析方法对sPS/PA6/SsPS H/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能进行了详细研究 .研究结果表明这种纳米复合材料具有优良的综合性能     

PA6/HIPS/PP-g-(GMA-co-St)反应共混体系的研究

通过扫描电镜、热分析、熔体流动速率、熔融扭矩和力学性能等测试方法研究了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和苯乙烯(St)多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯[PP-g-(GMA-co-St)]对PA6/HIPS共混物的熔融流变性能、结晶行为、相形态和力学性能的影响.结果表明,在熔融共混过程中,PP-g-(GMA-co-St)中的环氧基与PA6的端氨基原位生成的接枝共聚物有效地降低了共混物的界面张力,提高了共混物的界面粘着力,使共聚物的流动速率降低,熔融扭矩提高;PA6分子链的规整性降低,结晶完善性变差.在PP-g-(GMA-co-St)的质量分数为10%时,共混物分散相的尺寸明显减少,力学性能得到较大提高;其中冲击强度超过纯PA6,达到HIPS水平.通过反应共混,制备了力学性能均衡的PA6/HIPS/PP-g-(GMA-co-St)共混物合金.     

ABS的MAH/St多单体熔融接枝及其对PA6/ABS共混体系相形态和力学性能的影响

通过多单体熔融接枝的方法制备出了具有较高接枝率的ABS接枝物 (ABS g (MAH co St) ) ,并对其接枝机理进行了初步探讨 .研究表明 ,MAH、St接枝ABS时 ,反应主要发生在ABS中聚丁二烯的双键部位 .同时 ,当MAH与St的用量比约为 1:1时接枝率达到最高 .ABS g (MAH co St)作为尼龙 6 (PA6 ) ABS共混体系相容剂起到了良好的增容效果 .实验证明 ,相容剂使用前后 ,共混物的相区尺寸由几十 μm减小到 1μm以下 ,且分布更加均匀 ;共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度等力学性能也同时得到均衡改善 .     

Maleic Anhydride Polyethylene Octene Elastomer Toughened Polyamide 6/Polypropylene Nanocomposites: Mechanical and Morphological Properties

A series of polyamide 6/polypropylene (PA6/PP) blends and nanocomposites containing 4 wt% of organophilic modified montmorillonite (MMT) were designed and prepared by melt compounding followed by injection molding. Maleic anhydride polyethylene octene elastomer (POEgMAH) was used as impact modifier as well as compatibilizer in the blend system. Three weight ratios of PA6/PP blends were prepared i.e. 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40. The mechanical properties of PA6/PP blends and nanocomposite were studied through flexural and impact properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the microstructure. The incorporation of 10 wt% POEgMAH into PA6/PP blends significantly increased the toughness with a corresponding reduction in strength and stiffness. However, on further addition of 4 wt% organoclay, the strength and modulus increased but with a sacrifice in impact strength. It was also found that the mechanical properties are a function of blend ratio with 70:30 PA6/PP having the highest impact strength, both for blends and nanocomposites. The morphological study revealed that within the blend ratio studied, the higher the PA6 content, the finer were the POEgMAH particles.     

Preparation and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of polyamide 6/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Polyamide 6 (PA6)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared via melt intercalation. The structure, mechanical properties, and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PA6/MMT nanocomposites were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), tensile and impact tests, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Before melt compounding, MMT was treated with an organic surfactant agent. XRD traces showed that PA6 crystallizes exclusively in γ‐crystalline structure within the nanocomposites. Tensile measurements showed that the MMT additions are beneficial in improving the strength and the stiffness of PA6, at the expense of tensile ductility. Impact tests revealed that the impact strength of PA6/MMT nanocomposites tended to decrease with increasing MMT content. The nonisothermal crystallization DSC data were analyzed by Avrami, Ozawa, modified Avrami‐Ozawa, and Nedkov methods. The validity of these empirical equations on the nonisothermal crystallization process of PA6/MMT nanocomposites is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2878–2891, 2004     

THE EFFECT OF BLENDING SEQUENCE ON PHASE MORPHOLOGY OF NYLON 6/ABS/SMA BLENDS

The preparation process-dependent phase morphology of blends composed of nylon 6 and acrylonitrile-butadiene- styrene(ABS)over a composition range of 30-70 wt% using a styrene-maleic anhydride(SMA)copolymer as the compatibilizing agent with a constant content(5phr)was investigated.The results of the scanning electron microscope (SEM)observation revealed that compared with the binary blends of nylon 6 and ABS,the existence of SMA caused a composition shift of phase inversion to a higher weight fraction of...     

EFFECTS OF INTERPARTICLE DISTANCE, TEMPERATURE AND INTERFACIAL ADHESION ON BRITTLE-DUCTILE TRANSITION FOR NYLON 6/ABS BLENDS

The toughness of blends composed of nylon 6 and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) compatibilized by using styrene-maleic anhydride(SMA) as a compatibilizer was measured over a wide temperature region.Results reveal that the combining effects of particle size and volume fraction of ABS on the toughness of nylon 6/ABS/SMA blends can be described through plotting brittle-ductile transition of the impact strength versus the interparticle distance(ID) on the assumption that ABS domains relieve the triaxial...     

COMPARISON OF POLYAMIDE 66/MONTMORILLONITE NANOCOMPOSITES PREPARED FROM POLYAMIDE 6 AND POLYAMIDE 66 BASED MASTER-BATCHES

Two master-batches,polyamide 66 (PA66)/organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) and polyamide 6 (PA6)/OMMT, prepared by melt compounding with methyl methacrylate (MMA) as co-intercalation agent,have been used to prepare nearly exfoliated PA661montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites.The resulting nanocomposites are compared in view of their morphology and properties.Nano-scale dispersion of OMMT is realized in both types of nanocomposites,as revealed by XRD,TEM and Molau tests.PA66/MMT nanocomposites having superior me...     

Impact fracture toughness of polyamide‐6/montmorillonite nanocomposites toughened with a maleated styrene/ethylene butylene/styrene elastomer

Polyamide‐6 (PA6)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites toughened with maleated styrene/ethylene butylene/styrene (SEBS‐g‐MA) were prepared via melt compounding. Before melt intercalation, MMT was treated with an organic surfactant agent. Tensile and impact tests revealed that the PA6/4% MMT nanocomposite fractured in a brittle mode. The effects of SEBS‐g‐MA addition on the static tensile and impact properties of PA6/4% MMT were investigated. The results showed that the SEBS‐g‐MA addition improved the tensile ductility and impact strength of the PA6/4% MMT nanocomposite at the expenses of its tensile strength and stiffness. Accordingly, elastomer toughening represents an attractive route to novel characteristics for brittle clay‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites. The essential work of fracture (EWF) approach under impact drop‐weight conditions was used to evaluate the impact fracture toughness of nanocomposites toughened with an elastomer. Impact EWF measurements indicated that the SEBS‐g‐MA addition increased the fracture toughness of the PA6/4% MMT nanocomposite. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 585–595, 2005     

An Unusual Crystallization Behavior in Polyamide 6/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

The crystallization behavior and structure of polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites containing 3 wt.‐% montmorillonite (MMT) were investigated for different cooling conditions using differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction. In sharp contrast to PA6 and other semicrystalline polymers, increased cooling rates resulted in higher crystallinity of PA6/MMT. The highest crystallinity (60.8%) occurred in the liquid nitrogen‐quenched PA6/MMT film. The results show that the γ‐crystalline form is dominant in the rapidly cooled PA6/MMT.