Thermal diffusion of sine-Gordon solitons

We analyze the diffusive motion of kink solitons governed by the thermal sine-Gordon equation. We analytically calculate the correlation function of the position of the kink center as well as the diffusion coefficient, both up to second-order in temperature. We find that the kink behavior is very similar to that obtained in the overdamped limit: There is a quadratic dependence on temperature in the diffusion coefficient that comes from the interaction among the kink and phonons, and the average value of the wave function increases with due to the variance of the centers of individual realizations and not due to kink distortions. These analytical results are fully confirmed by numerical simulations. Received 4 October 1999 and Received in final form 3 February 2000     

Internal mode dynamics in driven nonlinear Klein-Gordon systems

We study analytically and numerically the action of a constant force on the propagation of kinks in the φ⁴ and sine-Gordon systems, with and without dissipation. We specifically investigate the relation of the external force with the oscillations of the kink width due to excitation of its internal mode or quasimode. We demonstrate that both dc force and dissipation, either jointly or separately, damp the oscillations of the kink width. We further prove that, in contrast to earlier predictions, those oscillations can only arise if we use a distorted kink as initial condition for the evolution. Finally, we show that for the φ⁴ system the oscillations of the kink width come from the excitation of its internal mode, whereas in the sG equation they originate in the excitation of the lowest radiational modes and an internal mode induced by the discreteness of the numerical simulations. Received 6 June 2000     

Vibrational properties of straight dislocations in bcc and fcc metals within the harmonic approximation

We calculate the vibrational spectra of straight screw and edge dislocations in several body-centered cubic (bcc) (Mo and Fe) and face-centered cubic (fcc) (Cu and Al) metals within the harmonic approximation. We take advantage of the translational symmetry of straight dislocations to efficiently calculate their phonon eigenstates in the harmonic limit. This allows us to calculate the low-temperature contribution of straight screw and edge dislocations to the heat capacity of each respective metal, and show that the dominant temperature dependence below 5 K is linear. Comparison with heat capacity measurements of heavily cold-worked Cu reveals very good agreement with our calculations. At higher temperatures, the contribution from the non-linear terms becomes significant. As a result, maxima in the straight dislocation heat capacities are observed in the temperature range from 9% to 16% of the Debye temperature. We investigate the appearance of localized and resonance peaks in the vibrational spectra induced by dislocations, and study in detail their spatial spread around the dislocation cores by projecting vibrational eigenstates onto individual atoms. We study the deviation of these atomic-level vibrational free energies from that of the perfect crystal as a function of distance to the dislocation cores, and establish that, similar to the dislocation energy, the vibrational free energy of an isolated dislocation behaves logarithmically in the long-range limit. Finally, we obtain vibrational spectra for propagating waves along the dislocation line and find that the dispersion for these waves is consistent with the notion of kink formation and motion for screw dislocations.     

Coulomb Screening and Plasmon Excitation in Graphene at Finite Temperature

By using the random phase approximation (RPA) in many-body perturbation theory, we calculate the polarization function of the electron gas in graphene at finite temperature. Based on this, we calculate the temperature dependent dielectric function ε(q). The thermal effect on ε(q) in various q regions is discussed. The temperature dependence is found to be quadratic. We also investigate the plasmon dispersion relation at finite temperature, with the zero-temperature relation as a special case. The result is in good agreement with recent experimental data.     

The triangle diagram at finite temperature

We show that theU(1) axial anomaly does not change if we take into account the temperature in the usual triangle diagram with two vector and one pseudovector couplings. We also calculate the modifications induced by the temperature on the decay width for the π_O decaying into two photons. It turns out that the decay width increases with the temperature in such a way that the dominant contribution comes from the thermal phase space.     

Asymptotics for kink propagation in the discrete Sine-Gordon equation

The evolution of a propagating kink in a Sine-Gordon lattice is studied asymptotically using an averaged Lagrangian formulation appropriately coupled to the effect of the radiation. We find that unlike the continuum case the interaction with the Goldstone mode is important to explain the acceleration of the kink as it hops along the lattice. We develop a discrete WKB type solution to study the interaction of the kink and the radiation. In particular using this solution we show how to calculate the effect of the Peyrard and Kruskal resonant radiation in the energy loss of the kink. We obtain a set of modulation equation which explains qualitatively the evolution of the kink with remarkable quantitative agreement.     

Shape of the quantum diffusion front

We show that quantum diffusion has well-defined front shape. After an initial transient, the wave packet front (tails) is described by a stretched exponential P(x,t) = A(t)exp(-absolute value of [x/w](gamma)), with 1 < gamma < infinity, where w(t) is the spreading width which scales as w(t) approximately t(beta), with 0 < beta < or = 1. The two exponents satisfy the universal relation gamma = 1/(1-beta). We demonstrate these results through numerical work on one-dimensional quasiperiodic systems and the three-dimensional Anderson model of disorder. We provide an analytical derivation of these relations by using the memory function formalism of quantum dynamics. Furthermore, we present an application to experimental results for the quantum kicked rotor.     

Statistical properties of intermittent diffusion in chaotic systems

Intermittent diffusion arises through tangent bifurcations from drifting periodic orbits in dynamical systems. We show the existence of infinite sequences of parameter values where intermittent diffusion sets in. These sequences are found to converge geometrically and their rate of convergence is determined. In continuous-time approximations we calculate the velocity autocorrelation function, its power spectrum, and the meansquare displacement. The spectrum exhibits excess noise (^–2) at low frequencies. The mean-square displacement grows liket ² below a crossover time.Intermittent diffusion occurs e.g. in driven Josephson junctions, where the excess noise can be detected easily. We show that quantities like the disorder parameter for the transition to intermittent chaos and the diffusion coefficient can be obtained directly from the voltage power spectrum.Work supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft     

On passage through resonances in volume-preserving systems

Resonance processes are common phenomena in multiscale (slow-fast) systems. In the present paper we consider capture into resonance and scattering on resonance in 3D volume-preserving multiscale systems. We propose a general theory of those processes and apply it to a class of kinematic models inspired by viscous Taylor-Couette flows between two counter-rotating cylinders. We describe the phenomena during a single passage through resonance and show that multiple passages lead to the chaotic advection and mixing. We calculate the width of the mixing domain and estimate a characteristic time of mixing. We show that the resultant mixing can be described using a diffusion equation with a diffusion coefficient depending on the averaged effect of the passages through resonances.     

周期受击陀螺系统随时间演化波函数的多重分形

研究了周期受击陀螺系统波函数的多重分形. 发现: 1)在打击次数较小时, 周期受击陀螺系统波包的扩散速度、扩散方向与打击强度相关, 打击强度越大扩散越混乱、扩散速度也越大; 2)波函数在相空间的精细结构的分布范围随着打击强度的增大而扩大, 最后充满整个相空间; 3)局部分维a的分布范围对应波函数在相空间的分布, 规则态时a 的分布范围最宽, 过渡态的a的分布范围较窄, 而混沌态的a的分布范围则最狭窄且稳定.     

位错芯区扩散引起的非线性滞弹性内耗峰

若干年来,我们对于出现在Al-Cu和Al-Mg系中的表现正常和反常振幅效应的坐落在室温附近的内耗峰进行了系统研究,测得的激活能接近于溶质原子在位错管道中扩散的激活能，从而认为内耗峰的基本过程是溶质原子在隹错芯内的扩散，并且提出了根据位错弯结模型的物理图像。在70年代，Windler-Gniewek等根据弦模型对于位错芯内的扩散进行了理论计算，推导出描述内耗行为的数学表达式与我们的实验结果有许多相似之处。本文对于弦模型和弯结模型进行了对比，分析了位错芯内的纵向扩散和横向扩散所引起的内耗的非线性表现以及内耗峰温和峰高随着应变振幅和测量温度而变化的情况，进一步了我们发现的室温非线性内耗峰（非线性滞弹性内耗）是由于溶质原子在位错芯内扩散所引起的。 关键词：     

颗粒复合介质在高温下的光学双稳特性

利用Maxwell-Garnett近似，结合谱表示方法，理论研究了金属/绝缘颗粒复合介质的光学双稳特性随环境温度的依赖关系.数值结果表明，体系的光学双稳区域随环境温度的升高而逐渐变窄，甚至消失.还进一步研究了复合体系的折射系数和消光系数随温度的变化关系. 关键词： 颗粒复合介质 光学双稳     

Solitary wave solutions of nonlocal sine-Gordon equations

In this paper a nonlocal generalization of the sine-Gordon equation, u(tt)+sin u=( partial differential / partial differential x) integral (- infinity ) (+ infinity )G(x-x('))u(x(') )(x('),t)dx(') is considered. We present a brief review of the applications of such equations and show that involving such a nonlocality can change features of the model. In particular, some solutions of the sine-Gordon model (for example, traveling 2pi-kink solutions) may disappear in the nonlocal model; furthermore, some new classes of solutions such as traveling topological solitons with topological charge greater than 1 may arise. We show that the lack of Lorenz invariancy of the equation under consideration can lead to a phenomenon of discretization of kink velocities. We discussed this phenomenon in detail for the special class of kernels G(xi)= summation operator (j=1) (N)kappa(j)e(-eta(j)mid R:ximid R:), eta(j)>0, j=1,2, em leader,N. We show that, generally speaking, in this case the velocities of kinks (i) are determined unambiguously by a type of kink and value(s) of kernel parameter(s); (ii) are isolated i.e., if c(*) is the velocity of a kink then there are no other kink solutions of the same type with velocity c in (c(*)- varepsilon,c(*)+ varepsilon ) for a certain value of varepsilon. We also used this special class of kernels to construct approximations for analytical and numerical study of the problem in a more general case. Finally, we set forth results of the numerical investigation of the problem with the kernel that is the McDonald function G(xi) approximately K(0)(mid R:ximid R:/lambda) (lambda is a parameter) that have applications in the Josephson junction theory. (c) 1998 American Institute of Physics.     

A built-in scale in the initial spectrum of density perturbations: Evidence from cluster and CMB data

We calculate the temperature anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) for several initial power spectra of density perturbations with a built-in scale suggested by recent optical data on the spatial distribution of rich clusters of galaxies. Using cosmological models with different values of the spectral index, baryon fraction, Hubble constant, and cosmological constant, we compare the calculated radiation power spectrum with the CMB temperature anisotropies measured by the Saskatoon experiment. We show that spectra with a spike at 120h ⁻¹ Mpc are in agreement with the Saskatoon data. The combined evidence from cluster and CMB data favors the presence of a peak and a subsequent break in the initial matter power spectrum. Such a feature is similar to the prediction of an inflationary model wherein an inflaton field is evolving through a kink in the potential. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 66, No. 6, 373–378 (25 September 1997) Published in English in the original Russian journal. Edited by Steve Torstveit.     

AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs赝配高电子迁移晶体管的kink效应研究

利用二维器件模拟软件MEDICI对AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs赝配高电子迁移晶体管器(PHEMT)件进行了仿真，研究了PHEMT器件的掺杂浓度与电子浓度分布，PHEMT器件内部的电流走向及传输特性，重点研究了不同温度和不同势垒层浓度情况下PHEMT器件的kink效应.研究结果表明：kink效应主要与处于高层深能级中的陷阱俘获/反俘获过程有关，而不是只与碰撞电离有关. 关键词： 高电子迁移率晶体管 kink效应 二维电子气     

Transport mechanism and its relationship with heterogeneity in a-Si: H

Hydrogen evolution and dc electrical conductivity measurement have been carried out for a-Si: H prepared by d.c. and r.f. glow discharge decomposition of silane. We show that the kink in log σ vs 1/T plot can be explained in terms of the film heterogeneity. Kinks can appear or disappear after successive annealing depending on the specimens, and the upward shift in kink temperature by annealing is observed for the specimens showing kinks. These results are interpreted to be due to the structural and compositional change in heterogeneity caused by the diffusion and rearrangement of hydrogen.     

Study of the temperature rise induced by a focusing transducer with a wide aperture angle on biological tissue containing ribs

We used the spheroidal beam equation to calculate the sound field created by focusing a transducer with a wide aperture angle to obtain the heat deposition, and then we used the Pennes bioheat equation to calculate the temperature field in biological tissue with ribs and to ascertain the effects of rib parameters on the temperature field. The results show that the location and the gap width between the ribs have a great influence on the axial and radial temperature rise of multilayer biological tissue. With a decreasing gap width, the location of the maximum temperature rise moves forward; as the ribs are closer to the transducer surface, the sound energy that passes through the gap between the ribs at the focus decreases,the maximum temperature rise decreases, and the location of the maximum temperature rise moves forward with the ribs.     

Orbital fluctuations in the different phases of LaVO(3) and YVO(3)

We investigate the importance of quantum orbital fluctuations in the orthorhombic and monoclinic phases of the Mott insulators LaVO(3) and YVO(3). First, we construct ab initio material-specific t(2g) Hubbard models. Then, by using dynamical mean-field theory, we calculate the spectral matrix as a function of temperature. Our Hubbard bands and Mott gaps are in very good agreement with spectroscopy. We show that in orthorhombic LaVO(3), quantum orbital fluctuations are strong and that they are suppressed only in the monoclinic 140 K phase. In YVO(3)the suppression happens already at 300 K. We show that Jahn-Teller and GdFeO3-type distortions are both crucial in determining the type of orbital and magnetic order in the low temperature phases.     

Energy mechanism during machining process by high-power continuous CO2 laser

The high-power continuous CO₂ laser (4 KW) can provide an energy capable of causing melting or even, with special treatment of surface, vaporizing an XC42 - iron sample. During the laser-metal interaction, the energetic machining mechanism takes place according to the following assumptions: Laser energy absorbed by metal is maximal for a p-polarization. The melting front precedes the laser beam. The beam interacts with a preheated surface whose temperature is near the melting point. In such conditions one finds that mean average absorptive power (A), calculated through Maxwell's equations at fusion temperature, is around 25%, which enables us to calculate the laser energy absorbed by the metal. The available thermal models provide a lot of information concerning thermal diffusion but are unable to describe the physical process of the groove. Hence practical information required for industrial applications cannot be obtained. So in this work we have established a model able to calculate the characteristic parameters of the groove (or cut) as a function of laser energy and beam impact diameter (D). This model is based on writing down the balance of exchanged heat during the time of laser-material interaction ((t). This new procedure makes it possible to determine the machining parameters (laser power P, impact diameter D, and machining speed V) which one has to use during the machining process in order to implement an optimum groove (or cut) with predetermined characteristics (width L_s, and groove depth P_r).