快点火锥壳靶压缩对称性及燃料分布测量实验研究北大核心CSCD

快点火激光惯性约束聚变将压缩与点火过程分开,与中心点火方式相比,大大放宽了对压缩对称性和能量的要求,是国际惯性约束聚变研究的热点方向。在神光Ⅱ装置上开展的快点火锥壳靶预压缩实验中,背光分幅图像显示导引锥及输运丝对靶丸预压缩过程无明显影响,实验结果与一维数值模拟结果吻合也证明了该结论;实验中通过调节导引锥尺寸和相对靶丸的位置,可保证最大压缩时刻导引锥保存完好,这对超热电子的输运以及能量沉积是至关重要的。     

超声振动车削装置设计

在切削加工领域，提高加工精度方法很多，其中一个非常重要的研究方向在于努力减小切削过程中的切削力和切削热。超声振动切削技术在降低切削力和切削热方面有重要的作用，可以较好地解决难加工材料、难加工零件以及精密加工等方面的一些工艺问题。为了推广应用这项新技术，文章基于超声振动切削理论，设计了一套超声振动车削装置，为实现黑色金属薄壁零件的精密加工提供了新的途径。     

金锥-聚合物球壳靶制备初步研究

 报道了研制快点火物理实验用带金锥固体球壳靶时,采用多次乳化技术制备聚合物空心微球,精密车床加工和电镀技术制备金锥,精密加工实现聚合物微球表面打孔的工艺。窄分布聚苯乙烯制备的空心微球直径与壁厚分布较窄。电镀液的配方、pH值、镀前处理、尖端效应等对镀层的表面质量和镀层与芯轴之间的结合力有重要的影响。采用精密车床加工可以在聚合物微球表面获得直径约120 μm的孔,初步实现金锥与聚合物微球的连接。     

快点火靶的新型概念和结构分析

提出了一个快点火靶新型概念和结构分析,在锥的尖端制作一个热斑大小的平台,以避免燃料从锥方向逃逸;在平台中间制作一个微纳米点,以约束热电子发射。或者在平台上制作微纳米点阵列,以抬高阿尔文效应限制的条件。考虑超热电子发射的静电势、材料的逸出功,给出了热电子发射能量公式,根据公式提出了关于快点火靶在材料和结构方面的优化条件和研究内容。比如,提高超热电子发射的静电势,和发射材料的选择等,以优化超热电子的出射能量和方向。     

金锥对靶背向超热电子分布的影响

 采用20 TW啁啾脉冲放大的ps激光辐照金锥靶和平面靶，对靶背向产生的超热电子角分布和能谱进行了实验研究。结果表明:金锥对超热电子的产生具有重要的影响。与平面靶情况相比，锥形靶靶背向产生的超热电子数量增加，电子能量为2.0~2.5 MeV的超热电子数目有大幅度增长；锥形靶背向超热电子的空间发散角大于平面靶,这是由于啁啾脉冲放大激光所固有的较高脉冲前沿产生的预等离子体造成的影响。     

光学工艺 光学加工工艺与设备

TQ171．683 2005053948 KDP晶体塑性域超精密切削加工过程仿真=Simulation of ultra-precision cutting process of KDP crystal in ductile mode[刊,中]／陈明君(哈尔滨工业大学精密工程研究所． 黑龙江,哈尔滨(150001)),王景贺…∥光电工程．-2005, 32(5)．-69-72 提出了压痕实验与有限元仿真结合的方法。它采用 压痕深度与有限元仿真深度进行对比,可求解出KDP晶 体的塑性特性参数。建立了KDP晶体塑性域切削的有限 元模型,仿真研究了切削参数对KDP晶体表面形成过程 的影响。结果表明,在刀具前角为-40°左右时,工件表面 质量可达到最佳值。研究还发现,当刀具刃口半径为80 nm时,其能够产生切屑的最小切削厚度在10～30 nm之 间,此时法向切削力与主切削力之比为0．96,该结论对 KDP晶体超光滑表面的获取有着重要指导意义。图6参 6(严寒)     

高Z等离子体辐射的非平衡特性

 对激光直接加热和X光辐射加热Au等离子体的非平衡特性进行了实验研究，探讨了它们的物理机制。为此，提出了一种新型的锥盘靶结构，并在神光 II装置上进行了实验，结果表明：锥盘靶很好地避免了激光加热区的等离子体喷射和散射光对X光加热区的影响，改善了辐射加热场的干净性。对锥盘靶激光和辐射加热进行了模拟计算，所得结果与实验的结果符合较好。     

强激光与锥型结构靶相互作用准直电子束粒子模拟研究

利用PIC(particle-in-cell)方法模拟研究了超短强激光与锥型三明治结构靶相互作用快电子束的产生和传输,并与锥通道靶、锥丝靶和锥靶在相同激光参数下的作用结果进行了比较.研究发现强激光与锥三明治靶作用产生的快电子能被不同密度材料产生的准静态界面强磁场有效地准直传输.相对其他三种锥型结构靶,锥三明治靶能产生更多数目及更高能量的快电子,提高了激光到快电子的能量转换效率和快电子束的品质,这对快点火能量沉积是有利的.     

冷拉拔超细Ni80Cr20合金丝卷曲因素分析

Ni80Cr20超细丝经冷加工后呈规则的三维螺旋卷曲状态。实验研究了拉拔角度、变形量、拉拔速度和模具定径区长度对超细丝材曲率的影响，制定了NiCr合金丝单模冷拉拔工艺。结果表明:随拉拔角度的增加，丝材曲率逐渐增加；变形量增加，拉拔角度为17时，丝材曲率没有明显规律，基本在0.56 mm-1左右，但拉拔角度为0时，丝材曲率逐渐增加；拉拔速度小于10 mmin-1时，曲率逐渐增加，大于10 mmin-1时，曲率增加趋势变缓，大于30 mmin-1曲率又有所下降；定径区长度越长丝材曲率越小。分析认为，NiCr丝材表面产生的附加切变形及切变层的流动速度的不一致性是丝材产生卷曲的原因，且曲率越大残余应力越大。为减小不均匀变形，冷拉拔工艺采用0拉拔、拉拔速度10 mmin-1、模具定径区长度为模具定径区直径的60%。     

低损耗NbTi线材制备技术研究

国内重离子加速器(HIAF)磁体服役在高速脉冲电流下,要求超导磁体用超导线具有较低的损耗,并具有高的临界电流,针对磁体的设计要求,本文研制了两种新型结构的NbTi/Cu0.5Mn超导线,通过两次组装、冷拉拔获得了线径Φ0.8mm、12960芯和10800芯、铜比2.0、芯丝小于5μm的高临界电流、低损耗超导线,系统研究了两种新型结构超导线的截面形貌、芯丝形貌、磁滞损耗及不同时效热处理次数超导线的临界电流密度(Jc)和n值,最后获得了线材芯丝直径和磁滞损耗的变化关系.研究结果表明,两种线材经过二次组装、挤压和冷拉拔后,单个亚组元成型良好,芯丝变形粗细均匀,尺寸大约4μm.随着时效热处理次数由3次增加到5次,线材芯丝表面有颗粒状的CuTi化合物生成,且5T、4.2K下临界电流密度由2295A/mm2增加到2958A/mm2,不同时效热处理次数的线材n值大小介于30~60之间,表明芯丝整体变形均匀.线径Φ0.8 mm、12960芯和10800芯线材在4.2K、±3T下的磁滞损耗分别为35.5mJ/cm3、42.8mJ/cm3,随着线材芯丝直径由4.6μm减小至2.8μm,磁滞损耗由42.8mJ/cm3降低至17.3 mJ/cm3.最后,通过优化工艺后获得了Jc(5T、4.2K)为2958 A/mm2,Qh(4.2K,±3T)为37.5mJ/cm3的千米级NbTi/Cu0.5Mn超导长线,并可实现批量化生产.     

Influences of various cutting parameters on the surface roughness during turnings stainless steel

This paper presents an investigation of the process factors affecting the surface roughness in ultra-precision diamond turning with ultrasonic vibration. Stainless steel was turned by diamond tools with ultrasonic vibration applied in the feed direction with an auto-resonant control system. Surface roughness was measured and compared along with the change of the cutting parameters. The relation curves between the cutting parameters and surface roughness were achieved by comparing the experimental results with different cutting speeds, feed rates, cutting depths. Experimental results indicate that cutting parameters have an obvious effect on the surface roughness. The conclusions are draw in given conditions, the smaller amplitude of the vibration, the worse the surface quality and the higher vibrating frequency, the better surface quality, and the deeper the cutting depth and the more the feed rate, the worse the surface quality. Among these parameters, the feed rate was the most important factor on surface quality.     

Study of AFM-based nanometric cutting process using molecular dynamics

Three-dimensional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to investigate the atomic force microscope (AFM)-based nanometric cutting process of copper using diamond tool. The effects of tool geometry, cutting depth, cutting velocity and bulk temperature are studied. It is found that the tool geometry has a significant effect on the cutting resistance. The friction coefficient (cutting resistance) on the nanoscale decreases with the increase of tool angle as predicted by the macroscale theory. However, the friction coefficients on the nanoscale are bigger than those on the macroscale. The simulation results show that a bigger cutting depth results in more material deformation and larger chip volume, thus leading to bigger cutting force and bigger normal force. It is also observed that a higher cutting velocity results in a larger chip volume in front of the tool and bigger cutting force and normal force. The chip volume in front of the tool increases while the cutting force and normal force decrease with the increase of bulk temperature.     

单点金刚石车削加工切削距离的计算

讨论了大型金属反射镜在金刚石车削中,金刚石刀具的磨损对加工精度的影响;详细介绍了超精密加工中几种典型零件形状单点金刚石车削加工的切削距离计算方法,经计算在加工直径为1000mm的圆盘工件时,当刀具的进给量为2μm/r,切削距离达到近400km。通过计算为加工大型光学元件刀具磨损规律的研究提供分析基础。     

基于桥域理论的Cu单晶纳米切削跨尺度仿真研究

桥域方法是一种典型的跨尺度仿真研究方法.基于桥域理论,本文分析了原子和连续介质耦合区域的处理问题,即在耦合区采用不同的权重计算系统的能量,通过Lagrange乘子法对原子和连续介质位移进行约束.采用桥域方法,建立了单晶Cu米纳切削的跨尺度仿真模型,获得了单晶Cu纳米切削的材料变形机理.同时,研究了不同切削速度对纳米切削过程和原子受力分布的影响,仿真结果表明:随着切削速度的提高,切削区原子所受的力值增大,切屑变形系数减小,已加工表面变质层厚度增加.本文基于桥域理论,实现了Cu单晶纳米切削跨尺度的建模和仿真, 关键词： 桥域法 纳米切削 单晶Cu 切削速度     

超声振动对光学玻璃加工的锯切力特征研究

超声振动辅助方法已在各种硬脆性材料的加工工艺中得以应用,其优异的加工能力和效果已得到广泛证明。本研究中通过采集有无超声振动条件下锯切光学玻璃的平均锯切力以及单颗金刚石磨粒划擦实验下的力信号,对不同工艺条件下的平均锯切力、单颗磨粒受力特征进行分析。同时通过扫描电镜观察对应力信号下工件与工具加工后表面形貌,进一步通过超声振动下材料去除机理解释超声振动对锯切力影响。结果表明：与传统锯切工艺相比,超声振动辅助使得单颗磨粒划擦过程中的受力降低引起平均锯切力的降低;超声振动改变普通锯切下材料的去除方式;同时可使工具保持良好的锯切状态,降低光学玻璃材料的锯切力比,改善其可加工性。     

单点金刚石超精密车削快点火靶丸微孔精度控制北大核心CSCD

研究了单点金刚石超精密车削技术(SPDT)加工靶丸微孔中的精度控制方法,建立了靶丸微孔加工误差的仿真模型,并理论分析了不同误差因素对微孔尺寸误差的影响规律;根据误差分析结果提出了基于刀具阶梯进给运动方式的微孔精度控制方法,用以控制靶丸微孔精度;在单点金刚石超精密车床上进行了辉光放电聚合物(GDP)靶丸微孔的车削实验,实验结果表明:采用该精度控制方法,靶丸微孔尺寸误差和圆度误差分别降低了70.7%和87.5%,实验结果表明了所提出方法的有效性。     

单晶金刚石微杯形谐振子的激光刻蚀制造方法

基于激光刻蚀技术,提出了一种新型单晶金刚石微杯形谐振子的三维制造方法。由于高弹性模量、低热弹性阻尼以及较大的声波传递速度等优异的性质,单晶金刚石是一种理想的谐振子加工材料,但是金刚石硬度大且化学性能稳定,难以采用传统的加工方法成形加工。激光刻蚀因精度高,加工结构对称性好以及破损率低等特点,是一种较好的单晶金刚石加工方法。采用紫外激光加工机,研究了不同激光参数对单晶金刚石刻蚀质量的影响,通过合理设计微杯形谐振结构,规划激光刻蚀加工的轨迹,采用优化后激光刻蚀参数,实现了结构对称性较好的微杯形谐振子的加工,有望应用于高性能微杯形谐振陀螺。     

Development of a double-sided micro lens array for micro laser projector application

This paper introduces the development of a double-sided micro lens array (DSMLA) for application in micro laser projectors. For commercial mass production, it is necessary to investigate the concurrent engineering of optical design, mold fabrication, and plastic injection molding at once. This experiment based the design of the micro lens array on the scalar diffraction theory. The proposed DSMLA can simultaneously shape red, green, and blue laser beams into a uniform projection pattern. An ultra precision diamond turning machine using a slow tool servo method fabricated the mold. The study considered optical design constraints from the feedback of mold fabrication and plastic injection molding, measuring and comparing fabricated samples with calculated results. Experimental results show that the fabricated DSMLAs achieve the desired function and application feasibility for micro laser projectors.     

Processing of Diamond for Integrated Optic Devices Using Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser at Different Wavelengths

In the present investigation, a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is used to study the various aspects of diamond processing for fabricating integrated optic and UV optoelectronic devices. Diamond is a better choice of substrate compared to silicon and gallium arsenide for the fabrication of waveguides to perform operations such as modulation, switching, multiplexing, and filtering, particularly in the ultraviolet spectrum. The experimental setup of the present investigation consists of two Q-Switched Nd:YAG lasers capable of operating at wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm. The diamond cutting is performed using these two wavelengths by making the “V”-shaped groove with various opening angle. The variation of material loss of diamond during cutting is noted for the two wavelengths. The cut surface morphology and elemental and structural analysis of graphite formed during processing in both cases are compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser Raman spectroscopy. Both the Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser systems (at 1064 nm and 532 nm) show very good performance in terms of peak-to-peak output stability, minimal spot diameter, smaller divergence angle, higher peak power in Q-switched mode, and good fundamental TEM₀₀ mode quality for processing natural diamond stones. Less material loss and minimal micro cracks are achieved with wavelength 532 nm whereas a better diamond cut surface is achieved with processing at 1064 nm with minimum roughness.     

A Pressure Sensor Using Fiber Bragg Grating

In the present investigation, a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is used to study the various aspects of diamond processing for fabricating integrated optic and UV optoelectronic devices. Diamond is a better choice of substrate compared to silicon and gallium arsenide for the fabrication of waveguides to perform operations such as modulation, switching, multiplexing, and filtering, particularly in the ultraviolet spectrum. The experimental setup of the present investigation consists of two Q-Switched Nd:YAG lasers capable of operating at wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm. The diamond cutting is performed using these two wavelengths by making the “V”-shaped groove with various opening angle. The variation of material loss of diamond during cutting is noted for the two wavelengths. The cut surface morphology and elemental and structural analysis of graphite formed during processing in both cases are compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser Raman spectroscopy. Both the Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser systems (at 1064 nm and 532 nm) show very good performance in terms of peak-to-peak output stability, minimal spot diameter, smaller divergence angle, higher peak power in Q-switched mode, and good fundamental TEM ₀₀ mode quality for processing natural diamond stones. Less material loss and minimal micro cracks are achieved with wavelength 532 nm whereas a better diamond cut surface is achieved with processing at 1064 nm with minimum roughness.