超声振动对光学玻璃加工的锯切力特征研究

超声振动辅助方法已在各种硬脆性材料的加工工艺中得以应用,其优异的加工能力和效果已得到广泛证明。本研究中通过采集有无超声振动条件下锯切光学玻璃的平均锯切力以及单颗金刚石磨粒划擦实验下的力信号,对不同工艺条件下的平均锯切力、单颗磨粒受力特征进行分析。同时通过扫描电镜观察对应力信号下工件与工具加工后表面形貌,进一步通过超声振动下材料去除机理解释超声振动对锯切力影响。结果表明：与传统锯切工艺相比,超声振动辅助使得单颗磨粒划擦过程中的受力降低引起平均锯切力的降低；超声振动改变普通锯切下材料的去除方式；同时可使工具保持良好的锯切状态,降低光学玻璃材料的锯切力比,改善其可加工性。

Influence of ultrasonic vibration on sawing force characteristic of precision sawing optic glass*

Ultrasonic vibration assisted machining has been widely applied on various machining methods of hard and brittle material, and been proven its excellent machining capability. In this study, we collected an average cutting force and single diamond abrasive scratching force signal under condition of ultrasonic vibration or without it in optical glass cutting, and analyzed the average cutting force, single grain force characteristics under different conditions. At the same time, we use of scanning electron microscope to observe the surface morphology of the corresponding force signal and tool work-piece after machining to further explain the mechanism of material removal under ultrasonic vibration and ultrasonic vibration effect on cutting force. The results showed that ultrasonic vibration assisted makes the stress reducing in process of single grain scratch, so that the average cutting force lowering than the traditional cutting technique. Ultrasonic vibration changed ordinary sawing way at removing material, kept a good cutting status of tool, reduced the cutting force ratio of the optical glass material and improved its workability.