不同产地蛇床子中七种无机元素的分析研究

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法对１０个产地的蛇床子药材中七种金属元素进行了分析研究及比较,为传统中药化学成分分析积累资料,同时为研究中药中金属元素形态打下基础。     

不同消化方法对测定酸枣叶中部分金属元素含量的比较研究

使用常规湿法和干法消化方法对酸枣叶进行预处理,用火焰原子吸收法测定了其中的Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｒ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ等七种金属元素的含量。结果表明,不同消化方法对某些元素产生的影响不同,损失度也有所差别,为样品预处理方法的选择提供了参考数据,也为进一步研究酸枣叶中金属元素的存在形态打下了基础。     

交互模式-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定生态地球化学植物样品中7种金属元素

植物样品中各元素的含量,是评价土壤质量及健康的重要指标。为满足测定大批量生态地球化学植物样品中多金属元素分析要求,建立了交互模式-ICP-MS法测定植物样品中7种痕量金属元素的定量分析方法。讨论了ICP-MS的STD、KED（He）、交互模式3种方法测定植物样品中7种金属元素结果。实验结果表明：利用工作曲线法配制Hg标准溶液,更改82Se在线校正方程系数为1.83,在ICP-MS的交互模式下测定植物样品中82Se,63Cu,60Ni,66Zn,111Cd,75As、202Hg可以得到准确可靠的结果,克服了植物样品中Se和Hg元素测定的难题。基于所建方法各元素校准曲线系数＞0.999;方法检出限为0.0004~0.08mg/kg;加标回收率在96.2%-107%之间;测定GBW10010a（大米）、GBW10012（玉米）、GBW10021（豆角）3种标准物质,结果均在参考值范围内,相对标准偏差RSD＜10%。该方法前处理简单、灵敏度高、准确度高、分析速度快,适用于生态地球化学评价植物样品多金属元素同时测定。为地球化学调查工作中分析测试植物样品中金属多元素的快速测定提供了新思路。     

四种药用香薷植物中多种微量元素分析

对高原香薷、萼果香薷、密花香薷、细穗香薷等四种药用香薷植物中的17种微量元素含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明,4种香薷植物中常量元素以K含量最高,其次为Ca、Mg、Na;必需微量元素中以Cu、Fe、Mn元素的含量为高;非必需微量元素As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Sb含量较低,从重金属元素的角度考虑,使用所测定的4种香薷植物是安全的。     

蛇床子中六种金属元素初级形态分析

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别是对它床子全药材及水、碱提取液中的六种金属元素的含量进行了测定了。实验结果表明,金属元素在药材中的存在形态有较大差异,为进一步进行金属元素形态分析打下基础。     

微波消解样品-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定小叶黄杨木中金属元素

采用微波法消解样品,用火焰原子吸收光谱法分别测定了小叶黄杨木不同部位的钙、镁、铁、铜、锌、锰和钴含量,以及该植物对不同金属元素吸收情况.7种金属元素的线性回归方程的相关系数在0.996～0.999之间,各元素平均加标回收率在94.0%～109.5%范围,相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.1%～6.6%.     

火焰和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法对大米中金属元素含量的测定分析

采用火焰和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法对随机抽取的江西省、吉林省共五种大米中的Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ca、Pb等六种金属元素进行了测定。结果表明,江西省大米中的金属元素含量均略高于吉林省前谷县达里巴乡大米,这可能与南北土壤中金属元素的分布不同有关。     

西红花中金属元素的分析

西红花为鸢尾科植物番红花(Crocus sativus L)的干燥柱头.具活血化瘀,凉血解毒,解郁安神等功效.采用原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)测定西红花中部分金属元素的含量,通过对其宏量元素及微量元素含量的测定结果,分析了西红花中金属元素及其生理作用与药用功效之间的关系.随着元素医学的不断发展,金属元素与中药药效关系及对生物体系的作用有待研究.     

初中化学“碳、燃烧”的教学

1.通过初中化学第七章最重要的几种酸、硷、氧化物和盐的教学使学生形成金属氧化物、非金属氧化物以及酸、硷、盐的正确概念,对物质的分类有个初步轮廓。奠立更进一步学习金属和非金属元素及其化合物的基础。碳是自然界分布很广的一种非金属元素,其化合物种类很多。它与呼吸、燃烧、营养及日常生活的很多现象有紧密的关联,而这些现象又是学生们所常见的。讲授起来要比其他非金属元素(如硫、磷、矽等)容易接受。所以初中教材中出“碳”为非金属元素的代表是很恰当的。学生在前几章中曾学习过:碳在氧中燃烧、空     

PM_(2.5)中金属元素消解方法的优化

本文对5种目前常用于PM_(2.5)中金属元素消解的酸进行6种不同组合,研究各方法对Teflon滤膜上PM_(2.5)中Zn、Cu、Pb 3种金属元素的提取效果,并依据所得结论对最佳方法采用H_2O_2进行进一步优化。结果显示HNO_3+HF+HClO_4是6种消解方法中的最佳方法;HClO_4对上述3种金属元素提取的贡献最显著,HF次之,HCl最差,H_2O_2只对Zn提取效果良好;作用机理不同的酸混合使用对PM_(2.5)中金属元素的提取更加有利;加入H_2O_2得到的优化方法在提高金属元素提取效率的同时,能在一定程度上消除其它酸对仪器检测的干扰,可用于PM_(2.5)金属元素的全量分析。     

蛇床子中六种金属元素初级形态分析（Ⅱ）

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别对蛇床子全药材、水提醇沉以及总香豆素提取过程不同部位的六种金属元素的含量进行了测定。实验结果为微量元素的形态分析及其对药理作用的贡献提供参考数据。     

Application of Short-wave Near-infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy in Controlling Extract of Fructus Cnidii Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Fructus cnidii （Chinese name shechuangzi） is the fruit produced by Cnidium monnieri （L.） Cusson （Umbelliferae）. It is a perennial herb that is used to treat skin-related diseases and gynecopathyell. Recent pharmacological studies have revealed crude extracts or components isolated from fructus cnidii possess antiallergic, antipruritic, antidermatophytic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiosteoporotic activities. Osthole and imperatorin are the major compounds present in shechuangzi. They are often used as standards for the evaluation of the quality of shechuangzi products.     

Simultaneous separation and purification of five bioactive coumarins from the Chinese medicinal plant Cnidium monnieri by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson is a well-known Chinese medicinal plant, which has been used for the treatment of impotence, frigidity, and skin-related diseases, and exhibits strong antipruritic, antiallergic, antidermatophytic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiosteoporotic activities. A high-speed counter-current chromatography method was developed for the separation and purification of five bioactive coumarins from this plant. The crude coumarins were obtained by ethanol extraction from the dried fruits of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson under sonication. High-speed counter-current chromatography with the two-phase solvent systems n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (5:5:4:6, v/v) and n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (5:5:6:4, v/v) was successfully performed with stepwise elution. The five relatively pure coumarins were obtained from 500 mg of the crude extract in a single run. Their purities were 90.6-98.9%, and the recoveries were 85.7-94.2%.     

Preparative isolation and purification of bergapten and imperatorin from the medicinal plant Cnidium monnieri using high-speed counter-current chromatography by stepwise increasing the flow-rate of the mobile phase

A high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was developed for the preparative separation and purification of bergapten and imperatorin from the Chinese medicinal plant Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson. The crude extract was obtained by extraction with ethanol from the dried fruits of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson under sonication. Preparative HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (5:5:5:5, v/v/v/v) was successfully performed by increasing the flow-rate of the mobile phase stepwise from 1.0 to 2.0 ml min(-1) after 180 min. The components purified and collected were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The method yielded 45.8 mg of bergapten at 96.5% purity and 118.3 mg of imperatorin at 98.2% purity from 500 mg of the crude extract in a single run. The recoveries of bergapten and imperatorin were 92.1 and 93.7%, respectively.     

Preparative isolation of osthol and xanthotoxol from Common Cnidium Fruit (Chinese traditional herb) using stepwise elution by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully used for isolation and purification of osthol and xanthotoxol from Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson (Common Cnidium Fruit) using stepwise elution with a pair of two-phase solvent systems composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water at (1:1:1:1, v/v), and (5:5:6:4, v/v), which had been selected by analytical high-speed counter-current chromatography. Using a preparative unit of the HSCCC centrifuge, about a 308 mg amount of the crude extract was separated, yielding 88.3 mg of osthol and 19.4 mg of xanthotoxol at a high purity of over 98%.     

Comparison of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography on fingerprint of Cnidium monnieri

In our studies, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) was employed in fingerprint analysis of Cnidium monnieri for the first time. Average chromatography of 10 batches Cnidium monnieri from Jiangsu province, China, which have long been considered as the original and genuine herbal medicine, was first established as the characteristic fingerprint. Within 25 min the major effective components were separated by 18 mM borate, 12 mM phosphate and 50 mM SDS (pH 9.2) containing 20% methanol. The relative standard deviations of migration times and peak areas were less than 5%. As a new approach of fingerprint, MKCE was compared to the conventional approach-HPLC in our experiments. The fingerprint developed by HPLC comprised 8 peaks that were collected within 40 min. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of retention times of corresponding peaks in HPLC analysis were very small (maximum 3% and average 0.9%). In conclusion, each two methods had its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, besides HPLC, MEKC as a feasible method, could be used in the development of fingerprint of Cnidium monnieri.     

Main constituents from the seeds of Vietnamese Cnidium monnieri and cytotoxic activity

From the ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Vietnamese Cnidium monnieri L., three coumarins, osthole (1), xanthotoxin (2), imperatorin (3) and a sterol, daucosterol (4) have been purified. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, 8-(3-hidroxy-3-methylbutyl)-7-methoxycoumarin (5) was synthesised from osthole (1) with a good yield (80%). In addition, compound 1 and its synthesis product (5) show moderate and non-selective cytotoxic activities against four cancer cells, KB (a human epidermal carcinoma), MCF7 (human breast carcinoma), SK-LU-1 (human lung carcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma).     

蛇床子香豆素的薄层分离-直接进样-质谱鉴定

用丙酮提取,石油醚冷冻结晶,从蛇床子中得到混合香豆素。经薄层分离 ,直接进样和质谱分析 ,鉴定出8种香豆素化合物:Ⅰ.蛇床子素(osthol) ,Ⅱ.佛手内酯(bergapten) ,Ⅲ.欧芹属素乙(imperatorin) ,Ⅳ.花椒毒素(xanthotoxin) ,Ⅴ.异回芹内酯(isopimpinellin) ,Ⅵ.别异英波托林(alloisoimperatorin) ,Ⅶ.6 -甲氧基 -8 -甲基香豆精(6_methoxy_8_methylcoumarin) ,Ⅷ.花椒毒酚(xanthotoxol)。其中Ⅵ、Ⅶ首次于蛇床子中发现。