物理学咬文嚼字之十心有千千结,都付画图中

图像可以帮助表述难以言传之意,所以它一直是物理学以及其他众多学科之重要表现工具.英文物理学文献中常遇到的与图像有关的词汇包括chart,map(mapping),histogram,scratch, sketch,image,plot,inset, painting,drawing,illustration,depict, delineation,profile,graphics,figure, picture,diagram(schematic diagram), graph, photograph, micrograph, cartoon,portrait,以及最近也可以作为稿件部分的film,flash,video,等等.研究者要善于选择最有效的图形表现工具,并要明了这些不同方式间的细微差别.然而,对物理学渐进境界之理解却又要求研究者心中不能着相.此中微义,愿读者诸公参详.     

ICP-AES测定粉末冶金材料中钨、钼等八种元素

用硝酸、高氯酸和氢氟酸溶解样品,在0.025 mol·L-1 EDTA介质中,采用一种标准溶液,用ICP-AES光谱法测定样品溶液中Ni,Cu,V,Mn,W,Mo,Co,Cr的含量。研究了基体和共存元素对分析元素光谱的影响,选择合适的波长,测定了分析结果的精密度,方法的检出限和回收率,结果表明,分析方法有很低的检出限,样品分析结果的相对标准偏差小于1%,加入回收率在98.2%～101.6%,方法准确、可靠、简便、快速,满足生产要求。     

罗马大学附属物理博物馆简介

 意大利首都罗马共有三所国立大学、四所教会大学、二所私立大学。罗马大学(又称罗马第一大学)座落在罗马近郊。它由十个学院(法律,金融与贸易,统计学,文学哲学与考古学,师范,数学物理与自然科学,机械工程,建筑,医疗,药学)、二所附属学校(航空机械,图书档案)、一所国立高等数学研究所、八所附属博物馆(矿业,地质,地理,古典艺术,动物,医学史,古生物学,人类学)组成。     

A theorem for quantum operator correspondence to the solution of the Helmholtz equation

We propose a theorem for the quantum operator that corresponds to the solution of the Helmholtz equation, i.e., V(x1, x2, x3)|x1, x2, x3 x1, x2, x3| d3 x = V(X1, X2, X3) = e-λ2/4: V(X1, X2, X3) :,where V(x1, x2, x3) is the solution to the Helmholtz equation ?2V + λ2V = 0, the symbol : : denotes normal ordering, and X1, X2, X3 are three-dimensional coordinate operators. This helps to derive the normally ordered expansion of Dirac’s radius operator functions. We also discuss the normally ordered expansion of Bessel operator functions.     

Elemental Analysis of Tea Leaves (Camellia Sinensis) and Their Own Soils at Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey

People consume tea brewed from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant for about 50 centuries. Health benefits of the tea have been investigated for about three decades. Especially green tea shows antitoxic and lots of properties with its determined ingredients. Turkey is not only the one of the best consumer and but also good producer of the tea as being 5 th producer all over the world. It grows eastern region of the Turkey and high quality tea is imported and exported. To have quality tea, grooving soils are also crucial. In the current research, Tea leaves and their own grown soils were collected from 20 stations where the most tea producer cities as Trabzon, Rize and Artvin tea fields of the eastern of Black Sea Region in Turkey. The cultivated tea and their own grown soil samples were analysed by using EDXRF Spectrometry. In the soil samples, the elements Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb on percent level and the elements Mg, Al, Si, P, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Sr in the tea leaves were detected by using SKRAY 3600-EDXRF.and also the obtained data were evaluated with the Kriging interpolation of geostatistical method. Element content were investigated in the soil and tea samples according to the geological situations and also the relation of elemental difference between the tea and the own grown soil. Pb/Zn ratio was also anaysed in the samples.     

科学思想的火花照亮人类智慧的星空

 当暴风雨即将来临的时候,满天阴霾,空气沉闷,正所谓"山雨欲来风满楼,黑云压城城欲摧"。突然,一声霹雳,一道强光划破长空,照得天空和大地无比灿烂。天上的云层,地上的山水,像水洗过一样,尽收眼底。这就是闪电,是云层与云层之间,云层与大地之间由火花放电产生的巨大的电火花。     

《广西物理》投稿须知

1.来稿要求科学性准确,逻辑性强,文字简练,数据可靠,图表清晰,具有创新性或一定新意。每篇文章字数（包括图、表）以不超过6000字为宜。来稿（按顺序）必须包括：题目,作者姓名,作者单位（包括所在地和邮政编码）,中文摘要（不超过300字）,关键词（3～8个）,中图分类号,正文,参考文献。     

物理学咬文嚼字之三十七 溅

碰撞过程(impact,bombardment,collision)难免崩出来一些物质,于是就有了sputter,splash,spatter,spurt等物理上也算常见的词汇,它们同spew,spit,sputum,sprout等同源.     

物理学咬文嚼字之三十三 天有病,人知否?

英文中谈"病"字,有illness,sickness,disease,morbidity,malady,ail ment,pathos等词.Ill,morbid,pathetical,mal(作前缀)和pathological是学术文献中常见的形容词,带有很强的感情色彩.     

本刊招聘编辑1名

因工作需要,本刊招聘编辑1名,条件如下:1.大学化学或物理学本科(包括同等学力、博士、硕士等)毕业,成绩良好2.身体健康,不吸烟,对人诚实、守信、和善;3.工作认真负责,任劳任怨,勤奋节俭,热爱科学,沉潜专注,甘于寂寞;4.不限户口,性别,年龄,民族,党派,信仰等。     

Specification of spectral line shape and multiplex dispersion by self-imaging and moiré technique

Due to finite width of a spectral line, the visibility of the moiré fringes formed by a grating and the self-image of another similar grating reduces by the increase of the self-image order. This effect is exploited to specify the spectral line shape by evaluating the Fourier transform of a function related to the visibility. Even, by using in-expensive optics, the technique can provide the spectral line shapes of rather broad widths—of the order of nanometer and more—by precisions that are comparable by those obtained by expensive Fourier transform spectrometers.Besides, it is shown that by comparing the line shapes obtained with and without a dispersive medium between the gratings, one can specify the dispersion function of the medium in the wavelength range covered by the spectrum.     

反应离子镀光学薄膜的微观结构分析

用反应离子镀方法制备了ＴｉＯ２单层膜及ＴｉＯ２／ＳｉＯ２多层膜，用透射电子显微镜分别观察了由反应离子镀方法及传统蒸镀法二种不同工艺制得的ＴｉＯ２单层膜及ＴｉＯ２／ＳｉＯ２多层膜的断面结构，并对ＴｉＯ２单层膜进行了喇曼分析和卢瑟福背散射分析。     

The rigorous electromagnetic theory of the diffraction of vector beams by a circular aperture

The rigorous electromagnetic theory of the diffraction of vector beams by an aperture is proposed and numerically evaluated by the diffraction of vector Gaussian beams by a circular aperture. The results are compared with those, by using the vector Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction integrals and angular-spectrum expression theory, showing a good consistency. The numerical calculation shows that the result calculated by the rigorous theory is much more precise than those calculated by the integral method in diffraction near field, and a highly consistency reaches by the three methods in diffraction far field. A further extension of the theory is discussed.     

Chemical Analysis of Historic Art and Painting Conservation Materials (19th and 20th Centuries) from the National Museum in Krakow by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Chemical composition of varnishes Vernis a Tableaux Vibert by Lefranc & Cie, Schutzfirnis für Oelgemalde Schmincke's Retuschier-Firnis by Schmincke & Co. Düsseldorf, Tempera-Firnis by Schmincke & Co. Düsseldorf, Bernstein-Gemaldefirniss für Ludwig'sche Petroleumfarben by Dr. Schoenfeld Düsseldorf, and Vernis Martin Pour Laquer by Lefranc & Cie Paris; oil medium Copal en pâte by Duroziez; essential oils Oleum Cupressi by Polak & Schwarz and Oleum Calami by Polak & Schwarz; fixative for charcoal, crayons, and pastels Nr 840/4 by Iskra & Karmański; and restoring medium for paintings Prof. Dr. Büttner's Phobus by Schmincke Düsseldorf were analyzed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The analyses were conducted to obtain information about the exact composition of these products, which are stored at the National Museum in Krakow and were used by conservators. The results of research facilitate understanding of processes used in paintings and planning methods for their conservation.     

化学水浴法和磁控溅射法制备硫化镉薄膜的性能研究

以氯化铵、氯化镉、氢氧化钾和硫脲为反应物采用化学水浴法制备了硫化镉薄膜,为了作对比研究,采用射频磁控溅射以硫化镉为靶材,氩气为溅射气体,制备了硫化镉薄膜。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和紫外-可见光光谱仪分别表征了硫化镉薄膜的结构、形貌和光学吸收特性。结果表明,采用以上两种方法制备的硫化镉均具有(002)择优取向,溅射法制备的硫化镉薄膜较致密,薄膜表面较光滑,平均晶粒尺寸在20～30nm;水浴法制备的硫化镉薄膜颗粒尺寸较小,缺陷较多。除了在短波段溅射所得硫化镉薄膜的透过率略差于水浴法所得硫化镉薄膜之外,溅射法制备的硫化镉薄膜的性能整体上优于水浴法制备的薄膜。两种方法制备的硫化镉薄膜的能隙在2.3～2.5eV。     

高功率隔离器单模与多模工作退偏特性

以传统结构隔离器为模型,应用琼斯理论,比较分析了单模与多模激光入射时高功率隔离器热致退偏特性。研究结果表明:高功率隔离器热致退偏可分为线性双折射致退偏与圆双折射致退偏;两种退偏均与入射激光功率的平方成正比;在光功率一定的条件下,线性双折射致退偏不随光斑半径的变化而变化,圆双折射致退偏随光斑半径的增大而减小;在其它条件相同的条件下,多模光场能够有效地降低隔离器热致退偏,多模时线性双折射致退偏仅为单模时退偏的60%,圆双折射致退偏也比单模时要小,减小幅度随光斑半径的增加而增加。     

微波辅助萃取法提取菟丝子总黄酮的最佳工艺

设计单因素和正交试验,采用微波快速反应系统对菟丝子进行提取,以芦丁为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法测定菟丝子中总黄酮的含量,以总黄酮的含量为考察指标,考察微波功率、提取时间、提取温度、乙醇浓度及料液比对总黄酮提取量的影响,优选最佳提取工艺。结果表明,微波辅助萃取法提取菟丝子总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为：乙醇体积分数70%、提取温度80℃、提取时间30min、料液比1∶20（g/mL）。     

直流清洗电极电场对束流参数影响的测量与研究

 本文采用保角变换法推导了直流清洗电极电场的计算公式,分析和研究了合肥光源直流清洗电极电场对束流参数的影响。例如,直流清洗电场存在垂直方向的二极分量将引起闭轨变化,四分量将产生工作点偏移,六极分量会产生附加校正色品。并给出了一些测量结果。     

基于Mantis的某型直升机视景系统设计与实现

对直升机视景仿真系统的构建进行了分析,针对其对场景细节要求高,需多种特效库支持的特点,首次提出了一种基于Mantis的直升机视景系统的解决方案。该方案利用TerraVista制作精细的地形数据库,经转换后可采用大地形调度技术进行渲染;利用Creator制作三维模型库;采用内容定制文件配置场景中的实体和特效;采用Mantis Client和Mantis Server实现视景的渲染,最后通过基于通用图像生产协议的网络通信控制场景中的目标与特效。实际仿真结果显示,该直升机视景系统的仿真效果形象逼真,满足了实时性需求。     

原子吸收光谱法测定中成药阿胶中铜、铬、镉、铅、砷、锑、锡和汞

本文以５０ｍｌ比色管作消化容器，硝酸－高氯酸混酸消化中成药阿胶，采用火焰原子吸收法测定其中的铜；石墨炉法测定其中的铬、镉、铅；氢化物法测定其中的砷、锑、锡。以硝酸－硫酸加过氧化氢水浴加热消化处理样品、采用冷原子法测定其中的汞，均取得较满意的结果。