电弧熔炼过程中LaFe_(13-x)Si_x合金的凝固组织和相形成研究

研究了电弧熔炼过程中LaFe13-xSix合金的凝固行为。应用XRD和扫描电镜分析了合金组织相组成和结构。结果表明:电弧熔炼铸锭随温度梯度出现分层;La(Fe,Si)13(简称:1∶13)相是包晶反应生成的,冷速和硅含量变化对合金的凝固行为有很大的影响,当Si含量x≤1.0时合金显微组织由α-(Fe,Si)相和共晶相La Fe Si(简称:1∶1∶1)相组成,α-(Fe,Si)(简称:α-Fe)相为主要相,随硅含量增加1∶1∶1相增多;x≥1.5时由α-Fe相、1∶13相和1∶1∶1相组成;随x增加1∶13相为主要相,1∶1∶1相减少;当x≥2.0时显微组织中1∶13相作为初生相析出,且随温度梯度和硅含量变化1∶13相的形貌不同。     

深过冷对LaFe11.7Si1.3合金凝固组织和相结构的影响

采用3 m落管法研究了LaFe11.7Si1.3合金的无容器凝固深过冷行为,应用SEM和EDS分析了合金的组织结构和相组成.结果表明:液滴的凝固机制很大程度上取决于液滴的大小,对于直径≥270 μm的液滴,由于经过了不完全的包晶反应,导致合金相中含有大量的α-Fe相;当液滴直径为250 μm时,单一的Nazn13型La(Fe,Si)13(简称:1:13)相直接由过冷液相形成.利用经典形核理论对深过冷熔体的竞争形核机制进行了分析.     

La0.6Pr0.05Fe11.5-xCoxSi1.5合金的磁性和磁热效应

使用电弧炉熔炼法制备La0.6Pr0.05Fe11.5-xCoxSi1.5(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5和0.6)系列合金.XRD分析与SEM成分分析表明该系列合金中除含有少量富镧相(P4/nmm)和α-Fe相外.均由NaZh13型立方结构单相组成.品格常数随着Co含量的增加基本保持不变.磁性测量表明该系列合金的Tc随着Co含母的增加旱线性增加,当x=0.6时,Tc达264 K.合金的升、降温磁化曲线随着Co含量的增加逐渐重合,即表明该系列合金的热滞随着Co含量的增加而减小;利用Maxwell方程计算得出在x=0时,合金在△B=1.5 T的外磁场下-△Sm达到38.4 J·kg-1·K-1.这种磁熵变来源于外磁场引起的一级相变,随着Co含量的增加-△Sm线性减小,这是由于Co含量的增加使合金的磁相变出现由一级相变向二级相变转变.     

LaFe11.6Si1.4/10%Co复合材料的磁热效应EI北大核心CSCD

利用SPS(放电等离子烧结)技术制备了La Fe11.6Si1.4/10%Co复合材料,结合XRD,OM和Versa Lab等手段,系统地研究了La Fe11.6Si1.4/10%Co复合材料的相组成、微观结构和磁热性能。不同烧结温度制备的铸态La Fe11.6Si1.4/10%Co复合材料由1∶13相、α-Fe相和Co相组成,烧结温度的提高促进了主相(1∶13相)的分解,恶化复合材料的磁热性能。OM测试结果表明,烧结温度的提高有利于孔隙尺寸的减小,提高铸态La Fe11.6Si1.4/10%Co复合材料的致密度。923 K烧结的铸态La Fe11.6Si1.4/10%Co复合材料的居里温度TC为199.8 K,0～2 T磁场范围的最大等温磁熵变为3.02 J·kg-1·K-1,RC值为40.6 J·kg-1,并表现出二级磁相变的特点,具有良好的磁热性能。     

巡游电子系化合物La0.8Ce0.2(Fe1-xCox)11.4Si1.6的磁热效应

对制备的化合物La0.8Ce0.2(Fe1-xCox)11.4Si1.6(x=0.02,0.04,0.06)的相组成、巡游电子变磁转变(IEMT)特性和磁热效应(MCE)进行了研究。粉末X射线衍射结果表明,经1373 K真空退火处理7 d后,化合物La0.8Ce0.2(Fe1-xCox)11.4Si1.6(x=0.02,0.04,0.06)均为单相立方NaZn13型晶体结构。随着Co含量由x=0.02增加到x=0.06,样品的居里温度TC由207 K上升到277 K。在0~1.5 T磁场变化下,x=0.02,0.04,0.06时样品的最大磁熵变|ΔSM(T)|分别为40.17,12.60和7.65 J.kg-1.K-1,可见该化合物有巨大的磁熵变,而且随Co含量的增加最大磁熵变迅速减小。该化合物的巨大磁熵变来源于TC处的一级相变,以及在TC以上由磁场诱导IEMT,但由于Co原子对Fe原子的替代能够抑制变磁转变的发生,因此该系化合物最大磁熵变随Co含量的增加迅速减小。     

La15Fe77B8型储氢合金的结构和电化学性能

研究了快淬和退火态La15Fe77B8型储氢合金的组织结构和电化学性能。应用中频感应熔炼-快淬方法制备了La15Fe77B8型储氢合金,其组成为La15Fe2Ni72Mn7B2Al2。结构分析表明:快淬La15Fe2Ni72Mn7B2Al2合金为多相结构,包括LaNi5相、La3Ni13B2相和(Fe,Ni)相,快淬合金经1223 K保温3 h,然后在873 K保温3 h退火处理后,LaNi5相增加,La3Ni13B2相几乎消失,(Fe,Ni)相增加且形态变大。电化学测试表明,退火合金的最大容量(307 mAh.g-1)略小于快淬合金(309 mAh.g-1),而循环稳定性有所改善。退火合金电极的倍率放电能力(HRD)低于快淬合金,原因在于交换电流密度(I0)及氢在合金中的扩散系数(D)降低。快淬和退火合金电极在低温233 K时均能放出55%的容量。     

镧、铈对铝铜合金凝固过程及凝固组织的影响

本文用热分析对比法和金相法研究了微量镧、铈对Al-5wt％Cu合金的凝固过程和凝固组织的影响规律。发现微量镧、铈能改变该合金的凝固参数,增大其过冷度和明显细化组织,微量镧、铈改变了Al-5wt％Cu合金的凝固过程,使其在α相析出之后共晶析出之前有一中间相析出。加微量铈可形成Al_8Cu_4Ce。理论分析认为,Le_2O_3、Ce_2O_3、La(OH)_3和Ce(OH),可做为α相的异质核心。     

钒,铬对快速凝固Al-Ti-Fe合金的组织结构与显微硬度的影响

利用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)研究了V, CrAl-Ti-Fe合金组织及显微硬度的影响. 结果表明 Al-Ti-Fe-(V,Cr)合金急冷态组织均为过饱和Al基固溶体; 300 ℃×10 h处理后, Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr合金析出Al3Ti和Al13Cr2相; 400 ℃×10 h处理后, Al-Ti-Fe-(V,Cr)合金均析出Al13Fe4相.随退火温度的升高, 快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5V合金的显微硬度略有下降, 快速凝固Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe-2.5Cr合金的显微硬度略有上升,表明V, Cr元素的加入有利于快凝Al-2.5Ti-2.5Fe合金显微硬度的增加.     

微量元素La对Al—Si合金凝固过程的影响

本文用差热分析法系统地研究了La掺杂对Al-Si共晶合金、亚共晶、超共晶的动态凝固过程的影响。结果表明,La促使α(Al)成核,使体系中初晶α(Al)的析出温度比AJ-Si二元合金中Al初晶的实际析出温度明显提高;La对初晶Si的成核和长大起抑制作用,使超共晶中初晶Si相析出温度较二元合金中的Si初晶的实际析出温度明显降低。     

熔体过热对Nd_9Fe_(70)Ti_4C_2B_(15)纳米复合永磁合金过冷度、非晶形成能力和晶化行为的影响

采用差热分析法研究了Nd_9Fe_(70)Ti_4C_2B_(15)永磁合金形核过冷度与其熔体过热度的关系。在此基础上,通过对不同熔体过热度的快淬薄带进行凝固组织结构分析、磁性能测试和差热分析,研究了熔体过热度对合金的非晶形成能力和晶化行为的影响。结果表明:在28~168 K的过热度范围内,Nd_9Fe_(70)Ti_4C_2B_(15)合金的过冷度随着熔体过热度的提高而显著增大了约80 K,它们之间呈现非线性关系;过冷度拐点对应的临界过热度为68 K,在小于68 K的过热度范围内,过冷度随过热度的提高而急剧增大了67 K,而在大于68 K的过热度范围内,过冷度随之而变化的幅度不大,其间的平均过冷度达到了174 K。熔体过热度为60 K时,快淬薄带的微观组织由Nd_2Fe_(14)B,Fe_3B和α-Fe纳米晶构成,其磁性能为H_(ci)=992.91 k A·m~(-1),B_r=0.56 T,(BH)_(max)=45.81 k J·m~(-3);熔体过热度提高至90和110 K时,快淬薄带的微观组织由纳米晶和非晶构成,且熔体过热温度越高,非晶的量越大;熔体过热度提高至150 K时,快淬薄带的微观组织由完全非晶构成。快淬薄带中的部分非晶或完全非晶在晶化退火过程中的相变都沿循以下路径:Am(非晶相)→Am'+Fe_3B→Fe_3B+Nd_2Fe_(23)B_3→Fe_3B+Nd_2Fe_(14)B+α-Fe。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of tetrabenzoporphins of the basis of isoindoline

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds -