微量RE对接触线用铜合金时效析出特性和软化温度的影响

探讨了微量稀土Ce,Y及混合稀土Ce+Y等对电气化铁路接触线用Cu-Cr-Zr合金的时效析出特性和软化温度的影响。Cu-Cr-Zr合金中加入微量稀土元素并经950℃×1h固溶、480℃时效处理后,可有效地提高合金的显微硬度,而电导率略有降低。时效前冷变形能使合金产生明显的时效硬化,对固溶后的Cu-Cr-Zr合金和Cu-Cr-Zr-RE合金施以60%冷变形再进行480℃时效处理,其显微硬度和导电率较固溶后直接进行时效处理均有明显提高。微量添加的稀土元素对合金的抗软化性能均有改善作用,其中以混合稀土Ce+Y对合金抗软化性能的改善作用最为显著,可将Cu-Cr-Zr合金的软化温度提高约45℃。     

铈对Ti-V-Cr-Fe储氢合金显微组织的影响

使用V-Fe合金为原料制备了Ti24.93V31.17Cr37.40Fe6.50Cex固溶体储氢合金, 采用EPMA和XRD对合金显微组织和相结构进行了分析. 结果表明, 不含Ce的Ti24.93V31.17Cr37.40Fe6.50合金由BCC主相和分布于晶界的Ti9.7Fe3.3O3和TiO0.325相组成. 当Ce添加于合金后, 随着合金中Ce含量的增加, Ti9.7Fe3.3O3和TiO0.325相含量明显减少. Ce的添加抑制了富Ti相的析出, 促进了合金元素尤其是Ti的均匀分布. 此外, 随Ce含量增加, 合金BCC主相平均原子半径和晶格常数随之增大, 有利于增大合金的储氢容量.     

电弧熔炼过程中LaFe_(13-x)Si_x合金的凝固组织和相形成研究

研究了电弧熔炼过程中LaFe13-xSix合金的凝固行为。应用XRD和扫描电镜分析了合金组织相组成和结构。结果表明:电弧熔炼铸锭随温度梯度出现分层;La(Fe,Si)13(简称:1∶13)相是包晶反应生成的,冷速和硅含量变化对合金的凝固行为有很大的影响,当Si含量x≤1.0时合金显微组织由α-(Fe,Si)相和共晶相La Fe Si(简称:1∶1∶1)相组成,α-(Fe,Si)(简称:α-Fe)相为主要相,随硅含量增加1∶1∶1相增多;x≥1.5时由α-Fe相、1∶13相和1∶1∶1相组成;随x增加1∶13相为主要相,1∶1∶1相减少;当x≥2.0时显微组织中1∶13相作为初生相析出,且随温度梯度和硅含量变化1∶13相的形貌不同。     

过冷度对LaFe10.9 Co0.6 Si1.5合金相的形成及显微组织的影响

采用电磁悬浮熔炼的方法研究了LaFe10.9Co0.6Si1.5合金的凝固行为.应用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析了合金组织结构和相组成.结果表明:La(Fe,Si,Co)13相是包晶反应生成的,过冷度变化对合金的凝固行为有很大的影响,当△T≤10 K时,LaFe10.9Co0.6Si1.5合金显微组织由α-(Fe,Si)相和La(Fe,Co)Si相组成,α-(Fe,Si)相为主要相;当△T≥40 K时,LaFe10.9Co0.6Si1.5合金显微组织中出现La(Fe,Si,Co)13相,随过冷度增加La(Fe,Si,Co)13相增多.应用经典形核理论对此进行了解释.     

α+β钛合金热拉拔过程中的微观演变与力学性能

轧制的Ti-6Al-4V棒材通过多道次拉拔工艺加工成Ti-6Al-4V线材，应用EBSD系统、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪对其组织和结构分析，用拉伸试验机与显微硬度计进行力学性能分析，系统地研究了Ti-6Al-4V合金多道次拉拔过程中的微观组织演变特征与织构演变特征。结果表明，随着变形量的增大，拉长组织演变为细小均匀等轴组织，晶界完全破碎。材料韧性明显提高、塑性下降，表现于热拉后合金伸长率下降、断面收缩率升高。α相发展出<01 10>平行于拉拔方向的纤维织构，织构强度随着应变的增加而增加。     

热处理工艺对〈110〉轴向取向Tb-Dy-Fe合金性能与显微组织的影响

研究了热处理工艺对<110>轴向取向Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xMx)1.95(M=Mn,Al,Ti,B,x=0.03)合金磁致伸缩性能与显微组织的影响。实验结果表明,热处理后合金的磁致伸缩应变λ和dλ/dH都显著提高,显微组织由片状晶向多边形晶粒转化,而且富稀土相在样品表面和晶界析出,晶粒内部的富稀土相有球化趋势。合理控制热处理温度和时间可以显著提高该合金的磁致伸缩性能。     

真空蒸馏-塞曼效应石墨炉原子吸收法测定高纯镉和碲中铁铝镍铬铜银锰

采用真空蒸馏与塞曼效应石墨炉原子吸收仪相结合进行高纯镉和高纯碲中铁、铝、镍、铬、铜、银、锰等元素的测定。方法简便、快速,测定下限分别为Fe3×10~(-8)%,Al8×10~(-8)%,Ni5×10~(-8)%,Cr7×10~(-8)%,Cu4×10~(-8)%,Ag 2.5×10~(-9)%,Mn2.5×10~(-9)%。     

热处理对Mg-11Gd-2Y-5Sm-0.5Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和万能力学试验机等研究了Mg-11Gd-2Y-5Sm-0.5Zr合金在不同热处理工艺下显微组织和力学性能的变化规律。结果表明:合金的最佳固溶时效热处理工艺为525℃×8 h+225℃×12 h;Mg-11Gd-2Y-5Sm-0.5Zr合金铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体和沿晶界网状分布的Mg_5Gd,Mg_(41)Sm_5相组成,经固溶时效热处理后析出相主要为均匀分布于晶内和晶界的点状或粒状的Mg_5Gd,Mg_(24)Y_5以及Mg_(41)Sm_5相;经该工艺处理后,合金在室温下的硬度和抗拉强度分别为145.6HV和261.4 MPa;固溶时效态合金的主要强化机制为固溶强化和析出相弥散强化。     

钇对NiAl-28Cr-5.5Mo-0.5Hf合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用压缩实验研究了在应变速率为 1 94× 10 - 3s- 1 时随着温度的变化不同Y含量对铸造NiAl 2 8Cr 5 5Mo 0 5Hf合金力学性能的影响 ,同时 ,运用扫描电镜 (SEM)及其能谱和X射线衍射 (XRD)方法分析了合金的显微组织。结果表明 ,加入Y后 ,合金的显微组织随Y含量的增加而逐渐得到细化 ,表现为共晶团的数目增多 ,共晶团内的Cr(Mo)纤维层间距减小 ,胞界处的Cr(Mo)棒减小 ;当Y含量达到 0 1% (质量分数 )时 ,在NiAl和Cr(Mo)的相界处形成稀土化合物Ni1 7Y2 和Al3Y ,削弱了界面结合力 ,导致屈服强度和塑性下降。此外 ,压缩实验测得在不同温度下 ,0 0 5 %Y含量的合金的压缩强度和压缩率优于其它Y含量的合金 ,所以适量Y可以改善NiAl 2 8Cr 5 5Mo 0 5Hf从室温到高温的强度和塑性     

镧、铈对铝铜合金凝固过程及凝固组织的影响

本文用热分析对比法和金相法研究了微量镧、铈对Al-5wt％Cu合金的凝固过程和凝固组织的影响规律。发现微量镧、铈能改变该合金的凝固参数,增大其过冷度和明显细化组织,微量镧、铈改变了Al-5wt％Cu合金的凝固过程,使其在α相析出之后共晶析出之前有一中间相析出。加微量铈可形成Al_8Cu_4Ce。理论分析认为,Le_2O_3、Ce_2O_3、La(OH)_3和Ce(OH),可做为α相的异质核心。     

Synthesis and structure of hydroxyisoxazolidines and derivatives of hydroxylamine and alkenals

The reactions of N-substituted hydroxylamines with alkenals serve as a method for the synthesis of the corresponding 2-substituted 3(5)-hydroxyisoxazolidines. The reaction pathway is determined by the nature of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. Ring-chain isomerism has been detected in these newly obtained compoundsTranslated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1270–1276, September, 1987.     

Investigation of adhesion and mobility of polyurethane and epoxy-rubber glues and adhesives

The values of activation parameters in uncured and cured epoxy resins, rubbers, and blends thereof are investigated. The dependences of activation energy and adhesion strength of epoxy-rubber compositions on rubber content are determined. The correlation of adhesion and activation energy values for polyurethane rubber and epoxy-rubber compositions is shown.     

Mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine and perforine and of their derivatives

Conclusions The mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine, perforine, and their derivatives have been studied. The influence of the open and cyclic forms of the molecular ion on the nature of the fragmentation has been discussed. The main routes of fragmentation of the compounds considered are due to the presence of substituents at C₈ and C₄.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 273–279, 1969     

Crystal and molecular structure of aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- and benzaldehydes

Aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- (I) and benzaldehydes (IV) and benzoylhydrazones of acet- (II) and benzaldehydes (III) were studied by x-ray structural and quantum-chemical methods in order to establish their structures. Compund (I) was the EEZ structure in the crystal. Calculations and spectral data showed that the EEE form occurs in nonpolar solvents and in the gas phase. According to crystallographic data molecules (I)–(IV) are the E-isomers (relative to the N-N bond) and the hydrazone fragments are planar. Intermolecular N-H...O H-bonds from in the crystals. The data obtained suggest that the majority of acylhydrazones are conformationally rigid on dissolution although exceptions do occur. Apparently the reasons for the difference of acetyl- and benzoylhydrazones in electrocarboxylation reactions are electronic and not steric factors.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 75–81, January, 1991.     

Synthesis and characterization of triazenide and triazene complexes of ruthenium and osmium

Triazenide [M(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 [M = Ru, Os; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl; P = P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] complexes were prepared by allowing triflate [M(kappa2-OTf)P4]OTf species to react first with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene and then with an excess of triethylamine. Alternatively, ruthenium triazenide [Ru(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 derivatives were obtained by reacting hydride [RuH(eta2-H2)P4]+ and RuH(kappa1-OTf)P4 compounds with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of the [Ru(eta2-1,3-PhNNNPh){P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 derivative. Hydride triazene [OsH(eta1-1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar)P4]BPh4 [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl] and [RuH{eta1-1,3-p-tolyl-N=NN(H)-p-tolyl}{PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 derivatives were prepared by allowing kappa1-triflate MH(kappa1-OTf)P4 to react with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The [Os(kappa1-OTf){eta1-1,3-PhN=NN(H)Ph}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 intermediate was also obtained. Variable-temperature NMR studies were carried out using 15N-labeled triazene complexes prepared from the 1,3-Ph15N=N15N(H)Ph ligand. Osmium dihydrogen [OsH(eta2-H2)P4]BPh4 complexes [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] react with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene to give the hydride-diazene [OsH(ArN=NH)P4]BPh4 derivatives. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the [OsH(PhN=NH){PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 complex is reported. A reaction path to explain the formation of the diazene complexes is also reported.     

Glycolate and Thioglycolate Complexes of Rhenium and Their Oxidative Elimination of Ethylene and of Glycol

Selenium dioxide and osmium tetroxide are effective reagents and catalysts for olefin oxidation, although, owing to their toxicity, reservations remain as to their applicability.^[1] We are therefore seeking more easily handled metal oxides that are soluble in organic solvents and that are as effective as osmium tetroxide in carrying out stereospecific cis hydroxylation of olefins. The rhenium(VII ) oxide 1 , which has meanwhile become readily accessible, is a favorable candidate.^[2]     

The chemical transport of molybdenum and tungsten and of their dioxides and sulfides

Experiments have been made and an extensive thermodynamic discussion has taken place concerning the chemical transport of Mo, W, MoO₂, WO₂, MoS₂ and WS₂ in the presence of iodine. Efforts have been made to find the species via which Mo and W can migrate within the gas phase.Results: In each case the transport proceeds via the oxide iodides MoO₂J₂ and WO₂J₂ respectively, as already known for the dioxides. Thus the chemical transport of Mo, W, MoS₂ and WS₂ needs not only J₂ but also H₂O, usually liberated from the wall of the quartz ampoule.By means of J₂ + H₂O, the metals can be transported into the high temperature region of the ampoule (e.g., 1050 → 1150°C), whereas the transport of the sulfides proceeds in the opposite direction (e.g., 900 → 700°C).For the sulfide-transport the influence of the ratio of the transport agents $\text{J}{}_2\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ has been discussed.The water content of the quartz glass out of which the ampoules are made is an important source for water, influencing the reactions.The addition of graphite which considerably lowers the H₂O partial pressure prevents any transport of the metals or the sulfides, which proves that the use of J₂ alone as a transport agent is insufficient in these cases.The gaseous iodides MoJ_x and WJ_z are without any importance under the experimental conditions used for the transport of the metals, their dioxides and sulfides.The partial pressures of MoO₂(OH)₂ and WO₂(OH)₂ under the experimental conditions chosen may usually be neglected. But in the system $\text{MoO}{}_2\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ the transport via MoO₂(OH)₂ (1000 → 800°C) has been observed.The synthesis of MoO₂ and WO₂, starting with the elements or with powder of metal and trioxide is promoted by the addition of J₂. The reaction steps involved are discussed.