生物油中固体颗粒物的特性分析

利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、红外光谱分析和X射线衍射对不同固体颗粒物样品的特性进行了研究。结果表明,生物油中的固体颗粒物主要由焦炭颗粒、灰分和少量高分子有机物组成,其中,灰分主要包括多种金属元素和一定量SiO₂,有机物主要是具有木质素结构的低聚物。不同热解工艺的固体颗粒物样品特性也不同。循环流化床工艺制取的生物油中固体颗粒物含量较高。此外,固体颗粒物样品中的金属元素含量受到热解原料种类的影响。     

CS2与大气颗粒物的多相催化反应研究

利用原位FTIR,XRD,XPS,BET,质谱和连续微量反应等手段研究了大气颗粒物及部分氧化物样品上CS₂多相催化反应,确认了反应产物,并对催化剂的晶化状况和比表面积等进行了考察.结果表明,CS₂在氧化物和大气颗粒物样品上发生氧化反应,生成COS及单质硫,部分样品上生成CO₂,活化状态下的[S]在大气颗粒物表面上能被进一步氧化为六价态硫.收集所得到的大气颗粒物样品成分主要是Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)·4H₂O;CS₂在氧化物或大气颗粒物样品上催化生成COS是催化剂表面吸附氧的作用之故.     

自然水体悬浮颗粒物中主要化学组分对铅、铜的吸附作用——实验室模拟吸附特征与水环境中富集特征的比较

利用主要组分萃取-吸附-统计分析方法研究了自然水体悬浮颗粒物样品中主要化学组分对铅、铜的吸附特征, 并采用天然悬浮颗粒物样品直接萃取的方法研究了实际水环境中悬浮颗粒物样品各组分对重金属的富集特征, 通过二者对比进一步研究了悬浮颗粒物中主要化学组分在铅、铜吸附中的作用. 结果表明, 悬浮颗粒物样品中各组分的吸附特征与富集特征具有较好的可比性, 铅主要与颗粒物中的铁氧化物相结合, 铜则主要与有机质相结合.     

大气颗粒物中有机物色谱分析的样品制备技术

大气颗粒物中有机物成分分析对深入研究大气颗粒物对人类健康、环境、气候、生态的影响,解析气溶胶来源,制定颗粒物控制相关法规,以及风险管理方法具有重要意义。由于颗粒物中的有机组分种类繁多,分析复杂,目前仅10%~20%的有机物得到了定性和定量分析。因此,大气细颗粒中有机物的分析已成为环境分析领域的优先发展方向。色谱是大气颗粒物中有机物分析的主要方法,而样品制备则是影响分析速度和精度的关键步骤。本文对颗粒物中有机组分色谱分析前的样品制备方法进行了综述,介绍了索氏提取、超声辅助提取、微波辅助提取、加压溶剂提取等溶剂提取方法以及热解吸提取方法,并重点介绍了这些方法在大气颗粒物样品处理中的应用,总结了各种方法的优缺点。     

大气颗粒物中总碳含量的测量不确定度评定

分析了元素分析仪测定大气颗粒物中碳质组分的测量不确定度来源,对总碳含量的测量不确定度进行了评估。测定咖啡碱标准样品中的碳含量,称样量为1 500~2 500μg时,测定结果为(49.27±0.26)%;测定大气颗粒物样品中的总碳含量,样品面积为3.14 cm2时,测定结果为(106±3)μg/cm2。     

北京地区大气颗粒物中不同功能区多环芳烃的分布特征

用撞击式分级采样器同步采集了北京市城乡结合部、郊区的2003年四个季节的不同粒径大气颗粒物样品,用气相色谱-质谱分析了其中的多环芳烃。两个功能区的PAHs总质量浓度分布趋势均为：冬季>秋季>春季>夏季；不同环数PAHs在不同粒径颗粒物中的分配比例比较显示，粗颗粒物中2 环或3环PAHs的分配比例比其在高环PAHs的比例要大。     

应用同步辐射X近边吸收谱法研究大气超细颗粒物中氯形态

建立了X射线近边吸收光谱法(1sXANES)测定大气颗粒物中无机氯和有机氯形态及含量的分析方法及质量控制体系。在储存环能量为1.5 GeV和光子能量为2.82 keV条件下,利用束流强度在300～150 mA的同步辐射光激发分析无机氯、链烃代有机氯和芳香烃代有机氯标准样品以及≤0.2μm的大气颗粒物样品。通过对标准品谱图的拟合计算,得到该方法无机氯、链烃代有机氯和芳香烃代有机氯最低检出限,分别为5.4,8.7和1.7μg/g。对已知无机氯和有机氯浓度的试样检出率均达到或接近95%,重复测定3-氯丙酸标准品(n=6),得到本方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.9%。应用本方法可以实现定量无损地测定微量样品中氯的形态和含量,对城市大气颗粒物中氯的测定发现,颗粒物中无机氯和芳香烃代有机氯含量分别为110和12 ng/m3,链烃代氯的含量低于检出限。应用本方法对北京某地区大气颗粒物中氯元素形态进行测定,确定氯的主要存在形式是无机氯和芳香烃氯。     

大气颗粒物及氧化物对CS_2的催化氧化作用

利用原位ＦＴ－ＩＲ,ＸＲＤ,ＢＥＴ,质谱和连续脉冲微反等手段研究了大气颗粒物及 部分氧化物样品上ＣＳ２催化氧化的反应,并对催化剂的晶化状况和比表面等进行了考 察。结果表明,ＣＳ２在氧化物和大气颗粒物样品上发生氧化反应,生成ＣＯＳ及单质Ｓ,部 分样品上生成ＣＯ２;其中以ＣａＯ的催化作用最为明显,Ｆｅ２Ｏ３次之,Ａｌ２Ｏ３的催化能力有 明显减小,ＳｉＯ２最小,大气颗粒物样品对ＣＳ２有明显的催化氧化作用,活性介于Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 和Ａｌ２Ｏ３之间;收集的大气颗粒物样品成分主要是Ｃａ（ＡＬ２Ｓｉ２Ｏ８）·４Ｈ２Ｏ,即水泥的主要 成分;ＣＳ２在氧化物或大气颗粒物样品上催化生成ＣＯＳ,是由于催化剂表面吸附氧的作 用．报道了大气颗粒物对ＣＳ２具有催化氧化生成ＣＯＳ的能力,揭示了大气中ＣＯＳ来源 的一个重要途径,对ＣＳ２,ＣＯＳ的污染控制研究具有一定的指导意义．     

丁二酮肟分光光度法测定大气颗粒物中的镍

采用硝酸、高氯酸消解大气颗粒物样品,以丁二酮肟显色,正丁醇萃取分离,分光光度法测定大气颗粒物中镍的含量。线性回归方程为A=0.2056c-8.027×10~(-3),相关系数r=0.9994,线性范围为0.01～2.44 mg/L,回收率为96％～105％,RSD为0.2％～1.5％,以3倍信噪比计算,镍的检出限为7.5×10~(-3)mg/L。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定大气颗粒物中痕量稀土元素

研究了电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定大气颗粒物中痕量稀土元素（REEs）的分析方法。在微波条件下,采用HNO3 ＋ H2O2（3 ＋ 1）混合介质能快速而有效地分解颗粒物样品。详细讨论了测定稀土元素的质谱干扰。通过分析不同粒径颗粒物中稀土元素的含量,初步探讨了大气颗粒物中稀土元素的分布规律。结果表明：颗粒物试样的粒径越小,稀土元素的含量越高。分析方法的检出限为0．7～2．8pg／mL,用于大气颗粒物国际标样（SRM 1648）中稀土元素分析,结果与推荐值有良好的一致性。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.