ABS树脂合成路线,结构,性能和新品种

本文根据50篇参考文献和专利,对ABS树脂(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物)的合成路线、结构性能和新品种作了综述.在简介了橡胶增韧聚苯乙烯系列,特别是ABS以后,首先描述了乳液、本体-悬浮、连续本体3种制备ABS的聚合方法,并作了评价.然后讨论了3组份的比例、橡胶颗粒大小、接枝率等对ABS树脂抗冲、耐热、流动、透明、耐候等性能的影响.最后介绍高抗冲型、透明、耐热、阻燃、电镀型等ABS新品种和其合金,以及有关生产关键和应用领域.     

超细高分散碳酸钙的原位制备及性能

利用油酸原位表面改性方法制备了一种高分散疏水碳酸钙纳米粒子.在低温碳化条件下,制备的超细碳酸钙纳米粒子的粒径可控制在40~50 nm之间.原位表面改性作用下油酸分子被接枝到超细碳酸钙纳米粒子的表面,使其分散性明显提高;此种超细填料的表面接触角为125.96°,由亲水性转变为疏水性.将质量分数为1%的超细碳酸钙纳米粒子填料添加到ABS树脂基体中,其白度值从62.47升高至87.96,可见该超细填料可以广泛应用到"白色家电"ABS专用树脂中.     

ABS树脂研究进展

聚(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)三元共聚物即ABS树脂具有优异的机械性能、热稳定性能、耐化学性能、美学性能和加工性能等因而被广泛应用。本文综述了国内外ABS树脂的生产工艺和制备方法,指出了连续本体聚合法具有优势,但仍要与乳液聚合法长期竞争、共存,并重点阐述了ABS树脂的增韧改性用橡胶品种及其增韧机理,最后讨论了仪器化冲击试验机在高分子材料尤其是在ABS领域中的应用状况及前景,指出将显微技术与仪器化冲击手段结合可深层次地评价树脂材料的动态断裂过程与机理。     

硫化铜纳米粒子的多种制备方法

纳米粒子制备方法的研究在整个纳米技术领域占有十分重要的地位。目前,虽然纳米粒子的制备方法很多［1~7］,但合成工艺简单、成本低廉、易于工业化的合成技术还不多,限制了纳米材料奇特而广泛的应用前景。 纳米材料的功能不但取决于其化学组成,而且取决于纳米粒子的形态和物理组成。例如二氧化钛粒子粒径为2000nm时,对可见光的散射率最大,遮盖力最强,广泛用于高档油漆、油墨颜料,而粒径减小至 10~60nm时,则具有透明性、强紫外线吸收能力,可用于高档化妆品、透明涂料等[8] 。此外,形状不同亦将影响纳米粒子的性能,如磁记录粒子a-…     

湿化学法制备的KTiOPO4@SiO2玻璃陶瓷纳米结构和透明性

用湿化学法合成了25KTiOPO4-75SiO2透明纳米玻璃陶瓷。采用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜和二次谐波发生对玻璃陶瓷物相及纳米结构进行了分析。透明凝胶块经过热处理后,从SiO2基玻璃中析出了粒径为~30 nm的KTiOPO4纳米晶体,形成了透明KTiOPO4@SiO2纳米玻璃陶瓷;凝胶粒子的烧结致密化消除了大量不规则介孔,但形成了少量30 nm的球状孔;这种相对致密的玻璃陶瓷在可见光波段的光学透射率为64%左右。根据纳米结构数据,利用瑞利散射模型分析了纳米结构对玻璃陶瓷透明性的影响,结果表明,KTiOPO4晶体与SiO2玻璃相折射率之差是降低致密纳米玻璃陶瓷透明性的主要因素。     

铸型尼龙/纳米ZnO复合材料的制备与表征

采用原位聚合反应制备MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料并对其性能、形貌和结晶形态进行了分析.分析结果表明:MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料中ZnO达到了纳米级分散,并且粒子分布比较均匀,粒子的粒径在30~50 nm左右.纳米ZnO没有改变尼龙6的结晶形态.纳米ZnO的加入起到同时增强增韧的作用;使体积电阻系数降了8×104倍、表面电阻系数降了5.7×104倍、摩擦系数降低了29%,MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料摩擦磨损性能和抗静电性能明显优于MC尼龙6;经过力学拉伸试验的破坏,引起MC尼龙6结构发生宏观应力变化,造成(002 202晶面)产生明显的择优取向.     

含功能化咪唑鎓离聚物增韧改性聚乳酸的研究

以生物质来源的氯醚弹性体和羟乙基咪唑、PEG端咪唑单体为原料,通过简单的季胺化和离子交换反应,成功制备了2种新型功能化的生物基离聚物(ECO-OH-PF_6,ECO-EG-PF_6),并将其应用于聚乳酸的共混增韧改性.离聚物ECO-EG-PF_6呈现典型的弹性体特征,而ECO-OH-PF_6表现为塑料性能.在聚乳酸(PLA)与离聚物共混体系中,ECO-OH-PF_6表现出对PLA更优的增韧效果. PLA/ECO-OH-PF_6(80/20)共混物断裂伸长率可提高至241%,而拉伸强度可保持在47.8 MPa.动态机械分析和扫描电子显微镜的结果表明离子-偶极相互作用和氢键相互作用使得ECO-OH-PF_6与PLA组分之间具有良好的相容性,形成了较强的界面粘附.而且由于折光指数相匹配,PLA/ECO-OH-PF_6共混物表现出良好的透明性,可见光范围内的透过率可达77%～87%.因而ECO-OH-PF_6可成为PLA良好的增韧改性剂,促进PLA基材料在透明包装等领域获得广阔的应用.     

双酚A型氰酸酯树脂/端羧基丁腈橡胶共混物的结构与性能

用液体端羧基丁腈橡胶（CTBN）对双酚A型氰酸酯树脂（BCE）进行增韧改性,用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜,动态力学能谱仪等分析手段表征共混物的微观结构,测定其力学性能、耐热性等.结果表明,CTBN增韧BCE树脂体系可形成典型的海岛状共混结构;当平均粒径为2～3μm时,增韧效果最佳;当CTBN加入10份时,冲击强度提高150%,最大失重率所对应的温度只下降3.5℃;动态力学性能分析证明BCE/CTBN共混物是一个多相体系,存在橡胶CTBN相、BCE相和以BCE为主的BCE/CTBN共聚相、以CTBN为主的BCE/CTBN共聚相.     

多组份含金属盐透明树脂的合成

本文将双烯聚醚砜大分子单体(BPS-MA)引入含金属(Pb、Ba等)盐单体的苯乙烯体系中进行聚合,发现单体配比与树脂透明性密切相关。对于Pb(MA)_2/St/MA/BPS-MA四元体系,欲获得透明树脂,BPS-MA用量大于20％时,摩尔比MA/[Pb(MA)_2]可由原来的5.5降至2.2左右,并且可获得n_D>1.60的透明材料。光学性能测试结果表明,Pb(MA)_2、BPS-MA量增加,n_D增大,阿贝数v_D略降低;MA量增加,n_D下降v_D略增加。适当的配比可望制备出性能优异的多组份含金属盐透明聚合物材料。     

异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯与ABS树脂共混体系的结构与性能研究

采用异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯(DB),与掺混型ABS熔融共混制备了具有不同聚丁二烯(PB)含量和丙烯腈(AN)含量的DB/掺混型ABS合金,并在考察掺混型ABS特征对合金结构与性能的影响的基础上,分别使用同种掺混型ABS以及各种商品化ABS树脂,比较了DB/ABS合金和双酚A型聚碳酸酯/ABS合金的性能及其变化规律.结果表明,对DB/掺混型ABS(70/30)合金而言,PB含量变化对于合金拉伸性能的影响明显大于AN含量变化所带来的影响,在PB含量为6.3 wt%条件下,各不同AN含量的合金体系均有最好的性能表现.PB含量和AN含量变化对合金分散相形态的影响与力学拉伸性能变化特征一致.DB/ABS合金体系均具有良好的热稳定性与热力学相容性,受AN含量和PB含量变化的影响较小,合金玻璃化转变温度与DB非常接近.以双酚A型聚碳酸酯为基础的聚碳酸酯(PC)/ABS合金及以异山梨醇型聚碳酸酯为基础的DB/ABS合金,在拉伸性能变化上均表现出完全相同的规律,且无论是采用掺混型ABS还是采用商品化ABS的体系,PC/ABS与DB/ABS合金在拉伸性能所反映出的规律也是基本一致的.     

Design and Synthesis of Transparent Poly （acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene） and Relationship Between Its Phase Construction and Transparency

IntroductionABS resins have been widely applied to the field ofengineering materials because of their excellent me-chanical,electrical,physical,and chemical proper-ties.Typically,ABS resins comprise a rigid copolymermatrix-phase dispersed in a graft copol…     

Effects of polybutadiene-g-SAN impact modifiers on the morphology and mechanical behaviors of ABS blends

A series of PB-g-SAN impact modifiers with different ratio of PB to SAN ranging from 20.6/79.4 to 91.9/8.1 were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization. ABS blends were prepared by blending these PB-g-SAN impact modifiers and SAN resin. The rubber concentration of these ABS blends was kept at a constant value of 15 wt%. The influences of different impact modifier on the mechanical behavior and morphology of ABS blends have been investigated. The dynamic mechanical analysis on ABS blends shows that T_g of the rubbery phase shifts to a lower temperature, (tan δ)_max of the rubbery phase increases and then decreases with the increase of PB concentration in PB-g-SAN impact modifier. A uniform dispersion of rubber particles in the matrix can be observed when PB/SAN ratio in PB-g-SAN impact modifier is in the range from 20.6/79.4 to 71.7/28.3. When it exceeds 71.7/28.3, an agglomeration of rubber particles occurs. The mechanical tests indicate that the ABS blend, in which PB/SAN ratio in the impact modifier is 71.7/28.3, has the maximum impact strength and yield strength.     

Toughening of nylon‐6 with epoxy‐functionalized acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) functionalized acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) copolymers have been prepared via an emulsion polymerization process. The epoxy‐functionalized ABS (e‐ABS) particles were used to toughen nylon‐6. Molau tests and FTIR results showed the reactions between nylon‐6 and e‐ABS have taken place. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed the compatibilization reaction between epoxy groups of e‐ABS and nylon‐6 chain ends (amine or carboxyl groups), which improve disperse morphology of e‐ABS in the nylon‐6 matrix. The presence of only a small amount of GMA (1 wt %) within the e‐ABS copolymer was sufficient to induce a pronounced improvement of the impact strength of nylon‐6 blends; whereas further increase of the GMA contents in e‐ABS resulted in lower impact strength because of the crosslinking reaction between nylon‐6 and e‐ABS, resulting in agglomeration of the ABS particles. SEM results showed shear yielding of the nylon‐6 matrix and cavitation of rubber particles were the major toughening mechanisms. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2170–2180, 2005     

纳米级金红石型二氧化钛与受阻胺光稳定剂协同改进ABS的抗老化性能研究

分别采用纳米级金红石型TiO2和受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)对ABS进行改性,通过熔融共混法制备了ABS/纳米TiO2、ABS/纳米TiO2/HALS和ABS/HALS复合材料,采用GB/T16422.2~1999所述的塑料实验室光源暴露实验方法,用氙灯气候试验机对其进行28天人工加速老化,通过测定其老化过程中的无缺口和缺口试样冲击强度的变化来对其抗老化性能进行表征,同时利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对其老化过程中的冲击断口形貌变化进行了研究.结果表明,纳米TiO2在ABS基体中分散良好,改性后的复合材料均具有较好的抗老化性能,纳米TiO2与HALS复合改性ABS对其耐候性的提高具有明显的协同作用,其老化后的抗冲击性能超过了单一使用HALS或纳米TiO2的改性效果,老化28天后纯ABS树脂试样的无缺口冲击强度保持率只有20%左右,添加2.0 wt%纳米TiO2后,老化28天后的ABS/纳米TiO2/HALS复合材料试样的保持率则提高到47.9%,为纯ABS树脂试样的2.5倍.     

Preparation,Structure, and Properties of Starch/Rubber Composites Prepared by Co-Coagulating Rubber Latex and Starch Paste

Summary: Several rubber/starch composites in which the starch particles are in an amorphous state and are smaller than 1 μm, prepared by directly mixing and co-coagulating rubber latex and starch paste, exhibit higher hardness, stress at 100%, tensile strength, and tear strength relative to the corresponding rubber/starch composites prepared by direct blending.

TEM micrograph of starch/SBR composite.     

Evaluation of the SEBS copolymer in the compatibility of PP/ABS blends through mechanical,thermal, thermomechanical properties,and morphology

Polypropylene (PP) blends with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) were prepared using the styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer (SEBS) as a compatibilizing agent. The blends were prepared in a co-rotational twin-screw extruder and injection molded. Torque rheometry, Izod impact strength, tensile strength, heat deflection temperature (HDT), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy properties were investigated. The results showed that there was an increase in the torque of PA6/ABS blends with SEBS addition. The PP/ABS/SEBS (60/25/15%) blend showed significant improvement in impact strength, elongation at break, thermal stability, and HDT compared with neat PP. The elastic modulus and tensile strength have not been significantly reduced. The degree of crystallinity and the crystalline melting temperature increased, indicating a nucleating effect of ABS. The PP/ABS blends compatibilized with 12.5% and 15% SEBS presented morphology with well-distributed fine ABS particles with good interfacial adhesion. As a result, thermal stability has been improved over pure PP and the mechanical properties have been increased, especially impact strength. In general, the addition of the SEBS copolymer as the PP/ABS blend compatibilizer has the advantage of refining the blend's morphology, increasing its toughness and thermal stability, without jeopardizing other PP properties.     

Microbial desulfurization of SBR ground rubber by Sphingomonas sp. and its utilization as filler in NR compounds

Microbial desulfurization of waste tyre rubber has been investigated with great efforts since 1990s, because waste rubber has created serious ecological and environmental problems. A microbial desulfurization technique for SBR ground rubber has been developed by a novel sulfur‐oxidizing bacterium Sphingomonas sp. The adaptability of Sphingomonas sp. with SBR ground rubber was tested with the amounts of SBR ground rubber varying from 0.5 to 4% g/l. The sol fraction of desulfurized SBR ground rubber increased 70%, compared with SBR ground rubber without desulfurization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectrum and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the desulfurized surface of vulcanized SBR flakes revealed that not only the oxidation of crosslinked S? S and S? C bonds, but also the rupture of C?C double bonds had happened to SBR vulcanizates during microbial desulfurization. The cure characteristics, such as scorch time and optimum cure time of natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates filled, were found to decrease with increasing contents of desulfurized SBR ground rubber, due to some reactive groups on its surface. NR vulcanizates filled with desulfurized SBR ground rubber had lower crosslink density and hardness, higher tensile strength and elongation at break, compared with those filled with SBR ground rubber of the same amount. Dynamic mechanical properties indicated that there were better crosslink distribution and stronger interfacial bonding between NR matrix and desulfurized SBR ground rubber. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs showed that the fracture surfaces of NR vulcanizates filled with desulfurized SBR ground rubber had more smooth morphologies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ABS的MAH/St多单体熔融接枝及其对PA6/ABS共混体系相形态和力学性能的影响

通过多单体熔融接枝的方法制备出了具有较高接枝率的ABS接枝物 (ABS g (MAH co St) ) ,并对其接枝机理进行了初步探讨 .研究表明 ,MAH、St接枝ABS时 ,反应主要发生在ABS中聚丁二烯的双键部位 .同时 ,当MAH与St的用量比约为 1:1时接枝率达到最高 .ABS g (MAH co St)作为尼龙 6 (PA6 ) ABS共混体系相容剂起到了良好的增容效果 .实验证明 ,相容剂使用前后 ,共混物的相区尺寸由几十 μm减小到 1μm以下 ,且分布更加均匀 ;共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度等力学性能也同时得到均衡改善 .     

High‐efficiency impact modifier prepared by coagulation emulsion polymerization through internal voiding toughening mechanism

This paper was an application of our previous study on particle coagulation mechanism (Colloid Polym Sci 291: 2385‐2398, 2013), and the effect of coagulation particle of acrylic impact modifiers (ACR) on polymer blend properties was investigated. The compatibility was relevant with the properties of shell phase rather than the structure of core phase. The rubber content was found to be the main influencing factor for toughening when rubber content less than 5%. However, when it reached to 7%, the dispersion of rubber became the primary parameter to dominate the toughness. The highest impact strength of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) toughened by coagulation particles was 1656 J/m, nearly 56 times than pure PVC, whereas only 45 times was reached when toughening by traditional ACR prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization; moreover, the brittle–ductile transition happened in advanced of 2 phr at ACR content. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the shear yielding of the matrix and rubber cavitation were the major toughening mechanisms. Furthermore, the high performance of blend responsible for coagulation particles was discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermal stability of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites filled with kaolinite/silica hybrid filler

Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites filled with fillers, such as modified kaolinite (MK), precipitated silica (PS), and the hybrid fillers containing MK and PS, were prepared by melt blending. The kaolinite sheets were finely dispersed in the SBR matrix around 20–80 nm in thickness and reached the nano-scale. The SBR composites with fillers exhibited excellent thermal stability compared to the pure SBR. The thermal stability of SBR composites was improved with the increasing of MK mass fraction. When MK hybridized with PS, kaolinite sheets were covered by the fine silica particles and the interface between filler particles and rubber matrix became more indistinct. SBR composite filled by hybrid fillers containing 40 phr MK and 10 phr PS became more difficult in decomposition and was better than that of 50 phr PS/SBR and 50 phr MK/SBR in thermal stability. Therefore, the hybridization of the fine silica particles with the kaolinite particles can effectively improve the thermal stability of SBR composites.