甲醇制汔油反应及动力学研究

采用等温流动积分反应器，在下列条件范围内：反应温度３６０～３９０℃，压力０．１ＭＰａ～４．０ＭＰａ，重量空速５．０ｈ＾－１～１１．０ｈ＾－１，对甲醇在ＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂上转化制汽油反应进行了研究。根据实验结果，对Ｍｉｈａｉｌ提出的甲醇转化成烃类机理做了某些修正。建立了甲醇在ＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂上转化成汽油的动力学模型，该模型是一个包括２６个方程的常微分布方程组。用Ｇｅａｒ法求解方程组，用Ｐｏ     

乙二胺在ZSM—5分子筛催化剂上脱氨制哌嗪

研究了反应温度，反应物浓度及空速对乙二胺在Ｈ－ＺＳＭ－５和Ｋ－ＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂上转化为哌嗪反应的影响。在反应温度为３４０℃，乙二胺浓度为５０％和空速为２．３ｈ＾－１条件下，乙二胺在２．６％Ｋ－ＺＳＭ－５催化剂上的转化率为９５％，哌嗪的选择性为９６５。     

浆态床FT合成／固定床ZSM—5改质的合成液体燃料工艺的研究和开发

从合成气制取液体燃料的浆态床ＦＴ合成／固定床ＺＳＭ－５改质的反应系统由Ｉ段鼓泡浆液反应器（内径４０ｍｍ，高４５００ｍｍ）和Ⅱ段固定床ＺＳＭ－５反应器（内径４０ｍｍ，高９００ｍｍ）组成。在温度２５０～２８０℃（Ｉ段），３００～３４０℃（Ⅱ段），压力１．５～２．５ＭＰａ，空速２．０ＮＬ／ｇＦｅ．ｈ（Ｉ段），５００～１０００ｈ＾－２（Ⅱ段），Ｈ２／ＣＯ比０．５～１．５和气速１～２ｃｍ／ｓ范围内，考察了工     

MFT改质反应ZSM-5分子筛催化剂结焦行为的研究 Ⅱ.正庚烷和MFT模型混合物

通过参数估计和模型筛选，获得了正庚烷和ＭＦＴ模型混合物在ＺＳＭ５分子筛催化剂上的结焦动力学方程，模型能够和实验数据较好地关联，最大相对误差不超过±２０％。用正庚烷模拟ＦＴ合成产物中碳数小于１１烃在ＺＳＭ５分子筛催化剂上的结焦，用ＭＦＴ模型混合物来模拟ＦＴ合成产物中Ｃ＋１２烃在ＺＳＭ５上的结焦，则：Ｃ＝３１．５３ｅ１４８９６．７４ＲＴｔ０．３３ｆ０．２２１＋１７３．１９ｅ１７６２８．１３ＲＴｔ０．２０ｆ０．２９２能够较准确地预测ＭＦＴ中试改质反应器入口附近分子筛催化剂上的焦含量。结合本研究的第一部分，对不同反应原料在ＺＳＭ５上的结焦行为进行了比较，表明ＺＳＭ５上的结焦很可能是一个扩散控制过程。     

Zr—Mn—K催化超临界相合成甲醇与异丁醇的研究

用共沉淀法和超临界流体干燥法,分别制备了Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ沉淀型催化剂和超细催化剂。以正十一－十三烷的混合物为超临界介质,在反应温度３６０－４１０℃,合成气压力为７．５ＭＰａ,ＧＨＳＶ１７００ｈ＾－１及介质压力２．０８ＭＰａ的实验条件下,分别考虑了超细催化剂和沉淀催化剂的气相和超临界相催化合成气制甲醇,异丁醇的性能。     

反应条件对Zr—Mn—K催化剂合成甲醇,异丁醇的影响

用共沉淀法和超临界干燥法分别制备沉淀型Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂和超细Ｚｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ经剂，由合成气合成甲醇、异丁醇。考察了反应条件对两类催化剂合成甲醇、异丁醇的影响。超细催化剂生成异丁醇活性明显高于沉淀催化剂。在４００℃、５０００ｈ＾－１、１０．０ＭＰａ的反应条件下，超细催化剂异丁醇的含量可达１７．３１％，时空产率为１８．２ｍｌ／ｈ．Ｌｃａｔ．，１６ＭＰａ时异丁醇时空产率达３３．９２ｍｌ／ｈ．Ｌｃａｔ。     

浆态床FT合成／固定床ZSM－5改质的合成液体燃料工艺的研究和开发

从合成气制取液体燃料的浆态床ＦＴ合成／固定床２ＳＭ－５改质的反应系统由Ⅰ段鼓泡浆液反应器（内径４０ｍｍ，高４５０Ｏｍｍ）和Ⅱ段固定床ＺＳＭ－５反应器（内径４０ｍｍ，高９００ｍｍ）组成，在温度２５０～２８０℃（Ⅰ段），３００～３４０℃（Ⅱ段），压力１．５～２．５ＭＰａ，空速２．０ＮＬ／ｇＦｅ·ｈ（Ⅰ段），５００～１０００ｈ￣－１（Ⅱ段），Ｈ＿２ＣＯ比０．５～１．５和气速１～２ｃｍ／ｓ范围内，考察了工艺参数对反应性能的影响，１０００ｈ以上的寿命试验的平均结果为：合成气单程转化率６５．１％，产率１００ｇ／Ｎｍ￣３（Ｃｏ＋Ｈ＿２），总烃生产达３５０ｇ／Ｆｅ。使用富ＣＯ合成气时，达１１０ｇ／Ｎｍ￣３（ＣＯ＋Ｈ＿２）。实测的ＦＴ合成反应热为２９３８；５ｋＪ／Ｎｍ￣３（ＣＯ＋Ｈ＿２）。长期运转试验表明，工艺流程合理，设备操作和温度控制可靠。采用的浆液循环回路方法可初步分离蜡中的催化剂。     

Fe—Mo／KZSM—5上甲醇氧化为甲醛的研究

采用浸渍法制备了Ｆｅ／Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５和Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ／ＫＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂,利用ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ和Ｏ２－ＴＰＤ对催化剂的表面酸性和吸附Ｏ２物种进行了表征,考察了温度、Ｍｏ／Ｆｅ摩尔比,空气／甲醇摩尔比及ＷＨＳＶ对催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,在Ｆｅ－Ｍｏ／ＫＺＳＭ－５催化剂上,适宜的反应条件下,甲醇转化率接近１００％,甲醛选择性达到９０．６％,同时还进行了９６ｈ的催化剂的稳定性实验。     

复合催化剂中H-ZSM-5酸性对合成气制二甲醚的影响

对合成气制二甲醚（ Ｄ Ｍ Ｅ）复合催化剂中脱水组分 Ｈ Ｚ Ｓ Ｍ ５ 分子筛进行水热处理及 Ｎ Ｈ３ Ｔ Ｐ Ｄ、 Ｃ Ｏ２ Ｔ Ｐ Ｄ 表征． 研究结果表明, 在 Ｈ Ｚ Ｓ Ｍ ５ 分子筛脱水组分上具有两种酸性中心,高温 Ｎ Ｈ３ 的脱附峰代表强酸中心, 低温 Ｎ Ｈ３ 的脱附峰代表弱酸中心． 同时, 亦有两种不同强度的碱中心． 随 Ｈ Ｚ Ｓ Ｍ ５ 水热处理温度的提高, 总酸量及强酸中心数量逐渐降低, 碱性中心数目随 Ｈ Ｚ Ｓ Ｍ ５ 水热处理温度的提高略有增加, Ｄ Ｍ Ｅ的选择性随之提高． Ｄ Ｍ Ｅ 主要是在 Ｈ Ｚ Ｓ Ｍ５ 分子筛的弱酸中心上生成． 对 Ｈ Ｚ Ｓ Ｍ５ 于 ６００ ℃处理后与铜基催化剂混合制得的复合催化剂, 对其反应性能考察后发现, 当 Ｈ２／ Ｃ Ｏ≈２ 时, ４～６ Ｍ Ｐａ、２ ０００～３ ０００ ｈ－ １、２６０ ℃为最适宜反应条件． 此时, Ｃ Ｏ 的转化率≥ ９０％ , 对 Ｄ Ｍ Ｅ 和甲醇的选择性为９６％ , Ｄ Ｍ Ｅ 在所有有机产物中的选择性≥ ８０％ , Ｄ Ｍ Ｅ的含量≥ ２０％ ． 提高反应压力, Ｃ Ｏ 的转化率及 Ｄ Ｍ Ｅ 在产物中的含量有较大提高, 但对 Ｄ Ｍ Ｅ的选择性影响不大．     

低碳烷烃合成芳烃的研究

对ＺＳＭ－５型高硅沸石进行了锌改性，制备了不同锌含量的Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂。以丙烷为原料，在反应温度４７０～５５０℃，空速１～７ｈ￣（－１）条件下反应，并考察了催化剂的稳定性。结果表明，Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５较ＨＺＳＭ－５在原料转化率变化不大的情况下，芳烃选择性有较大提高，液体产物收率明显增加。氨ＴＰＤ和吡啶陡吸附红外光谱表明，Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５较ＨＺＳＭ－５总酸量低，Ｌ酸量多，Ｂ酸量少。丙烷在线热重分析表明，Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５积炭初速度较ＨＺＳＭ－５低一半，Ｈ＿２化学吸附表明，Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５的吸氢量是０．４５ｍｍｏｌＨ２／ｇＺｎ，相当于每ｍｇ锌可吸附２．７１×１０￣（１７）个氢分子。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.