离子液体嵌段共聚物的合成及其离子传导性

采用可逆加成 断裂链转移自由基聚合法(RAFT)合成了三嵌段共聚物聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯-b-聚对氯甲基苯乙烯-b-聚苯乙烯（PBMA₆₉-b-PVBC⁹²-b-PS₃₄₅, PDI=1.5）;PBMA₆₉-b-PVBC⁹²-b-PS₃₄₅经N-甲基咪唑季铵化后与锂离子盐发生离子交换，两步分别制得两种离子液体嵌段共聚物PBMA-b-PVBMImCl-b-PS和PBMA-b-PVBMImTFSI-b-PS，其结构经¹H NMR, FT-IR和GPC确证。采用交流阻抗研究了两种离子液体嵌段共聚物的导电性能。结果表明：PBMA-b-PVBMImCl-b-PS和PBMA-b-PVBMImTFSI-b-PS的离子电导率分别为6.0×10^-4S·cm^-1和1.6×10^-3S·cm^-1。     

ABA型聚L-丙氨酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物的合成及其表征

利用L-α-丙氨酸和三聚光气反应制备了N-羧基-α-丙氨酸-环内酸酐(NCA).以聚乙二醇(PEG)为原料.制备了端氨基聚乙二醇(PEG-NH₂),并以此作为引发剂,引发NCA开环聚合.合成了不同组成和分子量的聚L-丙氨酸-聚乙二醇(PLAA-PEG-PLAA)嵌段共聚物.利用IR、¹H NMR、DSC、WAXD、CD等方法对共聚物结构进行了表征.结果表明,PEG-NH₂引发NCA开环聚合得到的是嵌段共聚物,通过¹H NMR谱得到共聚物组成及数均分子量;引入PEG的结果使聚L-丙氨酸的亲水性有所改善;CD测诚结果表明共聚物在水溶液中主链主要以α-螺旋构象存在.     

等规聚苯乙烯与聚(乙烯/丙烯)嵌段共聚物的研究(Ⅱ)──嵌段共聚物的分离与表征

将配位聚合法合成的等规聚苯乙烯与聚(乙烯/丙烯)嵌段共聚反应产物进行溶剂车取分离,得到嵌段共聚物[iPS-b-Poly(E-co-P)]的含量约为总重量的20％～30％,并用¹³CNMR、FTIR、WAXD、DSC和电子显微镜进行表征．该共聚物是具有等规聚苯乙烯(iPS)与乙丙无规共聚链段结构的三元两嵌段共聚物,且iPS链段有一定的结晶度．由透射电镜可以看出,嵌段共聚物存在微相分离结构,相区尺寸在100nm数量级．     

温度/pH敏感性嵌段共聚物P(HEMA-co-DEAEMA)-b-PDEAM-b-P(DEAEMA-co-HEMA)的合成与性质研究

利用原子转移自由基聚合方法(ATRP)合成了组成递变的嵌段共聚物P(HEMA-co-DEAEMA)-b-PDEAM-b- P(DEAEMA-co-HEMA). 用FTIR, ¹H NMR和GPC技术表征了聚合物的组成、结构、分子量及其分布. 通过透光率测定、粘度、激光粒度分析和透射电镜研究了共聚物组成、温度及溶液pH对其溶液相行为和胶束化作用的影响. 结果表明: 所合成的嵌段共聚物具有温度和pH敏感性, 共聚物水溶液的低临界溶解温度(LCST)随HEMA量的增加而降低, 临界相变pH随HEMA量的增加而降低, 温度和pH诱导均可实现嵌段共聚物的胶束化. 控制HEMA量可以调控嵌段共聚物的LCST和pK_a.     

磷酰胆碱基pH敏感性ABA型嵌段共聚物的合成与胶束化

采用氯化亚铜/2,2-联二吡啶催化体系, 2,5-二溴己二酸二乙酯为引发剂, 甲醇为溶剂运用希莱克技术, 利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法合成了ABA型三嵌段共聚物PDEAEMA-b-PMPC-b-PDEAEMA. ¹H NMR和GPC(凝胶渗透色谱)对聚合物组成、结构及分子量进行了表征, 利用透光率、粘度测定研究了嵌段共聚物溶液的pH敏感性, 利用表面张力测定、荧光探针和透射电镜研究了嵌段共聚物胶束化作用, 确定了共聚物水溶液的临界胶束浓度(CMC). 结果表明所合成的ABA型三嵌段共聚物水溶液具有pH敏感性, 其临界相变pH 7～7.5. 调节溶液pH值可实现嵌段共聚物胶束化形成“花状”胶束, 并测定了其临界胶束浓度.     

结构可控的聚亚甲基/聚乳酸嵌段共聚物的合成及其性能研究

报道了一种叶立德活性聚合与开环聚合(ROP)相结合的新型合成方法, 成功地合成了结构可控的聚亚甲基/聚乳酸嵌段共聚物(PM-b-PLA). 首先通过叶立德活性聚合方法合成了含有端羟基的聚亚甲基(PM-OH, M_n＝1800 g•mol^－1, PDI＝1.18), 再以PM-OH为大分子引发剂, 以辛酸亚锡[Sn(Oct)₂]为催化剂, 引发D,L-丙交酯(LA)的开环聚合, 通过核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR), 凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)证明了PM-b-PLA嵌段共聚物的形成|利用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)测试嵌段共聚物的结晶行为, 结果显示, 聚乳酸(PLA)嵌段的引入显著影响了聚亚甲基(PM)的结晶行为|扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察结果表明: 在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)/PLA二元共混体系中, PM-b-PLA嵌段共聚物可作为共混相容剂改善LDPE和PLA的界面相容性|PM-b-PLA嵌段共聚物还可通过呼吸图法制备成有序多孔薄膜.     

pH/葡萄糖双重响应含苯硼酸两亲嵌段共聚物的RAFT合成及自组装行为

采用可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合法(RAFT)制得PNIPAM-macroCTA大分子引发剂(2); 2与苯硼酸（PBA）衍生物单体（3）直接共聚合成了含苯硼酸的嵌段共聚物PNIPAM-b-PPBA(4),其结构经¹H NMR和GPC确证。采用¹H NMR和动态光散射(DLS)对4在溶液中的自组装行为进行了研究。结果表明：4具有pH和糖双重响应性，可形成以PPBA为核，PNIPAM为壳的胶束。     

光/温度双响应三嵌段共聚物的合成及溶液自组装行为

以双官能团聚乙二醇(Br-PEO-Br)为引发剂, 利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)制得了含偶氮苯(AZO)和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)的两亲性三嵌段共聚物P(AZO₉-co-NIPAM₉)-b-PEO₄₈-b-P(AZO₉-co-NIPAM₉), 并通过核磁共振(¹H NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对产物进行了表征. 该共聚物能够在溶液中自组装形成纳米胶束, 运用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、荧光探针技术和动态光散射(DLS)研究了胶束的形貌、粒径及其在光或温度刺激下的响应行为. 结果表明, 该三嵌段共聚物胶束显现出我们以往报道的二嵌段共聚物所不具有的光释放行为: 包覆有尼罗红的胶束在多次紫外-可见光循环照射之后, 荧光强度和初始状态相比下降了大约40%, 说明尼罗红在此过程中逐渐被释放. 胶束的尺寸随着温度的升高而逐渐缩小.     

三嵌段共聚物PS-PHB-PS的原子转移自由基聚合

为了克服聚β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)的弱点, 得到性能良好的新材料, 本文利用原子转移自由基聚合方法, 以Br-PHB-Br为大分子引发剂, 苯乙烯为单体, 在CuBr/N,N,N′,N″,N″-五甲基–二乙基三胺(PMDETA)催化体系作用下合成了一种新的三嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-聚β-羟基丁酸酯-聚苯乙烯(PS-PHB-PS). 共聚物的链结构利用¹H NMR和¹³C NMR进行了表征, 分子量特性和链段组成利用凝胶渗透色谱(SEC)方法进行了测定. 聚合物的分子量随单体转化率的增加而线性增加, 分子量分布指数相对较窄. 这些特征都满足原子转移自由基活性聚合的理想要求. 所得到的共聚物PS-PHB-PS具有较好的生物相容性, 与PHB相比具有良好的耐热性.     

聚酰胺-聚ε-己内酯多嵌段共聚物合成、表征及反应动力学的研究

本文采用双羧基尼龙1010预聚物和双羟基聚δ-己内酯预聚物经熔融缩聚制得了不同嵌段链长度和不同软硬链段含量的尼龙1010-聚δ-己内酯多嵌段共聚物,并通过分子量(VPO)、核磁共振谱(¹HNMR)和热分析法(DSC)对该共聚物进行表征。同时,对尼龙1010和聚δ-已内酯熔融缩聚反应动力学作了研究。结果表明,该反应为二级反应,活化能为ΔΕ=58.2kcal/mol,反应常数K=1.36×10²²·e^-2.93×104/T。     

Control of pH- and temperature-responsive behavior of mPEG-b-PDMAEMA copolymers through polymer composition

A series of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether-block-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (mPEG-b-PDMAEMA) diblock copolymers were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization to achieve controlled polymer molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. The thermoresponsive properties of the mPEG-b-PDMAEMA diblock copolymers in aqueous buffered solutions were determined using UV-Visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The cloud point, a soluble-to-insoluble transition, was observed for all mPEG-b-PDMAEMA diblock copolymer solutions. Increasing either the mPEG or PDMAEMA molecular weight resulted in a decrease in observed cloud points as a function of pH and polymer concentration. Changing the mPEG molecular weight determined whether a second, higher temperature, thermal transition was observed as a function of pH and polymer concentration. Controlling the thermoresponsive properties of mPEG-b-PDMAEMA diblock copolymers through polymer composition, concentration, and pH enables the tailoring of these copolymers for applications ranging from non-viral gene delivery to use as a strengthening agent in paper.     

Synthesis of zwitterionic block copolymers via RAFT polymerization

A series of poly [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA)-sodium acrylate (SA)] diblock copolymers were synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The polymerization exhibits controlled characters: well-controlled molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, molecular weight increasing with polymerization time. The zwitterionic diblock copolymers show rich solution behaviors. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated the formation of micelles and reverse micelles of copolymers is affected by net charge density of copolymers. Microcalorimetry studies showed that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) increases with incorporation of hydrophilic segments in buffer.     

Synthesis and characterization of well‐defined diblock and triblock copolymers of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and poly(ethylene oxide)

Well‐defined diblock and triblock copolymers composed of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were successfully synthesized through the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with PEO capped with one or two dithiobenzoyl groups as a macrotransfer agent. ¹H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and gel permeation chromatography instruments were used to characterize the block copolymers obtained. The results showed that the diblock and triblock copolymers had well‐defined structures and narrow molecular weight distributions (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight < 1.2), and the molecular weight of the PNIPAM block in the diblock and triblock copolymers could be controlled by the initial molar ratio of NIPAM to dithiobenzoate‐terminated PEO and the NIPAM conversion. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4873–4881, 2004     

苯乙烯-2-乙烯基吡啶两嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

采用阴离子聚合技术合成了一系列苯乙烯 ２ 乙烯基吡啶的两嵌段共聚物（ＰＳ ｂ Ｐ２ＶＰ），并采用ＧＰＣ、ＦＴＩＲ、ＮＭＲ（１Ｈ ＮＭＲ和１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ）、ＤＭＡ等手段进行了表征．结果表明，产物为高分子量、窄分布的两嵌段共聚物，具有微相分离的两相结构     

PDMS-b-PEO两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成及溶液性质

通过正丁基锂(n-BuLi)引发的六甲基环三硅氧烷(D3)阴离子开环聚合以及单硅氢封端聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)与烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(PEO)的硅氢加成反应, 合成得到了一系列分子量分布窄的PDMS-b-PEO两亲性嵌段共聚物. 利用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、氢核磁共振谱(1H-NMR)表征了嵌段共聚物的结构组成. 通过表面张力仪测定得到了不同结构嵌段共聚物的平衡表面张力及临界胶束浓度(cmc). 结果显示, 该系列嵌段共聚物的cmc值不仅受到憎水性嵌段的影响, 同时也受嵌段共聚物的体积效应以及嵌段共聚物的几何形状(即嵌段共聚物各嵌段的比例)的影响, PDMS-b-PEO两嵌段共聚物的cmc值表现出了随憎水嵌段增加而相应增加的趋势. 通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征发现, PDMS-b-PEO嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂水中会自组装形成球状、棒状以及囊泡状的聚集体.     

Computer simulation of architectural and molecular weight effects on the assembly of amphiphilic linear-dendritic block copolymers in solution

Langevin dynamics simulations are performed on linear-dendritic diblock copolymers containing bead-spring, freely jointed chains composed of hydrophobic linear monomers and hydrophilic dendritic monomers. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), micelle size distribution, and shape are examined as a function of dendron generation and architecture. For diblock copolymers with a linear block of fixed length, it is found that the CMC increases with increasing dendron generation. This trend qualitatively agrees with experiments on linear-dendritic diblock and triblock copolymers with hydrophilic dendritic blocks and hydrophobic linear blocks. The flexibility of the dendritic block is altered by varying the number of spacer monomers between branch points in the dendron. When comparing linear-dendritic diblock copolymers with similar molecular weights, it is shown that increasing the number of spacer monomers in the dendron lowers the CMC due to an increase in flexibility of the dendritic block. Analysis on the micellar structure shows that linear-dendritic diblock copolymers pack more densely than what would be expected for a linear-linear diblock copolymer of the same molecular weight.     

Solution properties of styrene-p-chlorostyrene diblock copolymers—I. Conformational behaviour in dilute solutions

The conformational behaviour of styrene-p-chlorostyrene diblock copolymers in dilute solutions was studied and compared with that of the corresponding triblock copolymers. Eight styrene-p-chlorostyrene diblock copolymers, of almost equimolar composition but with different molecular weights, were prepared using an anionic polymerization technique. The intrinsic viscosities of the copolymers were measured in non-selective solvents, such as toluene and 2-butanone, and in a selective solvent, cumene. The osmotic second virial coefficients of the diblock copolymers were measured in toluene. The data were analysed on the basis of two parameter theories. The unperturbed dimensions for the diblock copolymers can be expressed as a composition average of those for the parent homopolymers and the long-range interaction parameters of the diblock copolymers in toluene, 2-butanone and cumene are smaller than those of the triblock copolymers of the same composition. It means that the diblock copolymer chains in these 3 solvents had a more compact conformation than the triblock copolymers of the same composition and molecular weight.     

A well-defined diblock copolymer of poly-(ethylene oxide)-block-poly (4-vinylpyridine) for separation of basic proteins by capillary zone electrophoresis

A series of well-defined diblock copolymers, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PEO-b-P4VP) used as physical coating of capillaries, were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). EOF measurement results showed that all synthesized PEO-b-P4VP diblock copolymer-coated capillaries in this report could suppress EOF effectively compared to the bare fused-silica capillaries, and efficient separations of basic proteins were achieved. The effects of the molecular weight of P4VP block in PEO-b-P4VP and buffer pH on the separation of basic proteins for CE were investigated in detail. Moreover, the relationships between morphologies of PEO-b-P4VP diblock copolymers in buffer, which were studied by transmission electron microscopy, and the separation efficiencies of basic protein with PEO-b-P4VP diblock copolymers coatings were discussed.     

Morphology and domain size of a model graft copolymer

We prepared well-defined styrene (S)-2-vinyl-pyridine (P) graft copolymers of the ABB type or SPP graft copolymers, in which as block chain is grafted at the center of a block chain, as a model graft copolymer by anionic polymerization and coupling reaction. The composition dependence of morphology of SPP graft copolymers is qualitatively the same as that of SP diblock copolymers, but the composition range of each structure is shifted to the higher volume fraction of S block chain. The molecular weight dependence of lamellar domain size of SPP graft copolymers is almost the same as that of SP diblock copolymers, but the magnitudes are smaller. These experimental results are well explained by the difference in chain architectures.     

Synthesis of a novel hybrid liquid‐crystalline rod–coil diblock copolymer

A series of novel rod–coil diblock copolymers on the basis of mesogen‐jacketed liquid‐crystalline polymer were successfully prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization from the flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) macroinitiator. The hybrid diblock copolymers, poly{2,5‐bis[(4‐methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]styrene}‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane, had number‐average molecular weights (M_n's) ranging from 9500 to 30,900 and relatively narrow polydispersities (≤1.34). The polymerization proceeded with first‐order kinetics. Data from differential scanning calorimetry validated the microphase separation of the diblock copolymers. All block copolymers exhibited thermotropic liquid‐crystalline behavior except for the one with M_n being 9500. Four liquid‐crystalline diblock copolymers with PDMS weight fractions of more than 18% had two distinctive glass‐transition temperatures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1799–1806, 2003