苯分子与Rh(111)面相互作用的分子轨道研究

用群分解EHMO法研究了苯在Rh(111)面上的化学吸附和成键性质。以Rh_7原子簇模型模拟Rh(111)表面,得到结合能为41kJ/mol,吸附高度2.60。被吸附的苯分子通过π键和金属原子的d轨道相互作用而受到活化,有利于在(111)表而上的化学反应。     

苯在Rh(111)表面化学吸附的DV-X_(a)研究

近年来,对于苯在Rh表面化学吸附的模式,吸附态结构和性质等问题已经在实验和理论上得到了广泛的研究,包括TDS、LEED、UPS、ELS和TPD等光谱分析方法,为研究C_6H_6与Rh的相互作用积累了大量的实验数据,提供了C_6H_6吸附在Rh(111)面上的各种可能结构和吸附成键等信息。但是所有这些实验结果还需要根据电子结构和成键性能进行详细的理论分析,以便对C_6H_6 Rh(111)吸附体系的相互作用机理有更深刻的认识。原子簇模型为处理吸附相互作用提供了一个简化的图象,它已被大量用来分析吸附物与衬底的相互作用。对于C_6H_6在过渡金属表面吸附曾经有人做过分子轨道(EHMO)的计算     

Rh(111)及Rh@Cu(111)表面乙烯氢甲酰化反应选择性的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论对比研究了Rh(111)表面与Rh@Cu(111)表面合金上乙基加氢反应及CO插入反应过程.结果发现,与Rh(111)表面相比,Rh@Cu(111)表面合金的集团效应和配体效应使得加氢反应的能垒降低了0.12eV,而CO插入反应的却显著降低了0.78eV.这表明RhCu合金催化剂可以有效地提高氢甲酰化反应的选择性.     

2-甲基吡啶加氢脱氮产品的气相色谱分析

加氢脱氮(HDN)过程是粗油加氢精制的重要环节。吡啶类含氮杂环作为模型化合物经常用来对加氢脱氮过程进行研究。为考察2—甲基吡啶加氢脱氮反应历程和动力学,本实验对2—甲基吡啶的加氢脱氮产品进行了定性、定量分析。     

Ni_2P/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及其加氢脱硫、脱氮性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附比表面积(BET)测定、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征.催化剂加氢脱硫(HDS)和脱氮(HDN)活性评价在实验室固定床连续反应装置上,以噻吩和吡啶为模型反应物进行.考察了不同载体、Ni2P负载量、标称Ni/P摩尔比、催化剂焙烧温度对Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂上同时进行的噻吩加氢脱硫和吡啶加氢脱氮性能的影响.结果表明,TiO2含量为80%(w)的TiO2-Al2O3复合氧化物为载体,Ni2P负载量为30.0%(w),标称Ni/P摩尔比为1/2,催化剂焙烧温度为500℃时,Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫脱氮活性最高.在360℃,3.0MPa,氢油比800(V/V),液时体积空速1.5h-1的条件下,噻吩HDS和吡啶HDN转化率分别为61.32%和64.43%.     

α,β-不饱和醛在Ni-Pt(111)面上吸附的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论研究了巴豆醛和肉桂醛分子在Pt-Ni-Pt(111)面的吸附构型以及相关电子性质. 吸附构型与吸附能结果表明, 巴豆醛和肉桂醛在覆盖度为1/25 ML的条件下, 以C=C和C=O双键协同吸附在Pt-Ni-Pt(111)面较为稳定, 且肉桂醛与Pt-Ni-Pt(111)面的吸附能远大于巴豆醛. 由Mulliken电荷布局和差分电荷密度可知, 在吸附过程中肉桂醛分子向Pt-Ni-Pt(111)面上转移的电荷数较巴豆醛更多, 相互作用更大. 由电子态密度分析结果可知, 不饱和醛与Pt-Ni-Pt(111)面的吸附作用主要是由于分子的p轨道电子与催化剂d轨道电子之间的相互作用. 由于苯基的存在使肉桂醛分子在Pt-Ni-Pt(111)面上的吸附更强, 且平行于催化剂表面.     

负载型钴-钼氮化物的制备及吡啶加氢脱氮活性的研究

以钼磷酸+硝酸钴、仲钼酸铵+硝酸钴、仲钼酸铵为前体活性相组元及γ-Al₂O₃为载体,制备了负载型双(单)组元过渡金属氮化物[(CoMoN-(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ),MoN-Ⅳ],并利用BET、XPS、H₂-TPD及Raman等手段进行了表征;以正己烷+环己烷+吡啶为模型底物考察了上述催化剂的吡啶加氢脱氮活性.与CoMoN-Ⅱ、CoMoN-Ⅲ和MoN-Ⅳ相比,CoMoN-Ⅰ具有较高的吡啶加氢脱氮活性.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备的铑基CO加氢制C2含氧化合物催化剂

用XRD,FT-IR,吸附CO的程序升温脱附(TPD),吸附CO的程序升温表面加氢反应(TPSR)等技术,并结合高压下CO加氢反应研究了用溶胶-凝胶法制备的铑基催化剂.结果表明,用溶胶-凝胶方法制备的催化剂中,Rh以极高的分散状态(主要以单原子形式)存在.与文献报道的浸渍法催化剂不同,CeO2的加入使甲醇选择性显著提高,但降低了催化剂的活性.CeO2对Rh的促进作用可能主要是CeO2与Rh产生了电子效应,即CeO2向Rh转移了电子.     

NO在Rh(100),Rh(111)面上吸附与直接分解的密度泛函理论研究

本文应用第一性原理的密度泛函(DFT)方法,使用DMol³计算程序,对NO在Rh(100)和Rh(111)面上的吸附与分解进行量化计算,力图解决NO在Rh(100)和Rh(111)面上的优选吸附位、直接分解的过渡态和活化能等重要问题.     

Ce离子对苯在Y分子筛上吸附扩散行为的影响

采用液相离子交换法制备了不同稀土含量的Y型分子筛(HY、USY和NaY),研究了稀土铈(Ce)阳离子在Y型分子筛上吸附-脱附烃类分子(苯)过程中的作用机理与影响。通过X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、智能质量分析仪(IGA)、脱附指数的计算和巨正则蒙特卡罗模拟计算等多种表征计算方法,对引入稀土物种后,Y型分子筛对苯的饱和吸附量、吸附作用力、脱附热力学参数、苯在Y分子筛上的吸附势能分布及扩散行为等方面进行了研究。结果表明,Ce离子对苯在Y分子筛上脱附活化能的降低、吸附作用力的减弱以及吸附态由团聚态向分散态转变等方面具有显著影响,该作用构成了CeY分子筛催化剂在流化催化裂化(FCC)过程中能够优化轻质产品选择性的重要因素。     

2-氯噻吩在 Rh(111) 表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

 采用密度泛函理论探讨了 2-氯噻吩分子在 Rh(111) 表面上吸附行为. 结果表明, 平行的 hol 位及 bridge 位上的吸附最稳定. 吸附后, 2-氯噻吩键长发生明显变化, 分子平面被扭曲, 分子中 C–H(Cl, S) 相对于金属表面倾斜上翘. 垂直吸附模式不如平行吸附模式稳定, 但吸附后噻吩环未发生变形. hol 及 bridge 吸附模式下 2-氯噻吩的芳香性已遭破坏, 噻吩环上的碳原子呈现准 sp3 杂化. 在平行的 hol 位吸附后, 2-氯噻吩环累计得到 0.77 个电子, 而 Rh(111) 表面累计失去 1.19 个电子.     

A DFT Study of 2-Bromothiophene Adsorption on the Rh(111) Surface

<正>Adsorption behaviors of 2-bromothiophene on the Rh(111)surface were discussed with DFT.The results revealed that adsorption at the parallel hol site and bridge site was the most stable.After adsorption,bond length of 2-bromothiophene changed significantly.Molecular plane was distorted,and C-H(Br,S)in the molecule was oblique and upswept against the metal surface.Vertical adsorption site was less stable than the plane adsorption site,but there was no distortion for the thiophene ring after adsorption.Aromaticity of 2-bromothiophene was destroyed at the hol and bridge adsorption sites,and the carbon atom in the thiophene ring presented quasi-sp~3 hybridization.After adsorption at the parallel hol,2-bromothiophene obtained 0.86 electrons in total,and Rh(111)surface lost 2.08 electrons in all.     

Adsorption, vibration, and diffusion of O atoms on Rh low-index and (711) stepped defective surfaces

The adsorption, vibration, and diffusion of O atoms on Rh(100), Rh(111), Rh(110), and Rh(711) surfaces were studied using the 5-parameter Morse potential (5-MP) of interaction between an adatom and a metal surface cluster. Our theoretical calculations provide information about adsorption sites, adsorption geometry, binding energy, and eigenvibration. Our results agreed very well with experimental results. Four major results follow. First, the theoretical calculation showed that on the Rh(100) surface the 4-fold hollow site is the only adsorption site. Second, on the O-Rh(111) system, the 3-fold hollow site is the stable adsorption site. Third, on the Rh(110) surface at low coverage, the O atom is adsorbed preferably on the pseudo-3-fold site, while with increasing coverage, the O atom is adsorbed not only on the pseudo-3-fold site but also on the long bridge site. Last, as for the Rh(711) stepped surface, the 3-fold site on the (111) step is metastable, whereas the 4-fold sites on the (100) terrace are stable, which enables the O atoms to diffuse easily from the 3-fold to the 4-fold site at low coverage. Therefore, the O atoms are adsorbed preferrably on the stable 4-fold sites of the (100) terrace and then later as coverage increases on the metastable 3-fold site of the (110) step.     

苯在Rh(111)表面化学吸附的DV-Xα研究

The chemisorption of benzene on the Rh(111) surface is calculated using DVX_a method. The electronic structure, the ground states valence levels, Mulliken overlap populations, and the density of states (LDOS and TDOS) of the adsorption system C_6H_6/Rh_6(111) are obtained. The results of DV-X_a calculations indicate that the adsorbed benzene structure is unpertured from its stable gas-phase structure, is π-bonded to the Rh surface with ring plane parallel to the metal plane, and has a C_(3ν)(σ_d) bonding symmetry. We also discuss the charge transfer between adsorbate and substrate. The π electrons of benzene transfer to the empty d orbitals of Rh, so is resonance stability decreases and is easy to be hydrogenated. The results of TDOS are in agreement with UPS, supporting the LEED structural analysis. From figure 3, it can be found that the two peaks at 5—6 eV and 7—9 eV under Fermi level (E_F) move to left by about 0.5 eV in the process of adsorption, which are mainly contributed by the 2π and 1π orbiatls of benzene respectively and are widened, and the peaks at 2 eV and 4 eV over Fermi level also move to left, which are contributed by the empty d orbitals of Rh.     

Coverage dependence of oxygen decomposition and surface diffusion on rhodium 111: a DFT study

A systematic study of oxygen adsorption, decomposition and diffusion on Rh111 and its dependence on coadsorbed oxygen molecules has been performed using density functional theory calculations. First, the bonding strength between metal surface and adsorbed oxygen molecules has been studied as a function of initial oxygen coverage. The bonding strength decreases with increasing oxygen coverage, which points towards a self-inhibition of the adsorption process. The potential energy hypersurface (PES) for the dissociation of oxygen molecules adsorbed on a threefold fcc position perpendicular to the surface was calculated using a combined linear/quadratic synchronous transit method with conjugate gradient refinements. The results indicate that a minor amount of oxygen on the surface enhances the decomposition of further oxygen molecules, while this process is inhibited at higher coverage. Moreover, PES calculations of a single site jump of atomic oxygen on rhodium 111 indicate that the activation energy increases as well with increasing oxygen coverage. All results are discussed with respect to a rhodium based catalytic NOx reduction/decomposition system proposed by Nakatsuji, which decomposes nitrogen oxides in oxygen excess.     

丙烯腈在Cu(111)面上化学吸附的密度泛函研究及NBO分析

利用密度泛函方法对丙烯腈在Cu(111)面上不同吸附位的吸附状态进行了理论研究. 计算结果表明, 丙烯腈分子通过端位N原子立式吸附在金属铜表面为弱化学吸附, 其中桥位为较佳吸附位, 结合能为-40.16 kJ/mol; 丙烯腈分子和金属铜之间发生了电荷转移, N原子的孤对电子与金属形成σ共价键; 对丙烯腈分子结构变化进行了NBO分析, 解释了丙烯腈分子吸附后被活化的原因.     

Theoretical calculation of the dehydrogenation of ethanol on a Rh/CeO2(111) surface

We applied periodic density-functional theory (DFT) to investigate the dehydrogenation of ethanol on a Rh/CeO2 (111) surface. Ethanol is calculated to have the greatest energy of adsorption when the oxygen atom of the molecule is adsorbed onto a Ce atom in the surface, relative to other surface atoms (Rh or O). Before forming a six-membered ring of an oxametallacyclic compound (Rh-CH2CH2O-Ce(a)), two hydrogen atoms from ethanol are first eliminated; the barriers for dissociation of the O-H and the beta-carbon (CH2-H) hydrogens are calculated to be 12.00 and 28.57 kcal/mol, respectively. The dehydrogenated H atom has the greatest adsorption energy (E(ads) = 101.59 kcal/mol) when it is adsorbed onto an oxygen atom of the surface. The dehydrogenation continues with the loss of two hydrogens from the alpha-carbon, forming an intermediate species Rh-CH2CO-Ce(a), for which the successive barriers are 34.26 and 40.84 kcal/mol. Scission of the C-C bond occurs at this stage with a dissociation barrier Ea = 49.54 kcal/mol, to form Rh-CH(2(a)) + 4H(a) + CO(g). At high temperatures, these adsorbates desorb to yield the final products CH(4(g)), H(2(g)), and CO(g).     

Study of H2O and HOCH2CH2OH Adsorption on the Relaxation Surface of β-Si3N4(0001) by Density Functional Theory

Density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP method is used to theoretically investigate the adsorption conformations of H2O and glycol on the relaxation surface of β-Si3N4(0001) with cluster models. For H2O, the most stable structure is that adsorbed through the H atom lying above a N(3) site of the relaxation surface of β-Si3N4(0001); while for glycol, it is the one adsorbed via the H atom lying above the center of Si(2) and N(3) of the same relaxation surface. The adsorption energy, adsorption bond and transfer electrons of the two adsorbed substances prove that glycol is easy to be adsorbed on the relaxation surface of β-Si3N4(0001).     

Study of H2O and HOCH2CH2OH Adsorption on the Relaxation Surface of β-Si3N4（0001） by Density Functional Theory

Density functional theory （DFT） B3LYP method is used to theoretically investigate the adsorption conformations of H2O and glycol on the relaxation surface of β-Si3N4（0001） with cluster models. For H2O, the most stable structure is that adsorbed through the H atom lying above a N（3） site of the relaxation surface of β-Si3N4（0001）; while for glycol, it is the one adsorbed via the H atom lying above the center of Si（2） and N（3） of the same relaxation surface. The adsorption energy, adsorption bond and transfer electrons of the two adsorbed substances prove that glycol is easy to be adsorbed on the relaxation surface of β-Si3N4（0001）.     

Applicability of density functional theory in reproducing accurate vibrational spectra of surface bound species

The structural equilibrium parameters, the adsorption energies, and the vibrational frequencies of the nitrogen molecule and the hydrogen atom adsorbed on the (111) surface of rhodium have been investigated using different generalized‐gradient approximation (GGA), nonlocal correlation, meta‐GGA, and hybrid functionals, namely, Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE), Revised‐RPBE, vdW‐DF, Tao, Perdew, Staroverov, and Scuseria functional (TPSS), and Heyd, Scuseria, and Ernzerhof (HSE06) functional in the plane wave formalism. Among the five tested functionals, nonlocal vdW‐DF and meta‐GGA TPSS functionals are most successful in describing energetics of dinitrogen physisorption to the Rh(111) surface, while the PBE functional provides the correct chemisorption energy for the hydrogen atom. It was also found that TPSS functional produces the best vibrational spectra of the nitrogen molecule and the hydrogen atom on rhodium within the harmonic formalism with the error of ?2.62 and ?1.1% for the N? N stretching and Rh? H stretching frequency. Thus, TPSS functional was proposed as a method of choice for obtaining vibrational spectra of low weight adsorbates on metallic surfaces within the harmonic approximation. At the anharmonic level, by decoupling the Rh? H and N? N stretching modes from the bulk phonons and by solving one‐ and two‐dimensional Schrödinger equation associated with the Rh? H, Rh? N, and N? N potential energy we calculated the anharmonic correction for N? N and Rh? H stretching modes as ?31 cm^?1 and ?77 cm^?1 at PBE level. Anharmonic vibrational frequencies calculated with the use of the hybrid HSE06 function are in best agreement with available experiments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.