3，3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷和1，1′-亚甲基-双（3，3-二硝基-1-氮杂环丁烷）的合成研究

3，3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷(DNAZ)的含能盐及衍生物是一类重要的高能量密度材料，因此DNAZ的合成和应用受到了密切关注．采用新的合成方法，以1-叔丁基-3，3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷为起始原料，以76．3％的总收率得到了DNAZ，然后以DNAZ为原料，与多聚甲醛反应，得到了1，1′-亚甲基-双(3，3-二硝基-1-氮杂环丁烷)(DNAZ-CH2-DNAZ)．用红外和核磁共振光谱等对各化合物的结构进行了表征．     

N-乙酰基-3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷的合成

多硝基氮杂环丁烷及其衍生物因其四元杂环所具有很高的环张力能,赋予这类化合物优良的爆轰性能,从而成为一类重要的高能量密度材料,其中1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷(TNAZ)成为最具有应用前景的含能材料之一。N-乙酰基-3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷(ADNAZ),为白色或无色晶体,可溶于丙酮,二氯甲烷等有机溶剂。     

TDNAZ·HNO3和DNAZ·HCl的结构及性能

钝感高能炸药1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷(TNAZ)可由3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷(DNAZ)进行合成. 在合成DNAZ的过程中, 得到了中间产物N-叔丁基-3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷硝酸盐(TDNAZ·HNO3)和3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷盐酸盐(DNAZ·HCl). 培养了二者的单晶, 并通过X射线单晶结构分析法测定了它们的晶体结构. TDNAZ·HNO3属于正交晶系, Pnma空间群, 晶胞参数a=1.2697(3) nm, b=0.8179(2) nm, c=1.1621(3) nm, V=1.2067 nm3, Z=4. DNAZ·HCl属于正交晶系, Cmc21空间群, 晶胞参数a=0.6681(2) nm, b=1.0441(2) nm, c=0.9971(2) nm, V=0.6955 nm3, Z=4. 用密度泛函理论方法对该二种化合物进行了几何优化和频率计算, 获得分子结构、原子上Hirshfeld电荷、原子间Mayer键级和前沿轨道能量及组成. 基于分子和电子结构信息从理论上解释了相关反应机理, 并对两种化合物的热稳定性进行了比较.     

3-羟甲基氮杂环丁烷盐酸盐的实用合成方法

氮杂环丁烷类化合物是一类重要的饱和四元含氮杂环化合物,在药物研发中有着广泛的应用。本文以二苯甲胺和环氧氯丙烷为起始原料,在碱性条件下反应关环构建N-杂环丁烷母核,之后依次发生羟基的氧化、Wittig反应生成环外双键,随后采用硼氢化氧化反应将双键转化为羟甲基,最后氢化脱去二苯甲基得到目标产物3-羟甲基氮杂环丁烷,反应的5步转化总收率为40%。该合成方法操作简单,原料廉价易得,避免了剧毒试剂的使用,具有很好的工业化前景。     

DNAZ酰基衍生物的分子结构及量子化学研究

合成了3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷(DNAZ)的酰基衍生物N-乙酰基-3, 3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷(ADNAZ)和N-甲酰基-3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷(FDNAZ), 并得到可用于X射线衍射的单晶. ADNAZ属于正交晶系, P212121空间群, 晶胞参数a=0.6844(3) nm, b=0.6994(3) nm, c=1.6948(6) nm, V=0.8112 nm3, Z=4. FDNAZ属于单斜晶系, P21/c空间群, 晶胞参数a=1.0322(4) nm, b=0.6054(2) nm, c=1.1268(4) nm, β=100.135(5)°, V=0.6932 nm3, Z=4. 用ADF(Amsterdam density functional)的DFT(Density functional theory)方法对两个化合物进行了几何优化和频率计算, 得到了其几何构型参数、原子Hirshfeld电荷、原子间Mayer键级和前线轨道能量及组成. 理论分析表明, 两个化合物中活性较大的原子均为酰基氧原子.     

1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷合成研究的现状与进展

叙述近年来国外对新的高能量密度材料１，３，３－三硝基氮杂环丁烷合成研究的情况与进展，介绍了六种新的合成路线并进行了评论。     

两种氮杂环丁烷类药物中间体的合成

1-二苯甲基-3-羟基氮杂环丁烷(1)经过对甲苯磺酰氯取代、叠氮化及还原反应合成了药物中间体--1-二苯甲基-3-氨基氮杂环丁烷(4);1经过氧化、氰基化与还原反应合成了1-二苯甲基-3-羟基-3-氨甲基氮杂环丁烷(8).4和8的结构经1H NMR表征.     

TDNAZ·HNO3和DNAZ·HCl的结构及性能

钝感高能炸药1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷（TNAZ）可由3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷（DNAZ）进行合成．在合成DNAZ的过程中,得到了中间产物N-叔丁基-3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷硝酸盐（TDNAZ·HNO3）和3,3-二硝基氮杂环丁烷盐酸盐（DNAZ·HCl）．培养了二者的单晶,并通过X射线单晶结构分析法测定了它们的晶体结构．TDNAZ-HNO3属于正交晶系,Pnma空间群,晶胞参数a=1．2697（3）nm,b=0．8179（2）nm,c=1．1621（3）nm,V=1．2067nm^3,Z=4．DNAZ·HCl属于正交晶系,Cmc21空间群,晶胞参数a=0．6681（2）nm,b=1．0441（2）nm,c=0．9971（2）nm,V=0．6955nm^3,Z=4．用密度泛函理论方法对该二种化合物进行了几何优化和频率计算,获得分子结构、原子上Hirshfeld电荷、原子间Mayer键级和前沿轨道能量及组成．基于分子和电子结构信息从理论上解释了相关反应机理,并对两种化合物的热稳定性进行了比较．     

氮杂环丁烷的合成

氮杂环丁烷类化合物是一类重要的饱和四元含氮杂环化合物,不仅是有机合成中的重要原料、中间体及手性助剂或催化剂,也是氨基酸、生物碱及其天然和合成生物活性或药物活性化合物等分子结构中的重要活性单元。因此,发展氮杂环丁烷结构的合成方法非常重要。本文综述了氮杂环丁烷类化合物合成的发展,着重综述了近十年来该类化合物合成方法的进展,主要包括形成C-N键成环、形成C-C键成环、胺催化的亚胺和丙二烯甲酸酯环加成、亚胺和烯烃的光环加成、缩环扩环重排和氮杂环丁-2-酮（β-内酰胺）还原等方法构建氮杂环丁烷结构的新成果。     

1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷在乙酸乙酯和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的溶解行为

在常压、298.15 K条件下, 用RD496-2000微热量仪分别测量了1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷(TNAZ)在乙酸乙酯(EA)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的溶解焓. 得到了TNAZ在不同溶剂中的微分溶解热和积分溶解热. 建立了热量与溶质的量之间的关系式. 对TNAZ, 得到了在乙酸乙酯中描述溶解过程的动力学方程为dα/dt=10-7.26(1-α)0.88; 在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中, 描述溶解过程的动力学方程为dα/dt=10-7.21(1-α)0.66.     

3,3-Diethyl-and 3,3-dibenzyl-1,2-diferrocenylcyclopropenes

Reactions of 2,3-diferrocenylcyclopropenone 1 with ethyl- and benzylmagnesium chlorides afford 3,3-diethyl-and 3,3-dibenzyl- 1,2-diferrocenylcyclopropenes 2 and 3, respectively, and products of nucleophilic opening of the three-membered ring resulting from the addition of RMgCl to the carbonyl group, viz., saturated ketones(4,5-diferrocenylheptan-3-ones 4a,b and 3,4-diferrocenyl-1,5-diphenylpentan-2-ones 5a,b as ca. 3: 1 mixtures of two diastereomers) and other products. The spatial structures of compounds 2 and 4a were established by X-ray diffraction analysis of single crystals. Protonation of the cyclopropenes 2 and 3 with tetrafluoroboric acid at -40 degrees C yields the corresponding 3,3-dialkyl-1 ,2-diferrocenylcyclopropylium tetrafluoroborates. Transformation of the latter into diferrocenylallylic cations upon increasing the temperature to 20 degrees C and their eprotonation under the action of N,N-dimethylaniline were studied. Electrochemical investigation of 1 and 2 shows that in both complexes the cyclopropene spacer allows electronic communication between the two outer ferrocenyl groups, this being notably greater for 2 than for 1.     

Protolytic reactions of 3,3'-dimethylnaphthidine and 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine

The dissociation constants of diprotonated 3,3'-dimethylnaphthidine (DMN) and 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine (DMB) have been determined spectrophotometrically. They are: pK(a1) = 2.62 +/- 0.03, pK(a2) = 3.33 +/- 0.09 for DMN: pK(a1) = 2.83 +/- 0.07, pK(a2) = 4.05 +/- 0.12 for DMB. The molar absorptivities (l.mole(-1).cm(-1)) of all forms of the indicators have been also determined: epsilon(B) = 1.68 x 10(4), epsilon(BH(+)) = 9.34 x 10(3), epsilon(BH(2+)(2)) = 1.80 x 10(3) at 300 nm for DMB; epsilon(B) = 7.33 x 10(3), epsilon(BH(+)) = 3.73 x 10(3), epsilon(BH(2+)(2)) = 0 at 330 nm for DMN.     

Synthesis of 3,3-dinitroazetidine from 1-t-butyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine

Treatment of 1-t-butyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine (1) with benzyl chloroformate resulted in a novel elimination of isobutylene to yield equimolar amounts of 1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-3,3-dinitroazetidine (3) and 1-t-butyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine hydrochloride. The carbamate 3 was effectively cleaved by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to yield 3,3-dinitroazetidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (4) . Free 3,3-dinitroazetidine (5) has also been isolated.     

Calorimetric and computational thermochemical study of 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid, 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric anhydride, and 3,3-tetramethyleneglutarimide

The standard (p(o) = 0.1 MPa) molar energies of combustion in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, of solid 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid and the related 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric anhydride and 3,3-tetramethyleneglutarimide were measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry. The values of the standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, at T = 298.15 K, were obtained by Calvet microcalorimetry, allowing the calculation of the standard molar enthalpies of formation of the compounds, in the gaseous state, at T = 298.15 K. The geometries of the experimentally studied compounds were fully optimized using density functional theory with the B3LYP functional and extended basis sets. More accurate energies were also obtained from single-point calculations at the most stable B3LYP/6-311G** geometries, using the cc-pVTZ basis set. From these calculations the standard molar enthalpies of formation of 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid, 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric anhydride, and 3,3-tetramethyleneglutarimide were estimated using isodesmic reactions involving glutaric acid, glutaric anhydride, and glutarimide, respectively. Experimental and computational results were used in the discussion of the interrelation of energetics and structure in these compounds and compared with other structurally related compounds.     

3,3-Dinitrobutyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles

The syntheses of 3,5-bis(3,3-dinitrobutyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole and a series of 3-aryl-5-(3,3-dinitrobutyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles were accomplished by treating 4,4-dinitropentanoyl chloride with the appropriate amidoximes to yield the intermediate O-(4,4-dinitropentanoyl)amidoximes, which were dehydrated to the 1,2,4-oxadiazoles.     

3,3'-二氨基查尔酮的合成

3;3'-二氨基查尔酮的合成;光敏性二胺;查尔酮;聚酰亚胺;合成     

Analytical properties of the amidooxime group. V. Thermometric study of 3,3′-oxy-, 3,3′-thio- and 3,3′-iminodipropioamidooxime

The thermometric behaviour of three amidooximes (3,3′-oxy-, 3,3′-thio- and 3,3′-iminodipropioamidooxime) is studied in order to evaluate the errors in their thermometric titration with HCl and the corresponding neutralization enthalpies from the analysis of the enthalpograms. The dissociation parameters (ΔG_i, ΔH_i and ΔS_i) of the three compounds at 25°C are evaluated from the pK_a values and neutralization enthalpies.