黄鸣龙——我国有机化学的一位先驱

黄鸣龙院士(1898-1979)1919年浙江医药专科学校毕业,1924年德国柏林大学有机药物化学博士;1924-1934年任浙江医专教授、主任,卫生署化学部主任;1934-1940年在欧洲先灵公司等从事研究工作;1940年回国在昆明任中研院化学所研究员,兼任西南联大教授;1945年赴美在哈佛大学,默克公司从事研究工作。1952年绕道欧洲回国,先后在中国人民解放军医学科学院化学系和中国科学院上海有机化学研究所任研究员。1955年当选为中国科学院学部委员(院士)。黄先生一生从事有机化学的教育和研究工作,他在有机化学的“结构与机理”以及“反应和合成”二大方面都作出了在国内外具有深远影响的工作。20世纪40年代黄先生发现了变质山道年4个立体异构体的循环转变,堪称立体化学的经典之作;1948年发表了黄鸣龙还原反应;1952年归国后引领和发展了我国的甾体化学研究,带领了我国甾体药物的生产发展,是我国甾体药物工业的奠基人。黄先生治学严谨,既重视应用研究,又强调基础研究;关注学习新知识、新概念,又更重视实验技术。黄先生教书育人,身体力行,是我国有机化学发展的先驱者和奠基人。     

The Dawn of X‐Ray Astronomy (Nobel Lecture)

Riccardo Giacconi joined the American Science and Engineering Corporation (AS & E) after leaving Princeton University in 1959, and in 1962 his group there detected the first extrasolar Xray source. Prof. Giacconi was subsequently responsible for the launch and use of the satellite UHURU (1970) and the EINSTEIN observatory (1978). He was appointed Associate Director of the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the Harvard‐Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in 1973 and was also appointed Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University that same year. In 1981 he became the first Director of the Space Telescope Science Institute and was also appointed Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Johns Hopkins University. In 1992 he was appointed Director General of the European Southern Observatory, an intergovernmental organization of eight nations. Prof. Giaconni is currently President of Associated Universities, Inc., and Research Professor at Johns Hopkins University. He was awarded the Wolf Prize in 1987, and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2002.     

In memoriam Professor Zhen-Rong Lu (8 January 1946–5 January 2007)

Professor Zhen-Rong Lu, passed away on 5^th January 2007. Zhen-Rong Lu was born in Changshu in Jiangsu Province on 8^th January 1946. He received his B.Sc. in 1968 and M.Sc. in 1981 from Nanjing University. He worked for Suzhou Research Institute of Chemical Engineering (1968–1979); Department of Chemistry, Suzhou University (1981–1988); Department of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Australia (1988); Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Australia (1989); Testing and Analysis Center, Suzhou University, China (1990–2007). Main fields of interest have been: kinetics; relationship between thermal behavior and structure of complexes; crystal and molecular structure using thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. He was awarded the third award of STA in 1995. Number of publications was 84 and the number of citations was 115. He was the writer of different chapters, i.e. Handbook of Thermal Analysis, Chapter 3–6, Published by John Wiley & Sons, Chichester 1998; Thermal Analysis Kinetics (in Chinese), Chapter 1, Science Press, Beijing 2001. Professional activities were: Member of the Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermal Analysis Committee (CTTA), Chinese Chemical Society (CCS) (1998–2007), Editorial Board of the Journal of Thermal Analyis and Calorimetry (2003–2007), Chairman of the Thermal Analysis Committee of Jiangsu Province (1991–2007), Chairman 3^rd Chinese Symposium on Thermoanalysis Kinetics and Thermokinetics Shihezi, China (2003). Professor Lu was a good and a cordial man always. He was extremely generous, always willing to see the positive side of life. He was a famous teacher and an outstanding researcher on a local and an international level as well. Besides his academic endeavors, he enjoyed his life spending quality time with his family and friends. We have suffered a great loss. We will miss him a lot as we have lost a true friend. May he rest in peace.     

An interview with I.M. Kolthoff

Izaak Maurits Kolthoff was born in 1894, in Almelo, Holland. He studied pharmacy at the University of Utrecht, and was awarded a Ph.D. in chemistry there in 1918. He served as Conservator of the Pharmaceutical Institute at the University from 1917 to 1927 and as a privat docent (lecturer) from 1924 to 1927. In 1927 Professor Kolthoff began his long association with the University of Minnesota, serving as Professor and Chief of the Division of Analytical Chemistry until 1962 and since then as Professor Emeritus. He is a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences, a foreign member of the Royal Flemish Academy of Sciences and of a number of other learned Societies thoughout the world. He has, in the course of his long career, been given many awards. The latest of these is the Special Award of the Society for Analytical Chemists of Pittsburgh for 1981.     

Preface to Special Issue of Chinese Journal of Catalysis in Memoryof Professor Qin Xin

正This special issue is dedicated to Professor Qin Xin on the occasion of one year of his passing away. This is in recognition of his unique and remarkable contributions to the application of in‐situ molecular spectroscopy for catalysis study, the exploration of nitrides, carbides and HDS(hydrodesulfurization), HDN (hydrodenitrogenation) catalysts,and the development of efficient electrocatalysts for direct alcohol fuel cells.Professor Xin was born in Harbin in April 1939. After graduating from the Department of Chemistry, Jilin University in 1962, he worked in Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics     

Interview with Prof. Dr. Benjamin List: Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 2021

In an interview with Benjamin List, winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, members of the Young Chemists’ Network (JCF) of the German Chemical Society (GDCh) asked him about his science, his career, and the academic system. Benjamin List, Director at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung in Germany, was awarded the Nobel Prize together with David W. C. MacMillan (Princeton University, USA) for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis. After studying chemistry at the Free University of Berlin, he received his doctorate from Goethe University in Frankfurt. He discovered the amino acid proline to be an efficient catalyst and thus co-founded the field of organocatalysis. In 2016, he received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, which is considered the most important research award in Germany.     

《催化学报》庆祝何鸣元院士八十华诞专刊

《催化学报》以本期专刊的出版庆祝何鸣元院士八十华诞,表达对何先生五十多年来为我国催化及相关领域发展所作出的卓越贡献的崇高敬意!何鸣元先生1940年2月8日出生于上海,1961年毕业于华东纺织工学院(现东华大学)应用化学专业,同年进入石油化工科学研究院工作至今.1980-1984年作为访问学者赴美国西北大学化学系和美国得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校化工系进行合作研究.2000年以来,应邀兼任华东师范大学教授,2003年领导建立上海市绿色化学与化工过程绿色化重点实验室.何鸣元先生担任过许多学术职务.曾任石油化工科学研究院总工程师、学术委员会副主任,中国科学院学部主席团成员、化学部副主任,中国化学会常务理事、绿色化学专业委员会主任,国际催化理事会理事,国际沸石分子筛协会副主席等.何鸣元先生长期从事催化材料、炼油化工催化剂与工艺研究.发明了一系列沸石分子筛合成新方法与炼油催化剂,开发了双反应区催化裂化增产汽油异构烷烃MIP工艺(Maximum Isoparaffin Process)等多个具有自主知识产权的新工艺,为发展我国重油裂化技术、提高催化裂化汽油辛烷值、开发新标准汽油生产技术等作出了突出贡献.何鸣元先生是我国绿色化学的奠基人之一,他以国民经济可持续增长为目标,大力倡导和推动绿色化学与化工学术研究与技术开发.2001年担任科技部国家基础研究重大项目(2001-2005)'石油炼制与基本有机化学品加工的绿色化学'首席科学家,推动了多项绿色炼油与化工新技术的突破和工业应用.针对碳资源利用过程中所面临的效率低、污染物排放严重等问题,2011年,何先生和合作者从碳资源加工、利用和循环等全周期考虑,提出了'绿色碳科学'的概念,对碳资源的高效、清洁、循环利用具有重要的指导作用.近年来,发起并主持了以'可持续发展能源化工的科学基础:绿色碳科学与绿色氢科学'沸石分子筛:等级特性、选择催化与分子工程'绿色生态环境与化学化工'等为主题的香山科学会议以及其它高水平学术会议,为相关学科指出了发展方向.何鸣元先生获得了许多学术奖励和荣誉.他于1995年当选为中国科学院院士,曾获得国家发明二等奖(1995)、何梁何利科学技术进步奖(2001)、中国催化成就奖(2012)、法国教育部棕榈叶骑士勋章(2012)、法国里昂高师荣誉博士学位(2016)、中国分子筛终身成就奖(2019)等,在国内外催化与石油化工界享有崇高的声誉.本期专刊收录了15篇学术论文,内容涉及新型分子筛催化剂的合成、单原子催化、光催化、电催化以及甲烷、二氧化碳、生物质等碳资源的催化转化等,一定程度上反映了何先生过去五十多年的研究兴趣,并展现了当前国际催化科学与技术研究的前沿和进展.在此,我们衷心感谢论文作者、审稿专家和《催化学报》编辑部等相关人员所给予的大力支持.     

On the analysis of ionic surface conduction to unravel charging processes at macroscopic soft and hard solid–liquid interfaces

The electrohydrodynamics of soft interfaces and the processes underlying interfacial charge formation by, for example, unsymmetrical ion adsorption are important aspects of current research on the electrosurface phenomena. In particular, the recent progress in both fields greatly benefits from the now-possible accurate evaluation and quantitative interpretation of (ionic) excess conductivities at solid surfaces and in 3D polyelectrolytic architectures. Achievements in the proper formulation of the conceptual and theoretical framework and in the improvement of measurement capabilities have been tightly connected to the work of Johannes (Hans) Lyklema (1930–2017). Considering his valuable contributions, we herein summarize the theoretical basis of surface conductivity analyses, review the experimental options for the quantification of the surface conductivity at macroscopic planar solid–liquid interfaces, and discuss exemplary surface conductivity case studies for soft and hard interfaces permeable or not to ions and fluid flow.Dedication: Johannes Lyklema (November 23, 1930–October 31, 2017) was a key scientist in colloid and interface science. He completed his doctorate at the University of Utrecht in 1957 under the supervision of Professor J. Th. G. Overbeek with a thesis entitled ‘Adsorption of counterions.’ In 1963, he was appointed a Professor of Physical and Colloid Chemistry at Wageningen Agricultural College (later named Wageningen University), a position he kept until his retirement in 1995. Under his directorate, the Laboratory of Physical and Colloid Chemistry at the Wageningen University became a world-leading research center known for its key research in the fields of interfaces, macromolecules, and electrochemistry. Johannes Lyklema published almost 400 articles and wrote the five-volume text book ‘Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science’; he gave lectures in five languages and in five continents, received honorary doctorates in Belgium, Sweden, and Spain, and has been awarded with the Order of the Dutch Lion, to quote only a few of the distinctions and awards he received during his career. In his research, Johannes Lyklema paid particular attention to the analysis and interpretation of the electrosurface phenomena. He was the founder and chairman of the International Advisory Board of the conference series Electrokinetic Phenomena (ELKIN) and section editor on electrokinetics in this journal (Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science). We will remember Johannes Lyklema as an eminent scientist as well as a warm-hearted and outstanding person.     

有机化学中新兴领域的积极开拓者——黄耀曾先生

黄耀曾先生(1912-2002),我国著名的有机化学家,中国科学院院士,我国有机氟化学的先驱者,我国金属有机化学的开拓者。曾任中央研究院化学研究所助理研究员,副研究员,上海第一医学院助教,讲师。中国科学院上海有机化学研究所副研究员,研究员,博士生导师;上海有机化学研究所副所长,中国科学院化学部常委,副主任,中国化学会常务理事,《有机化学》主编和国际《杂原子化学》顾问编委。他的研究工作不仅推动了有机化学的发展,而且在我国国防建设和经济建设中也做出了突出贡献。曾获全国科学大会奖,国家科学技术进步一等奖,国防科技事业荣誉证书,国家自然科学三等奖及二等奖,第三世界科学院化学奖,何梁何利基金科学与进步奖等众多奖项。几十年的学术生涯中,黄耀曾先生在国内外著名学术刊物上共发表论文230余篇,著译9本,培养了博士20名,其中有的当选为院士,有的已成为重要的科研骨干和领导,有的是著名的企业家。     

Honda’s thermobalance

Kotaro Honda (2/23/1870–2/12/1954) graduated from the Department of Physics, Tokyo Imperial University in 1897. Between 1907 and 1911, he stayed in Europe, and spent the majority of his time at Göttingen University to study physical metallurgy under Professor Gustav Tammann. In 1911, he returned to Japan and was nominated professor of physics at Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai. An university-affiliated institute for research on iron and steel was established on a permanent basis in 1919, and the institute developed to the Research Institute for Iron, Steel, and Other Metals (RIISOM, KINKEN in Japanese) in 1922. Professor Honda served as the Director of the Institute until 1933. The RIISOM was reorganized as a national collaborative research institute named Institute for Materials Research in 2001. Professor Honda and his colleagues achieved distinguished research works of physical metallurgy, in which thermoanalytical techniques such as differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermodilatometry and thermomagnetometry were utilized effectively. Professor Honda also played an important role in the field of thermogravimetry (TG) by means of the first development of the thermobalance. In the present paper, Honda’s original thermobalance, various modifications carried out by his school, the commercialized Honda’s thermobalance and other related matters are briefly summarized.     

Developments in light sources and detectors for atomic absorption spectroscopy

In a tribute to the contributions of Sir Alan Walsh to atomic spectroscopy, and in particular to his pioneering efforts in conceiving and developing the technique of atomic absorption spectroscopy, a brief overview is given of some developments in light sources and detection methods that took place during his leadership of the spectroscopy group at the CSIRO Division of Chemical Physics, Melbourne, Australia. The topics covered include hollow-cathode lamps, high-intensity lamps, resonance detectors, selective modulation of resonance lines emitted by hollow-cathode sources and isotopic analysis.     

In Memoriam D. Stanley Tarbell (1913–1999), Chemist and Historian of Chemistry

Dr. Dean Stanley Tarbell, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of chemistry at Vanderbilt University, where he served on the faculty from 1967 to 1981, died on May 26, 1999 in Bolingbrook, Ill. Earlier he taught for many years and chaired the chemistry department at the University of Rochester. In retirement, he and his wife, Ann Tracy Tarbell, researched and wrote articles and books on the history of chemistry in the U.S. For his writings he received the American Chemical Societys Dexter Award for Distinguished Contributions to the History of Chemistry in 1989. He was an avid reader and book collector, a linguist who taught himself Arabic, Russian, and classical Greek, and a lifelong baseball fan.     

Rocco Ungaro, 40 years of Calixarene chemistry

Abstract

During the Calix2015 conference that took place in Giardini Naxos in July of this year, the first C. David Gutsche Award for Calixarene Chemistry was awarded to one of the founders of the field, Professor Rocco Ungaro of the University of Parma. In this paper, Rocco Ungaro’s seminal contributions to the field are described. His collaborations with many other groups, his role in the European supramolecular chemistry community and his most important scientific results are briefly summarised.     

Lars Onsager (1903–1976), Chemist-Physicist, on the Silver Anniversary of His Death

The Norwegian-born theoretical chemist-physicist Lars Onsager (1903–1976) received the 1968 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. A recipient of numerous awards and honorary degrees, which he did not receive until relatively late in life, he taught at the Johns Hopkins and Brown universities, but spent most of his academic career at Yale University (1933–1972). He spent his post-retirement years (1972–1976) as Distinguished University Professor at the University of Miamis Center for Theoretical Studies, where he continued his work with several postdoctoral research fellows.     

Definitionen für Fachbegriffe im Bereich der Diffusion im festen Zustand (IUPAC‐Empfehlungen 1999)

Die Übersetzung basiert auf den „Definitions of Terms for Diffusion in the Solid State“ der Commission on High Temperature Materials and Solid State Chemistry der International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, veröffentlicht in Pure Appl. Chem. 1999 , 71, 1307–1325. Das Original wurde von M. Kizilyalli (Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkei), J. Corish (Trinity College, University of Dublin, Irland) und R. Metselaar (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Niederlande) für die Veröffentlichung vorbereitet.     

Otto Liebknecht – eine ungewöhnliche Karriere

With his name Dr. Otto Liebknecht got a big burden. He was born as son of Wilhelm Liebknecht, one of the leaders of the German Social Democratic movement. His brother was Karl Liebknecht, founder of the Communist Spartakusbund. After finishing his studies in Chemistry in 1899 at the University of Berlin Liebknecht had to look for a long time until he got an employment at Degussa in Frankfurt. it turned out to be a big fortune for the company to get the new staff member. Liebknecht developed a production process for sodium perborate, a big and successfull beaching agent in detergents until today, After a dispute about royalities Liebknecht quit his job at Degussa after 25 years and worked with other German companies. In his last years he was appointed Professor of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Berlin.     

二维多层状Ti3C2Tx-MXene/聚吡咯纳米线复合材料的制备及电容性能研究

本文以体相材料MAX(Ti₃AlC₂)为基底,采用氢氟酸刻蚀法得到二维多层状Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene,将一维聚吡咯纳米线(polypyrrole nanowires,PPy-NW)与二维多层状Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene相结合,成功地制备出Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene/PPy-NW复合电极材料. 并分别利用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、X-射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)及X射线光电子能谱 (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)对其进行了形貌和结构表征. 最后通过电化学测试表明,二维多层状Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene/PPy-NW复合电极材料在扫描速率为10 mV·s^-1时比电容可达374 F·g^-1,高于纯PPy-NW（304 F·g^-1）,当扫描速率增加至200 mV·s^-1时,仍可保留原比电容值的72.4%,展现出良好的倍率性能. 而且在电流密度为5 A·g^-1下经过2000次的循环伏安实验,其电容保持率可达91.6%,具有良好的循环稳定性. 总之,二维多层状Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene和一维PPy-NW的复合有效地提升了电极材料的电容性能,在电化学能源储存方面有着巨大的应用前景.     

Miguel Valcárcel, University of Córdoba

The Analyst profiles Miguel Valcárcel, Full Professor of Analytical Chemistry in the University of Córdoba and recipient of the Solvay Prize for Chemistry (1996) and the Robert Boyle Medal of the Analytical Division of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2004).     

Fred Basolo (1920–2007): A tribute from students,colleagues, and family

This obituary-tribute for Fred Basolo (1920–2007), the Charles E. and Emma H. Morrison Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Northwestern University and 1983 President of the American Chemical Society, who died of congestive heart failure on February 27, 2007, discusses his life and work in chemical education, coordination chemistry, inorganic reaction kinetics and mechanisms, and service to science and society.