薄层色谱法在香兰素合成中的应用

应用薄层色谱法对愈创木酚、3－甲氧基－4－羟基扁桃酸和香兰素进行了分析，以硅胶GF254作为吸附剂，从几种溶剂系统中选出氯仿：乙酸乙酯：正丙醇：冰乙酸：水＝20：1：1：1：2溶液作为展开剂。建立了 香兰素的薄层扫描定量分析方法，测定波长为500nm，参比波长为570nm，线性范围为0．31－6．2μg。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中利培酮及其代谢物的质量浓度

建立了测定人血浆中利培酮及其活性代谢物9-羟利培酮质量浓度的反相高效液相色谱方法。用Zor－baxODSC18色谱柱,以V（甲醇）：V（水）：V（1mol／L醋酸铵）：V（3mol／L氨水）＝300：50：3：1为流动相,检测波长为280nm,流速为0．8mL／min。利培酮的线性范围为2～600μg／L（r＝0．996）,回收率为（98．2±3．5）％,日内与日间的标准偏差分别为4．12％和4．83％;9-羟利培酮的线性范围为2～800μg／L（r＝0．998）,回收率为（97．8±3．8）％,日内与日间的标准偏差分别为4．28％和4．81％。     

土壤中多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药的GC-ECD测定

气相色谱法同时测定土壤中多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯类农药。对土壤的分析结果：有机氯农药的检出限0．001～0、003μg／mL，拟除虫菊酯类农药检出限0.008～0．02μg／mL，线性相关系数0．9978～0．9999。用y（石油醚）：V（丙酮）=3：1超声波提取，有机氯农药回收率94．2％～124．0％，相对标准偏差为3．3％～8．8％（n=5）；拟除虫菊酯类农药回收率95．2％～118．3％，相对标准偏差为5．7％～7．1％（n=5）；方法适用于土壤样品中农药残留测定。     

测定血浆中微量硒的三元包合物荧光分析法

采用氧瓶燃烧法对血样进行破坏,利用β－环糊精和十二烷基硫酸钠形成包合物的性质,将4,5－苯并苯硒二唑包合,建立了三元包合物荧光分析法,不经萃取,直接测定血浆中的硒。方法的日内精密度为5．4％－9．3％（n＝7）;日间精密度为3．5％－14．5％（n＝7）;线性范围为10－500μg／;回收率为91．0％－97．8％。对新疆汉族、维吾尔族和沈阳汉族58人的血样进行测定,结果表明：新疆汉族与沈阳汉族间血硒值无显著性差异（F＝1．36,P＞0．05）;新疆汉族与维吾尔族间血硒值有非常显著性差异（F＝1．01,P＜0．01）;男女之间血硒值有非常显著性差异（P＜0．01）。     

单扫描极谱法测定果、蔬中有机磷农药残留量

提出了在0．40mol/L氢氧化钠底液中对碱解后的有机磷农药进行单扫描极谱测定的方法。于起始电位－0．30V（vs SCE)进行阴极化扫描时有产生一灵敏导数波,峰电位为－0．53V（vs SCE)。并获得了辛硫磷残留量检测的最佳条件。在此条件下检测有机磷农药的线性范围分别为：辛硫磷0．12－160μg/mL,甲基对硫磷0．5－200μg/mL,水胺硫磷0．20－160μg/mL,甲胺磷0．1－1．0ng/mL,氧化乐果0．09－160μg/mL。     

吡虫啉极谱吸附波的研究及应用

在0．04mol/LNH3－0．2mol/LNH4Cl（pH＝8．0）的介质中,吡虫啉在单扫描极谱仪上于-0．95V（vs,SCE）处产生一灵敏的吸附还原波,其浓度在1．2×10－4~5．0×10-6mol/L之间与峰电流呈良好的线性关系（r＝0．9941）。对于4．0×10-5mol/L吡虫啉,平行测定（n＝6）的RSD为1．38％,回收率为100．0％~101．1％。建立了单扫描极谱测定吡虫啉的新方法,该法对吡虫啉工业品进行测定取得满意的结果。同时对电极反应机理进行了研究。     

α—卤代萘与叔已酮碳负离子在Co（Ⅱ）络合物催化下的自由基链式亲核取代反应产物的薄层色谱定量分析

研究了以Co(Ⅱ）络合物为催化剂，α－卤代萘与叔已酮碳负离子的自由基链式亲核取代反应（SRN1）产物α－萘基叔已酮的薄层色谱扫描定量分析方法；定量分析的弭性范围为0－4．4μg，平均回收率99％－101％，异板间相对标准偏差为2．3％，同板相对标准偏差为1．6％。     

薄层色谱法定量测定氮酮

对薄层色谱法测定氮酮的操作条件进行了探索。选择了以丙酮为溶剂对样品进行溶解，以石油醚-异丙醚-异丙醇(体积比6：1：1)为展开剂上行展开，在碘蒸汽中显色，密封展板后进行测量。甚定性检测结果各组分分离良好，斑点集中且清晰。定量检测线性范调为15～250μg，线性方程Y(μA)=869．7514 101．9879X(μg)(n=8)，相关系数为0．9986，加标回收率为101．2％，仪器精密度为1．21％，同板精密度为1.82％，均满足薄层定量分析的要求。     

高效液相色谱法对吗啡、杜冷丁、安定的同步测定

利用高效液相色谱法同时分析测定了血液中吗啡、杜冷丁、安定的质量浓度。分析柱为C18,流动相为V（甲醇）：V（25mmol／LKH2PO4）＝90：10,检测波长为285nm。样品血液pH8．5～9．4时,用V（氯仿）：V（异丙醇）＝9：1溶液提取,以氮气吹干有机溶剂后用流动相溶解残渣进样分析。线性范围为0．05～50mg／L,最小检出质量浓度为0．05mg／L,日内与日间精密度CV＜6％。     

甘草次酸的电化学研究

用单扫示波极谱法研究了甘草次酸在NaAc-HAc缓冲液中（pH4．0－5．5）的电化学行为和反应机理。甘草次酸于－1．53V（vs.SCE)(P1)左右有一个二阶示波导数峰（pH＝4．0－4．9）,峰高与甘草次酸浓度在0．4－6．3μg/mL范围内呈正比,检出限为0．2μg/mL;pH在5．00－5．53之间,甘草次酸有两个还原峰,其电位分别为－1．51V（P2）和－1．57V（P3)。实验证明甘草次酸的电极过程为不可逆的逐级电子转移过程,H2O2和羟基自由基可催化甘草次酸的还原峰。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.