再议WLF方程的系数求解方法

基于作者前文提出的求解WLF方程系数的两种方法,即通过其方程变换的由-1/logαT对1/(T-Tr)作图的方法Ⅰ和由-(T-Tr)/logαT对(T-Tr)作图的方法Ⅱ,及其方法Ⅱ优于方法Ⅰ的结论,本文深入地探讨方法Ⅰ、方法Ⅱ所包含的数学解析过程,说明为什么方法Ⅱ的求解结果更可信,并使判断方法Ⅰ、方法Ⅱ可信度高低的标准更加明晰。提出一种非线性拟合方法(方法Ⅲ),证明其求解结果比方法Ⅱ更可信,但计算过程略为复杂。     

1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰吡唑啉酮-5在两相间的分配常数测定及其与溶度参数的关系

1. 导出两相滴定法测 pK_(αβ)和 K_d 的计算公式.2. 测定了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰吡唑啉酮-5的 pK_α及其在十六种溶剂中的 pK_(αβ)和K_d 值.3. 所得结果用 Hildebrand 的非电解质溶液理论进行讨论,指出对于所讨论的大多数溶剂,下列公式成立:log K_d=log(1000d/M)+K-V_(HA)/4. 575T(δ-δ_(HA))~2对所研究的吡唑啉酮来说,符合下列半经验公式:log K_d=log(1000d/M)+2. 68-0. 180(δ-10. 3) ~2pK_(αβ)=log(1000d/M)+6. 78-0. 180(δ-10. 3) ~2上式中 K_α和 K_(αβ)是分配常数和两相电离常数,d、M、δ分别表示有机溶剂的密度、分子量和溶度参数.     

平行一级二级反应动力学方程的线性化

用动力学方程的线性化来判断简单的一级或二级反应已成为一种常用的方法.设C(t)为反应物在时刻t的浓度,如果以log[C(t)]对t作图得一直线,则反应为一级;如果以1/C(t)对t作图得一直线,则反应为二级. 对于以上两种作图方法都得不到直线的复杂反应,其中除平行一级反应,连串反应外,平行一级二级反应也是一种类型.设反应式为:     

铜(II)与α,β-不饱和酸根和安替比林三元配合物的合成、表征、晶体结构和磁性

合成了铜(II)与丙烯酸根和安替比林及铜(II)与α-甲基丙烯酸根和安替比林两种三元配合物,进行了元素分析、红外光谱、电子反射光谱、ESR谱和变温磁化率等研究,确定配合物的组成为Cu2A4(C11H12N2O)2,其中A=CH2=CH-COO-、CH2=C(CH3)-COO-,C11H12N2O=安替比林.测定了Cu2[CH2=C(CH3)-COO]4(C11H12N2O)2的晶体结构.晶体属单斜晶系;P21/n群;晶胞参数:a=1.20264(8)nm,b=0.87604(10)nm,c=1.88246(14)nm,β=100.802(5)°;Z=2;最终偏离因子R=0.0304.Cu(II)具有畸变的四角锥形配位环境,两个Cu(II)由四个α-甲基丙烯酸根桥联,在Cu(II)的端位各有一个安替比林分子以O原子配位.Cu(II)-Cu(II)间具有一对称中心,Cu(II)-Cu(II)间距离为0.26615(3)nm.变温磁化率研究表明两种配合物中Cu(II)-Cu(II)间具有强烈的反铁磁性偶合作用.     

反相液相色谱中计量置换线性参数logI的热力学特征

依据液相色谱中溶质计量置换保留模型及线性参数 log I(与 1mol溶质对固定相的亲和势大小有关的常数 ) ,通过作图得知非极性和极性小分子溶质及生物大分子的 log I与绝对温度的倒数 1/T,以及小分子溶质的log I与其在正辛醇 -水中分配系数的对数 log Po/ w呈线性关系 ,从两方面进一步证明了 log I具有热力学平衡常数的性质。基于小分子溶质、生物大分子的 log I和分配系数大小的差别 ,对两者在反相液相色谱中的保留对柱长的依赖关系给予了定量的说明     

岩石节理粗糙系数(JRC)的分形估计

根据传统的Koch曲线,我们建立了节理剖面的理论分形模型来模拟节理剖面的粗糙性。由这个模型,节理的分形维数D可以直接由两个统计参数L*和h*(这里L*和h*分别为节理粗糙度的平均基长和平均高度)来估计,即 D=log4/log[2(1+costg~(-1)(2h*/L*))]。 这个分形维数很强地相关于岩石节理粗糙系数(JRC)值: JRC=85.2671(D-1)~(0.5679)。 这样本文所提出的分形分析为岩石力学中JRC值的定量估计提供了一个新的方法。     

油酸包覆纳米铝粉/黑索今复合体系的热行为及非等温分解反应动力学

在氮气气氛下,采用油酸(OA)对纳米铝粉(nmAl)进行了表面包覆处理,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱对其形貌和结构进行了表征.用差示扫描量热(DSC)对油酸包覆前后的纳米铝粉与黑索今(RDX)构成的复合体系[nmAl/RDX和(nmAl+OA)/RDX]的热分解反应动力学进行了研究,得到了动力学参数和动力学方程.结果表明,大量油酸以物理吸附的方式吸附在纳米铝粉表面,少量油酸与纳米铝粉表面铝原子发生了化学反应,以化学键合的形式附着在纳米铝粉表面.与nmAl/RDX复合体系相比,(nmAl+OA)/RDX复合体系在不同升温速率下的分解峰峰温都相对降低,分解反应的表观活化能(Ea)和指前因子(A)分别为141.18kJ·mol-1和1012.57s-1,分解反应机理为三维扩散,服从n=1/2的Jander方程,其动力学方程为dα/dt=1013.35(1-α)2/3[1-(1-α)1/3]1/2e-16981.0/T.     

N,N'-1,2-丙二水杨酰胺合铜(II)酸根的双核Cu(II)-Ni(II)配合物的合成和磁性

本文合成了两个新的双核配合物, [Cu(sampu)Ni(L)2], sampn^4^-表示N,N'-1,2-丙二水杨酰胺阴离子, L表示2,2-联吡啶(bpy)或1,10-菲咯啉(phen),经元素分析, IR和电子光谱等方法已推定配合物具有酚氧桥结构和Cu(II)及Ni(II)的配位环境分别为平面四方及八面体构型, 配合物的变温磁化率已测(4-300K), 其数值用最小二乘法和从自旋哈密顿算符H=-2JS1S2导出的磁方程拟合, 求得交换参数为J=-1.90cm^-^1(pby)和J=1.68cm^-^1(phen), 表明两个Cu(II)-Ni(II)双核配合物中有弱的反铁磁自旋交换相互作用。     

1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡唑酮-5对铒(Ⅲ)及铥(Ⅲ)萃取的溶剂效应

本文用斜率法研究了1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基吡唑酮-5(HPMBP,HA)从硝酸介质中对铒(Ⅲ)或铥(Ⅲ)萃取的溶剂效应.萃取平衡可用下式表示: Ln~(3 ) 3(HA)_o=(LnA_3)_o 3H~ 实验测定了在四种不同溶剂(CCl_4,苯,甲苯和二甲苯)中,有机相萃合物的生成常数logβ°_(300)。并以Hildebrand正规溶液理论为基础导出求logβ°_(300)的半经验公式: 对ErA_3:logβ°_(300)=log(1000d/M)-0.47(10.05-δ_o)~2 17.54 对TmA_3:logβ°_(300)=log(1000d/M)-0.47(10.37-δ_o)~2 18.22 式中d,M和δ。分别表示有机溶剂的密度,摩尔质量及溶解度参数,由半经验公式计算出的logβ°_(300)理论值与实验值基本符合。     

在二甲基亚砜-丙酮-水溶液中[CO(SCN)n]2-n配合物的紫外分光光度研究

Lundquist,林谦次郎等都曾用分光光度法研究了钴(II)与硫氰根的配位作用.最近,孙嘉彦等采用平衡移动法研究多级配合物体系时,log[A/(A_(max)—A)]=nlog[R]+logβ_n,作图应得一条曲线,只有当[R]在适当范围内才能使曲线斜率(配位比)接近整数.鉴于文献报道对硫氰酸钴(II)配合物的研究尚未完善,我们在紫外光谱区域,用改善了的方法,测定了硫氰酸钴(II)各级配合物的稳定常数和摩尔消光系数.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.