硝酸钾铵混晶性质的研究

采用恒速冷却法首次制得了不同比例的Kx(NH4)1-xNO3(0相似文献   

Kx(NH4)2-xNi(SO4)2·6H2O晶体合成、生长及x值对其结构、性能的影响

本文以六水合硫酸镍、硫酸钾、硫酸铵为原料合成了硫酸镍钾铵系列(Kx(NH4)2-xNi(SO4)2·6H2O,x=0.4,1,1.6)晶体(简称KANSH),并用水溶液降温生长方法在3L生长槽内分别生长出“厘米级”尺寸的单晶.根据ICP结果计算出x的数值;通过XRD确定了它们的结构(CCDC No.920443 & 920444 & 920445)随x值变化的规律;采用紫外-可见分光光谱仪、热分析仪等测试手段,分析了钾离子含量的变化对紫外特征吸收峰位置及热分解过程的影响;利用荧光光谱仪测试了K1.6(NH4)0.4Ni(SO4)2·6H2O晶体在10～300 K温度区间的紫外-可见吸收光谱.     

ZnCl2·2NH4Cl结晶过程及其热分解行为

使用氯化锌(ZnCl2)和氯化铵(NH4Cl)制备了氯化锌铵(AZC,Ⅱ型,ZnCl2·2NH4Cl)晶体.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)技术研究了ZnCl2与NH4Cl摩尔比对晶体类型的影响.用热重分析(TC-DTG)手段研究了样品的热分解行为和非等温动力学特征.TG曲线结果表明AZC(Ⅱ)热分解由失NH4CI和ZnCl2热挥发两个步骤完成,TG和DTG曲线表明失NH4Cl包括4个微观过程.非等温分解动力学研究表明,失NH4Cl和znCl2热挥发两大步的表观活化能(E)分别为91.25 kJ·mol-1和104.76 kJ·mol-1,指前因子(A)分别为105.94s-1和104.51s-1.研究表明AZC(Ⅱ)晶体据具有良好热稳定性.晶体生长实验结果表明:合成(非提纯过的)AZC(Ⅱ)晶体可以用作制备ZnSe晶体的输运剂.     

水热法生长棒状MnOOH和MnO2晶体

以高锰酸钾(KMnO4)和硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4)为主要原料,在150℃反应16h,水热法生长了棒状MnOOH晶体,然后以合成的棒状MnOOH晶体为前驱物,在硫酸溶液中,130℃水热反应12h,生长了棒状MnO2晶体.探索了KMnO4和(NH4)2SO4的用量以及反应温度对合成棒状MnOOH晶体的影响.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射等(SAED)等手段对产物进行了表征.结果表明,产物MnOOH为单斜结构的纯相,呈现棒状形貌,其平均直径约为72nm, 长度近9.2μm,显示单晶特性;产物MnO2为四方结构的纯相,呈现棒状形貌,其平均直径约为83nm, 长度达11μm,显示单晶特性.     

磁性Fe3O4六方片状晶体和单晶纳米棒的水热合成

本文分别以FeSO4·7H2O、(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O和NaOH、NH3·H2O为原料,以KClO4与KNO3为氧化剂,采用水热合成法分别合成出Fe3O4六角片状晶体和单晶纳米棒.产物分别用X射线衍射仪(XRD)谱图、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)谱图以及磁滞回线图谱加以表征.结果表明,反应物原料及氧化剂的选择对Fe3O4单晶的制备及其形态的影响至关重要.反应温度控制在110℃,时间为14h.室温下,Fe3O4六方片状晶体和单晶纳米棒的磁化率(Ms)和矫顽力(Hc)均有所区别.     

PIMNT单晶生长用多晶料的固相合成

以In2O3、Nb2O5、4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O、TiO2、PbO为初始试剂,先合成出前体化合物MgNb2O6和InNbO4;按照0.25Pb( In1/2 Nb1/2) O3-0.44Pb( Mg1/2 Nbv3)O3-0.31PbTiO3的组分比例,添加1.5 mol％过量PbO,通过高温固相反应合成出PIMNT多晶料.X射线粉末衍射、差热/热重分析表明,PIMNT多晶系钙钛矿结构的固溶体化合物.采用本实验合成PIMNT多晶料锭,通过坩埚下降法成功生长出25mm直径的PIMNT单晶,证实采用预先合成多晶料有助于钙钛矿相PIMNT单晶的稳定生长.     

络合法制备不同形貌的铈锆固溶体及其性能研究

采用不同的络合剂(草酸、谷氨酸、苹果酸和酒石酸),通过络合法制备出玫瑰花状、块状、多孔网状的Ce0.77Zr0.23O2铈锆固溶体,利用热分析(TG-DSC)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积和氢气程序升温还原分析(H2-TPR)等对前驱体及固溶体进行了测试表征.前驱体在450℃下煅烧2h即可得到铈锆固溶体,700℃以后会发生晶粒长大的现象.其中以草酸为络合剂制备的玫瑰花状铈锆固溶体随着煅烧温度的升高,平均晶粒尺寸迅速增大,并发生分相,热稳定性较差;以酒石酸为络合剂制备的米粒状铈锆固溶体比表面积高达53.89 m2/g,900℃下煅烧2h,平均晶粒尺寸依然小于20 nm,具有优良的储氧性能.     

硫酸钾枝状晶的生长与EBSD测定

采用单玻片溶液蒸发法、双玻片溶液蒸发法以及凝胶法,在不同条件下分别获得了硫酸钾枝晶和枝蔓晶,并利用EBSD技术对硫酸钾枝晶和枝蔓晶的结晶学取向进行了测试和分析.研究表明:硫酸钾(K2SO4)枝晶的主干主要沿着＜ 111＞方向生长;而硫酸钾(K2SO4)枝蔓晶中,组成枝蔓晶的相邻枝晶(晶粒)之间存在典型的双晶关系,其双晶轴为＜011＞,双晶面为(053).     

层状结构钒磷酸盐(H2 NC4 H8 NH2)0.5[(VO)(PO4)]的水热合成及热稳定性

采用新配方水热合成了层状结构钒磷酸盐(H2 NC4 H8 NH2)0.5[(VO)(PO4)],用ICP、TG-DTA、单晶XRD和动态XRD对合成物进行了表征.结果表明,该化合物有机模板的开始分解温度,在空气气氛中为343℃,在氮气气氛中为376℃.有机模板的分解逃逸导致了结构的破坏.随着温度的升高结构发生重组,约760 ℃时形成(VO)2P2O7;温度继续升高,(VO)2P2O7进一步氧化,形成钒磷氧化物新物相.与结构相似化合物(H3 NCH2 CH2 NH3)[(VO)(PO4)]的热稳定性比较表明,有机模板的热稳定性及其与无机骨架结合的牢固性影响化合物的热行为.     

片状纳米氧化锌单晶的制备和表征

本文提供了一种应用二步法制备片状纳米氧化锌单晶的实验方法--首先,以尿素为沉淀剂宿主,以氯化锌、碱式碳酸锌为原料,应用均匀沉淀法获得纳米氧化锌的片状纳米级前驱物;然后通过控温热分解前驱物制备出片状纳米氧化锌单晶.用扫描电镜观测了制备的ZnO单晶的形貌,并通过红外光谱对其进行了表征;讨论了溶液中生成纳米氧化锌的前驱物的热力学趋势,并对氧化锌制备过程进行了结晶动力学分析.结果表明:实验制备的氧化锌均为无色透明的片状单晶,结晶形貌为正六边形、五边形、矩形以及其它不规则形状,单晶直径在3～30μm之间,厚30～60nm;影响纳米氧化锌单晶制备的主要因素是反应物料配比、沉淀剂宿主尿素的浓度(1∶6)以及反应温度(70～85℃).此外,乙醇的含量对片状纳米ZnO前驱物的形貌影响很大,过高(＞40;)或过低(＜10;)的乙醇含量都不利于形成片状纳米氧化锌单晶的前驱物.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.